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Aging together-with: The growing older of humans, non-humans and more-than-humans. A commentary 共同变老:人类、非人类和超人类的老龄化。评论
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101280
Stephen Katz
This Commentary discusses the key areas of thought brought together in this special issue on ‘Aging Together-With: The Growing Older of Humans, Non-Humans and More-Than-Humans’, edited by Michela Cozza and Anna Wanka. In particular, the articles in this issue present original and insightful discussions about the relational, material, embodied and interactive nature of ‘aging together-with’ environments, technologies, animals and pets, and more, across plural and hybrid temporalities and vital spaces of life. My writing both looks outward to where this issue critiques and advances current trends in aging studies and inward to reflect on my own contributions to these trends.
本评论讨论了由米切拉-科扎和安娜-万卡编辑的 "共同老龄化:人类、非人类和超人类的老龄化 "特刊中汇集的主要思想领域。特别是,本期的文章对 "与环境、技术、动物和宠物等一起变老 "的关系、物质、体现和互动性质,以及多元和混合的时空和生命的重要空间,进行了独创性和富有洞察力的讨论。我的文章既向外看本期杂志对当前老龄化研究趋势的批判和推进,也向内反思我自己对这些趋势的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Hidden in plain sight: Women and gendered dementia dynamics in the Australian Aged Care Royal Commission 隐藏在众目睽睽之下:澳大利亚老年护理皇家委员会中的女性与性别痴呆症动态关系
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101285
Kristina Chelberg , Linda Steele
Dementia is known to unequally affect women, whether as women living with dementia, or women who provide unwaged or paid care, yet dementia and long-term care (‘LTC’) research and policy often ignore gender. Using Australia as a case study and building on critical dementia, critical disability, and feminist scholarship, this discourse analysis study explored representations in the Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety (‘ACRC’) Final Report of experiences of women with dementia, and women care partners of people with dementia, using long-term care. This paper argues gender remained an overlooked topic in relation to dementia in the ACRC Final Report. This paper found women and dementia were co-constructed according to normative gendered scripts of passive femininity. In particular, harms experienced by women with dementia in long-term care were overlooked, while the feminised labour of women care partners was taken for granted. In failing to address normative gendered patterns, the ACRC Final Report entrenches rather than unseats marginalisation of women in dementia research and policy and is a missed opportunity to address gendered labour, discrimination and harms in long-term care. Ultimately, the paper highlights the need to recognise long-term care as a key site for critical dementia and feminist scholarly and activist interventions and intersectional approaches in reforms.
众所周知,痴呆症对女性的影响是不平等的,无论是痴呆症女性患者,还是提供无偿或有偿护理的女性,但痴呆症和长期护理(LTC)的研究和政策往往忽视了性别问题。这项话语分析研究以澳大利亚为案例,在批判性痴呆症、批判性残疾和女权主义学术研究的基础上,探讨了澳大利亚皇家老年护理质量与安全委员会(ACRC)最终报告中关于痴呆症女性患者和痴呆症患者的女性护理伙伴在使用长期护理服务时的经历的表述。本文认为,在 ACRC 的《最终报告》中,性别仍然是与痴呆症有关的一个被忽视的话题。本文发现,女性和痴呆症是根据被动女性的规范性性别脚本共同构建的。尤其是,患有痴呆症的女性在长期护理中所经历的伤害被忽视了,而女性护理伙伴的女性化劳动被认为是理所当然的。ACRC 的最终报告未能解决规范性的性别模式问题,从而巩固而非消除了女性在痴呆症研究和政策中的边缘化地位,错失了解决长期护理中的性别劳动、歧视和伤害问题的良机。最后,本文强调有必要认识到长期护理是关键性痴呆症和女权主义学者与活动家干预和改革交叉方法的关键场所。
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引用次数: 0
Four modes of embodiment in later life 晚年生活的四种体现模式
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101284
Hans-Georg Eilenberger , Jenny Slatman
Today’s social gerontology of the body consists of an archipelago of different ideas and approaches. Social constructionism, phenomenology and other prominent frameworks come with distinctive and often unexamined assumptions about what a body is and does. These assumptions have given rise to competing understandings of key concepts, such as embodiment and the biological/material/physical body. In this paper, we propose an comprehensive approach to embodiment in later life that takes the phenomenological and existential significance of ambiguity as its starting point. Taking ambiguity seriously has the potential to overcome unfruitful conceptual distinctions. We draw on phenomenological philosophy, both in our methodological and theoretical choices. Our findings are based on an interview study that inquired into various aspects of older people’s lived experience (n=16; aged above 65). Our concrete theoretical frame builds on the notion of “bodily responsivity” derived from the work of Bernhard Waldenfels. Analysing the empirical material through the lens of bodily responsivity, we identify four distinct ways in which participants responded to the unfolding of ageing: the “bodily I,” “bodily it,” “bodily you” and “bodily we.”
