Comparative Analysis of Data Acquisition Setups for Fast Timing in ToF-PET Applications

IF 4.6 Q1 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI:10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3401391
Riccardo Latella;Antonio J. Gonzalez;José M. Benlloch;Paul Lecoq;Georgios Konstantinou
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Abstract

The signal-to-noise ratio in positron emission tomography (PET) improves with precise timing resolution. PET systems enabling the capability of time-of-flight (ToF) are nowadays available. This study assesses various data configurations, comparing the obtained timing performances applicable to time-of-flight positron emission tomography (ToF-PET) systems. Different readout configurations were evaluated together with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) photosensors from the Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), with and without the so-called metal trench (MT) technology. The tests were carried out with scintillation crystals of $3\times 3\times $ 5 mm 3 (LYSO:Ce,Ca) from SIPAT. Two onboard FPGA-based systems, namely, the Felix time-to-digital converter (TDC) from Tediel S.r.l. and the ASIC-based FastIC from the University of Barcelona, along with custom-made high-frequency electronics (CM-HF), were compared. Considering only photopeak events, the best-coincidence timing resolution (CTR) results obtained were 71 ps with the MT SiPMs. This result worsened to 88 ps with the old version of the same device that does not include the MT technology (called HD). The results demonstrate substantial CTR improvements when MT SiPMs were used across the different scenarios, resulting in a timing improvement in the 10 to 45-ps range compared to HD SiPMs. Notably, the Felix TDC achieved sub-100-ps timing results, emphasizing the potential of FPGA technology in ToF-PET applications. Moreover, the fully passive version of the CM-HF connected to the MT SiPMs shows only a degradation of 8-ps difference compared to the version using amplifiers. The novel MT-type SiPMs promise superior timing performance, enhancing accuracy and efficiency in PET imaging systems.
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ToF-PET 应用中快速定时数据采集设置的比较分析
正电子发射断层扫描(PET)的信噪比随着时间分辨率的精确而提高。如今,具有飞行时间(ToF)功能的 PET 系统已经问世。本研究评估了各种数据配置,比较了适用于飞行时间正电子发射断层扫描(ToF-PET)系统的计时性能。对不同的读出配置和布鲁诺-凯斯勒基金会(FBK)的硅光电倍增管(SiPMs)感光器进行了评估,包括采用和不采用所谓的金属沟槽(MT)技术。测试使用了 SIPAT 公司生产的闪烁晶体(LYSO:Ce,Ca),晶体大小为 3/3/3/3/3/5 mm3。对两个基于 FPGA 的板载系统,即 Tediel S.r.l. 公司的 Felix 时数转换器(TDC)和巴塞罗那大学基于 ASIC 的 FastIC 以及定制的高频电子设备(CM-HF)进行了比较。仅考虑光斑事件,MT SiPM 获得的最佳共振定时分辨率 (CTR) 结果为 71 ps。而使用不包含 MT 技术的旧版同一设备(称为 HD)时,这一结果则恶化为 88 ps。结果表明,在不同的应用场景中使用 MT SiPM 时,CTR 均有大幅改善,与 HD SiPM 相比,时序改善幅度在 10 至 45 ps 之间。值得注意的是,Felix TDC 实现了低于 100 ps 的时序结果,强调了 FPGA 技术在 ToF-PET 应用中的潜力。此外,与使用放大器的版本相比,连接到 MT SiPM 的 CM-HF 的全无源版本仅出现了 8 ps 的衰减。新型 MT 型 SiPM 具有卓越的定时性能,可提高 PET 成像系统的精度和效率。
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来源期刊
IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences
IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING-
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
18.20%
发文量
109
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