Evaluation of Pericardial Effusions in Alopecia Patients on Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil Therapy.

Abstract

Background: Minoxidil is an anti-hypertensive vasodilator increasingly used off-label for the treatment of alopecia. It is associated with an increased risk of pericardial effusions, with recent reports even in patients on low-dose oral minoxidil (LDOM) therapy.

Objective: To evaluate whether LDOM is associated with increased prevalence of pericardial effusions in patients with alopecia.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, point-of-care ultrasound was used to screen alopecia patients at dermatology appointments. Scans were evaluated by two independent cardiologists for the presence and size of effusions. The prevalence of effusions was compared between patients on LDOM therapy and patients not on minoxidil therapy.

Results: A total of 100 patients were evaluated for pericardial effusion: 51 LDOM patients and 49 control patients. The two groups were similar in terms of age (53.7 vs 54.1; P=0.91), sex (86% vs 73% female; P=0.14), and race. Small pericardial effusions (<1 cm) were identified in 5.8% of LDOM patients and 6% of control patients (P=1), none of which were symptomatic.

Limitations: This is a small, cross-sectional study with limitations on speculation of causality in confirmed cases.

Conclusion: We did not find evidence of increased prevalence of pericardial effusions in a small group of alopecia patients on LDOM. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(9):725-728. doi:10.36849/JDD.8029.