Contamination of toxic elements in the sediments, water, and igneous rocks of the Sefid-rud River in Northern Iran using contamination indicators, with a specific focus on Ti-rich coastal sediments.
Shahram Nakhaei, Mojgan Salavati, Ali Moghimi Kandelus
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
The Sefid-rud River is a significant river on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea in Iran. In this study, we collected 28 samples of surface sediments and water to assess the level of metal contamination. Chemical analysis revealed that the average concentrations of heavy metals in both sediments and water increase from upstream to downstream. There is no clear significant relationship observed between changes in the values of investigated elements in sediments and water. The levels of these elements in the sediments, exceed toxic response thresholds. In the water samples, As, Ni and V concentrations exceed the WHO standard values. According to the Igeo, EF and PLI indices, the sediments at most stations are not contaminated by any of the elements. The CF and Dc indices suggest low contamination levels at all stations. The NIPI and ecological risk indices (Er and RI) indicate non-polluted conditions at all stations except SF22, SF20, SF11, and SF6. The MI and HEI indices indicate pollution in all water samples of the Sefid-rud, but critical values are only observed at SF5 and SF15. The other stations show no contamination. The Cf index indicates high pollution levels for all elements except Cu, Zn, and Pb. The upstream area poses a relatively high and considerable ecological risk according to the PERI index. In conclusion, the sediments of the Sefid-rud River have a higher potential for the exchange of toxic substances compared to the aquatic environment.
期刊介绍:
The Science of the Total Environment is an international journal dedicated to scientific research on the environment and its interaction with humanity. It covers a wide range of disciplines and seeks to publish innovative, hypothesis-driven, and impactful research that explores the entire environment, including the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere.
The journal's updated Aims & Scope emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary environmental research with broad impact. Priority is given to studies that advance fundamental understanding and explore the interconnectedness of multiple environmental spheres. Field studies are preferred, while laboratory experiments must demonstrate significant methodological advancements or mechanistic insights with direct relevance to the environment.