Effect of Novel High-fat Diet Feeding Methods on Food Wastage, Weight Gain, Hair Coat Grease Accumulation, and Scratching Behavior in C57BL/6NCrl Mice.

Alyson R Guy, Molly Klores, Kevin Prestia, Mark Raymond, Skye Rasmussen
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Abstract

Soft-pelleted, high-fat diets (HFD) are greasy and crumble easily leading to food wastage and hair coat grease accumulation when mice are fed using commercially available feeders. The ideal HFD feeder design should reduce food wastage, facilitate mouse weight gain, and minimize variables such as hair coat grease accumulation that have the potential to alter scratching behaviors. Our study compared the feeding efficiency of 2 commercially available feeders (feeders A and E) to 4 novel feeder designs (feeders B, C, D, and F). Novel feeders had alterations in feeding aperture size, feeding surface area, feeder configuration, and level of food presentation. Male C57BL/6NCrl mice (n = 120; 4/cage) were randomly assigned to cages containing one of the 6 feeder types and were fed HFD for 12 wk. Feeders and cage bottoms were weighed before use and then weekly at the time of cage change. Mice were weighed before starting the HFD and then biweekly. Scratching behavior was video recorded at 0, 4, 8, and 12 wk. Hair coat grease accumulation was visually scored biweekly. Feeder A use was associated with the highest feed cost due to HFD wastage ($36.98 ± 1.54/cage/wk). Mice fed using Feeder A had the highest average weight gain (23.75 ± 0.8 g, P < 0.005). However, mice also had significantly higher hair coat grease accumulation scores (P < 0.05) and significantly increased scratching frequency at 4 wk (P < 0.05) when compared with mice fed using other feeder types. Novel feeder designs utilized 10 to 21 times less HFD dispensed when compared to feeder A. Mice fed using novel feeders also displayed improved welfare, as evidenced by low hair coat grease accumulation scores, and no significant differences in scratching frequency when compared with baseline behavior.

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新型高脂饮食喂养法对 C57BL/6NCrl 小鼠食物浪费、体重增加、毛皮油脂积累和抓挠行为的影响
使用市售饲喂器喂养小鼠时,软颗粒高脂日粮(HFD)油腻且容易碎裂,导致食物浪费和毛皮油脂积累。理想的高脂日粮饲喂器设计应能减少食物浪费,促进小鼠体重增加,并最大限度地减少可能会改变小鼠抓挠行为的毛皮油脂积累等变量。我们的研究比较了两种市售喂食器(喂食器 A 和 E)和四种新型喂食器设计(喂食器 B、C、D 和 F)的喂食效率。新型喂食器在喂食孔径大小、喂食表面积、喂食器结构和食物展示程度方面都有所改变。雄性 C57BL/6NCrl 小鼠(n = 120;4 只/笼)被随机分配到装有 6 种喂食器之一的笼子中,并连续 12 周喂食高纤维食物。喂食器和笼底在使用前称重,然后每周换笼时称重。小鼠在开始喂食高氟日粮前称重,然后每两周称重一次。对小鼠在 0、4、8 和 12 周的抓挠行为进行录像记录。每两周目测一次毛皮油脂累积情况。由于高密度脂蛋白饲料的浪费,使用饲料 A 的饲料成本最高(36.98 ± 1.54 美元/笼/周)。使用饲料 A 喂养的小鼠平均增重最高(23.75 ± 0.8 克,P < 0.005)。然而,与使用其他类型喂料器喂养的小鼠相比,小鼠的毛被油脂累积评分也明显更高(P < 0.05),而且在4周时,小鼠的抓挠频率也明显增加(P < 0.05)。使用新型喂料器喂养的小鼠福利也有所改善,这表现在毛皮油脂累积得分较低,而且抓挠频率与基线行为相比没有显著差异。
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American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners Position Statement: Handling and Physical Restraint of Research Animals. American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners Position Statement: Definition of Animal Welfare. Effect of Novel High-fat Diet Feeding Methods on Food Wastage, Weight Gain, Hair Coat Grease Accumulation, and Scratching Behavior in C57BL/6NCrl Mice. Identification and Treatment of Fur Mites (Radfordia lemnina) in California Deer Mice (Peromyscus californicus) Using Selamectin. American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners Position Statement: Animal Care Principles.
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