Plasma levels of polyols erythritol, mannitol, and sorbitol and incident coronary heart disease among women.

Abstract

Aims: Erythritol, a sugar alcohol (polyol), has recently been linked to the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. We investigated whether plasma erythritol and other polyols (mannitol/sorbitol) were associated with the risk of incident coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods and results: This prospective nested case-control study included 762 incident cases of CHD and 762 controls from the Nurses' Health Study. Plasma concentrations of polyols were measured at baseline (1989-90 or 2000-02). Associations of erythritol with cardiometabolic risk factors were also analysed in the Women's Lifestyle Validation Study (n = 728; blood collected in 2010-12). Higher erythritol levels were related to more adverse cardiometabolic risk factor status. A relative risk (RR) for CHD per 1-SD increment was 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.28] for erythritol and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.28) for mannitol/sorbitol, after adjusting for diet quality, lifestyles, and adiposity. Compared with women in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile (Q4) of erythritol had an RR of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.13, 2.14) for CHD. The RR in the Q4 of erythritol was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.15, 2.24; P = 0.006) when hypertension and dyslipidaemia were further added to the model; the RR was 1.21 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.70) after adjustment for diabetes. For mannitol/sorbitol, the RR in Q4 was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.91; P = 0.022) for CHD in the multivariable-adjusted model including diabetes.

Conclusion: Higher levels of plasma erythritol and mannitol/sorbitol were related to elevated risks of CHD even after adjustment for diet, lifestyles, adiposity, and other risk factors. The unfavourable association of mannitol/sorbitol, but not of erythritol, with CHD risk remained significant independent of diabetes/hyperglycaemia.