Energy-Aware Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Under Ignorance on Internet of Mobile Things

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) enables the interconnection of multiple devices, typically sharing network resources. These devices must identify a suitable time to access the channel without interfering with each other, which can lead to additional energy consumption. To extend the network lifetime, cooperative strategies have been proposed that modify the device operations between the ON/OFF states to conserve energy. However, the challenge of selecting active devices for spectrum sensing increases with mobile agents, referred to as Internet of Mobile Things (IoMT), since their positions may be unknown. To deal with this uncertainty, we propose using the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator, which provides a framework for decision-making under ignorance, to model the position uncertainty resulting from node movement. We estimate node positions by assigning representative values for their distances to the fusion center and primary user. We then determine the optimal number of active nodes that minimize energy consumption while meeting detection constraints. We evaluate performance for different scenarios in networks of various sizes consistent with smart agriculture environments, employing optimistic and pessimistic approaches. The quality of decisions is validated under the assumption of nodes governed by particular mobility patterns.