当今的身体社会老年学由各种不同的观点和方法组成。社会建构主义、现象学和其他著名的框架都对身体是什么和做什么提出了独特的、往往未经审查的假设。这些假设导致了对体现和生物/物质/物理身体等关键概念的不同理解。在本文中,我们提出了一种全面的晚年体现方式,它以模糊性的现象学和存在论意义为出发点。认真对待模糊性有可能克服毫无结果的概念区分。我们在方法论和理论选择上都借鉴了现象学哲学。我们的研究结果基于一项访谈研究,该研究调查了老年人生活经验的各个方面(人数=16;年龄在 65 岁以上)。我们的具体理论框架建立在伯恩哈德-瓦尔登费尔斯(Bernhard Waldenfels)著作中的 "身体反应性 "概念之上。通过身体反应性的视角分析经验材料,我们确定了参与者对老龄化发展做出反应的四种不同方式:"身体上的我"、"身体上的它"、"身体上的你 "和 "身体上的我们"。
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引用次数: 0
“Aging well” in knowledge-intensive service professions in Sweden – The idealization of youth in neoliberal labor markets 瑞典知识密集型服务行业中的 "老有所为"--新自由主义劳动力市场中的青年理想化
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101281
Christian Maravelias
Governments need individuals to be willing and able to work as they age. Yet, studies of older individuals' employability report that labor markets become more rather than less restrictive when it comes to employing older people. The Swedish labor market is a case in point. Recent surveys and governmental reports show that job seekers' employability begins to decrease when they are in their 40s. Through interviews with jobseekers, employer representatives, and human resources and recruitment specialists, the paper examines the employability of older individuals in Sweden. It focuses on knowledge-intensive service occupations, where seniority and age may be considered strengths rather than mere liabilities. It shows that individuals who are proactive about their professional development and strive to ‘age well’ are still excluded from recruitment processes because of their age. Yet, they are not excluded due to ageism in the form of negative prejudice against older job seekers. Rather, they are excluded because employers and recruiters perceive them as being too focused on professional development and lacking the naïve, ‘just-do-it’ mentality of younger job seekers. Furthermore, their professionalism and experience are viewed as factors that make them stand out as potential threats to the managerial hierarchy. Using a governmentality lens, the study contributes to critical research on the intersection of successful aging and employability discourses by addressing a question this research raises but has left unanswered: why are younger job seekers sometimes preferred over older ones, even when employers know they are less skilled, less experienced, and not as proactive or eager to develop professionally? The analysis reveals a rift in the ableism reinforced by the neoliberal discourses on successful aging and employability. While they explicitly emphasize self-governance and proactivity, they implicitly build on individuals' subjection to hierarchical control. The older job seekers match the explicit precepts of the neoliberal discourses yet are excluded because they fail to match the implicit ones. The analysis, therefore, suggests that age is the factor revealing this divide within neoliberal governmentality.
政府需要个人在年老时愿意并能够工作。然而,对老年人就业能力的研究报告显示,劳动力市场在雇用老年人方面的限制越来越多,而不是越来越少。瑞典的劳动力市场就是一个很好的例子。最近的调查和政府报告显示,求职者的就业能力在 40 多岁时开始下降。本文通过对求职者、雇主代表、人力资源和招聘专家的访谈,研究了瑞典老年人的就业能力。研究重点是知识密集型服务职业,在这些职业中,资历和年龄可被视为优势而不仅仅是负担。研究表明,那些积极主动追求职业发展并努力做到 "老有所为 "的人仍然会因为年龄而被排除在招聘过程之外。然而,他们被排除在外并不是因为年龄歧视,即对老年求职者的负面偏见。相反,他们之所以被排除在外,是因为雇主和招聘人员认为他们过于注重专业发展,缺乏年轻求职者那种天真烂漫、"只管做事 "的心态。此外,他们的专业素养和经验也被视为对管理层构成潜在威胁的因素。本研究采用政府性视角,通过解决本研究提出但尚未回答的一个问题:为什么有时年轻求职者比年长求职者更受青睐,即使雇主知道年轻求职者技能较差、经验较少、不那么积极主动或渴望职业发展?分析揭示了新自由主义关于成功老龄化和就业能力的论述所强化的能力主义的裂痕。这些论述在明确强调自我管理和积极主动的同时,也隐含地将个人置于等级控制之下。老年求职者符合新自由主义话语的明示规定,但却因不符合隐含规定而被排除在外。因此,分析表明,年龄因素揭示了新自由主义政府内部的这种分歧。
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引用次数: 0
Social engagement among older women in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 大流行期间新加坡老年妇女的社会参与情况
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101286
Yaqi Yuan , Shun Yuan Yeo , Kristen Schultz Lee
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the lives of people across the globe. Previous studies on the impact of the pandemic in North American contexts have shown that older adults are particularly vulnerable when facing the challenges brought by the pandemic. However, little is known about older women's experiences during the pandemic explicitly. Even less is known about the Asian contexts which are characterized by different beliefs about family, social solidarity, and the role of the government. How did older Singaporean women navigate the restrictions set by the government during the pandemic and what variations in social engagement were observed? To answer these questions, we analyze two rounds of in-depth interviews with 40 Singaporean older women aged 55 and above using a modified grounded theory approach. We identify three patterns of social engagement: decreased and weakened, intensified, and continuity. It was generally those who reported strong networks who either maintained or further intensified their social engagements. As for the sources of social connection, respondents drew primarily on family, but also on friends and other community resources, in seeking social engagement during the pandemic. The findings from our study uncover the variety of ways in which older Singaporean women responded to the constraints imposed on social engagement in the context of a pandemic, and the connections between social resources and social engagement.
COVID-19 大流行扰乱了全球各地人们的生活。以前在北美进行的关于大流行病影响的研究表明,老年人在面对大流行病带来的挑战时尤其脆弱。然而,人们对老年妇女在大流行期间的经历知之甚少。对亚洲情况的了解就更少了,因为亚洲人对家庭、社会团结和政府角色有着不同的信仰。在大流行病期间,新加坡老年妇女是如何应对政府设置的限制的?为了回答这些问题,我们采用改良的基础理论方法,对 40 名 55 岁及以上的新加坡老年妇女进行了两轮深入访谈。我们发现了三种社会参与模式:减少和削弱、加强和持续。一般来说,那些报告了强大网络的人要么保持要么进一步加强其社会参与。至于社会联系的来源,受访者在大流行病期间寻求社会参与时主要依靠家庭,但也依靠朋友和其他社区资源。我们的研究结果揭示了新加坡老年妇女在大流行病背景下应对社会参与限制的各种方式,以及社会资源和社会参与之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Thinking about the future in older age 思考老年人的未来
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101282
Valerie Wright , Melanie Lovatt
Older age is often conceptualised as a stage of life in which the future is considered to be less relevant than the past. This is reflected in literature that emphasises the importance of the past in later life but overlooks the significance of the future. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by analysing narratives that older people write about the future. We do this through secondary analysis of diary entries written by older respondents to the British Mass Observation Project in 1988, in response to a directive about time. The aim of our analysis was to develop conceptual understandings of the relationship between older age and future time. Our thematic analysis identified four main orientations that respondents had towards the future: dreading the future; time running out; taking one day at a time; thinking beyond finitude. Underpinning all of these was a reluctance to contemplate and plan for changes in physical and cognitive health and future care needs, a finding echoed in more recent research. Drawing on critical time perspectives that foreground the fluid, complex and social nature of time, we suggest that reluctance to acknowledge and plan for the future in later life reflects conceptualisations of the future as unpredictable and inseparable from past and present temporalities. This contrasts with more instrumentalist ageing discourses that imply the future can be ‘managed’ from the present. We conclude by calling for a greater repertoire of how we imagine and narrate the future in later life.
老年往往被视为人生的一个阶段,在这个阶段,未来被认为不如过去重要。这反映在一些文献中,它们强调过去在晚年生活中的重要性,却忽视了未来的重要性。本文通过分析老年人关于未来的叙述来填补这一知识空白。我们通过对 1988 年英国大众观察项目的老年受访者根据时间指令所写的日记进行二次分析来实现这一目标。我们分析的目的是要从概念上理解老年人与未来时间之间的关系。我们的主题分析确定了受访者对未来的四种主要取向:害怕未来;时不我待;过一天算一天;超越有限。所有这些取向的基础都是不愿意考虑和规划身体和认知健康的变化以及未来的护理需求,这一结论在最近的研究中得到了回应。我们借鉴了强调时间的流动性、复杂性和社会性的批判性时间观点,认为晚年生活中不愿承认和规划未来反映了对未来的概念化,认为未来是不可预测的,与过去和现在的时间性密不可分。这与那些暗示未来可以从现在开始 "管理 "的工具主义老龄化论述形成了鲜明对比。最后,我们呼吁对晚年生活中的未来进行更多的想象和叙述。
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引用次数: 0
The role of objects in negotiations in convoys of care: Addressing fundamental concerns of informal caregivers 物品在护理车队谈判中的作用:解决非正规护理人员的基本关切
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101283
Leonoor Gräler, Martijn Felder, Hester van de Bovenkamp
Due to an increased policy focus on informal care in many Western countries, professionals and informal caregivers increasingly grow more interdependent. Increased involvement of informal caregivers in professional care has consequences for the work of professionals, the care that is received by care recipients, and the role of informal caregivers. Care needs to be negotiated between them within the dynamic networks of care recipients and caregivers (i.e., “care convoys”). Scant attention has been given to objects as part of these convoys and negotiations. Therefore, in this paper, we answer the question: How do objects become part of and what is their role in the negotiations between healthcare professionals and informal caregivers? We use interview data from 48 participants (care recipients, professionals, informal caregivers, and persons in managerial positions). In the results, we discuss how objects, in terms of their affordances and the values they embody, become important in the relationship between professionals and informal caregivers and how they become part of negotiations on quality of care. We find that seemingly mundane objects become topics of conversation to address more fundamental concerns in how healthcare is organized for and provided to individual care recipients. Our study helps to open the care convoys model to objects as important actors and further understand the politics within care convoys.
由于许多西方国家的政策越来越重视非正规护理,专业人员和非正规护理人员之间的相互依存日益加深。非正规护理人员越来越多地参与专业护理,这对专业人员的工作、护理对象接受的护理以及非正规护理人员的角色都产生了影响。护理工作需要在护理对象和护理人员的动态网络(即 "护理车队")中进行协商。在这些车队和协商中,很少有人关注物品。因此,我们将在本文中回答这个问题:在医护人员与非正式护理人员之间的协商中,物品是如何成为协商的一部分的,它们又扮演着怎样的角色?我们使用了 48 位参与者(护理对象、专业人员、非正式护理人员和管理职位人员)的访谈数据。在研究结果中,我们讨论了物品在专业人员和非正规护理人员之间的关系中是如何变得重要的,以及它们是如何成为护理质量谈判的一部分的。我们发现,看似平凡的物品成为了对话的主题,以解决如何为护理对象组织和提供医疗保健的更基本问题。我们的研究有助于打开护理车队模式,使物品成为重要的参与者,并进一步了解护理车队内部的政治。
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引用次数: 0
Having to ‘go beyond’: Staff perspectives on activity programs for older people living in nursing homes 必须 "超越":工作人员对养老院老年人活动计划的看法
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101279
Linda McAuliffe, Deirdre Fetherstonhaugh, Jo-Anne Rayner, Samantha Clune
Activity programs are run by many nursing homes (also known as residential aged care facilities or long-term care facilities) however little is known about how activities are chosen or how well they meet the needs of residents. The aim of this study was to learn more about activity programs currently offered to older people living in nursing homes in Victoria, Australia. Interviews were undertaken with 13 activities/lifestyle staff working across six nursing homes. Staff were asked about their role and training; how activities were chosen, run, and evaluated; and barriers to providing social participation opportunities for residents. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed six main themes: the role of the activities staff is to make people happy and meet their needs; activities staff largely choose (group based) activities; evaluation of activity programs is mostly informal; activity programs are poorly resourced; staff are often required to ‘go beyond’; and catering to the unique needs of residents is challenging. Given the established importance of social interaction to physical and psychosocial health, it is essential that activity programs and staff are viewed as integral to resident wellbeing; that staff are trained and supported; and that programs are funded and resourced adequately to deliver programs that are person-centred and meet the needs and preferences of residents.
许多养老院(也称老年护理机构或长期护理机构)都开展了活动计划,但对于如何选择活动或活动如何满足院民的需求却知之甚少。本研究旨在进一步了解澳大利亚维多利亚州养老院目前为老年人提供的活动项目。研究人员对六家养老院的 13 名活动/生活方式工作人员进行了访谈。研究人员询问了工作人员的职责和培训情况;如何选择、开展和评估活动;以及为居民提供社会参与机会的障碍。对访谈记录进行的主题分析揭示了六大主题:活动工作人员的职责是让住户开心并满足他们的需求;活动工作人员主要选择(以小组为基础的)活动;对活动项目的评估大多是非正式的;活动项目资源匮乏;工作人员经常被要求 "超越";满足住户的独特需求具有挑战性。鉴于社会交往对身体和心理健康的重要性,必须将活动项目和工作人员视为住客福祉的组成部分;对工作人员进行培训并提供支持;为活动项目提供充足的资金和资源,以提供以人为本、满足住客需求和偏好的活动项目。
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引用次数: 0
Towards a gerontology of everything: A more-than-human perspective 迈向万物老年学:超越人类的视角
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101278
Deborah Lupton
Engaging with the special issue's theme of ