Diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding based on the FIGO classification: A systematic review and expert opinions

Abstract

Aim

To present evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for the diagnosis abnormal uterine bleeding.

Methods

A literature search for the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding was systematically conducted in PubMed from its inception to May 2024 to identify meta-analyses, reviews, randomized controlled trials, and clinical trials, followed by an additional systematic search using keywords. Based on this evidence, an expert panel developed background, clinical, and future research questions.

Results

Based on a systematic search and the collected evidence, we developed five background questions, three clinical questions, and one future research question, with recommendations and/or statements. Evidence and recommendations are provided for clinical questions. Additionally, we developed a flowchart for diagnosis showing the steps of the examinations to be performed.

Conclusion

The flowchart and nine recommendations/statements specify an efficient diagnostic procedure to differentiate abnormal causative diseases of uterine bleeding optimized for actual Japanese situations.