The life course effects of socioeconomic status on later life loneliness: The role of gender and ethnicity

IF 1.8 3区社会学 Q2 GERONTOLOGY Journal of Aging Studies Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI:10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101263

Ágnes Szabó , Christine Stephens , Mary Breheny

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Abstract

Precursors of loneliness include individual risk factors and experiences of social exclusion. Using the New Zealand Health Work and Retirement Life Course History Study, we investigated the impact of unequal access to material resources across the life course (from age 10 to present) on late life emotional and social loneliness and the moderating effects of gender and Māori ethnicity (indigenous population of Aotearoa/New Zealand) in 613 adults aged 65 to 81 years. Childhood and adult life socioeconomic status (SES) negatively predicted late life emotional and social loneliness, but their effects disappeared after controlling for late life SES, suggesting a mediation effect. Education was also a significant predictor; however, it exerted different effects on social (positive) and emotional (negative) loneliness. Education's effect was moderated by gender, indicating a protective effect for emotional and an exacerbating effect for social loneliness in men. These findings suggest that lifelong exclusion from material resources is a risk factor for late life loneliness.

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社会经济地位对晚年孤独感的生命历程影响：性别和种族的作用

孤独的前兆包括个人风险因素和社会排斥经历。通过新西兰健康、工作和退休生命历程历史研究（New Zealand Health Work and Retirement Life Course History Study），我们调查了613名年龄在65至81岁之间的成年人在整个生命历程中（从10岁到现在）获得物质资源的不平等对晚年情感和社交孤独感的影响，以及性别和毛利种族（奥特亚罗瓦/新西兰的原住民）的调节作用。童年和成年后的社会经济地位（SES）对晚年情感和社交孤独有负面预测作用，但在控制了晚年社会经济地位后，其影响消失了，这表明存在中介效应。教育也是一个重要的预测因素，但它对社交孤独（积极）和情感孤独（消极）产生了不同的影响。教育对孤独的影响受性别影响的调节，这表明教育对男性的情感孤独有保护作用，而对男性的社交孤独有加剧作用。这些研究结果表明，终生无法获得物质资源是晚年孤独的一个风险因素。

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来源期刊

Journal of Aging Studies GERONTOLOGY-

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

17.40%

发文量

审稿时长

50 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Aging Studies features scholarly papers offering new interpretations that challenge existing theory and empirical work. Articles need not deal with the field of aging as a whole, but with any defensibly relevant topic pertinent to the aging experience and related to the broad concerns and subject matter of the social and behavioral sciences and the humanities. The journal emphasizes innovations and critique - new directions in general - regardless of theoretical or methodological orientation or academic discipline. Critical, empirical, or theoretical contributions are welcome.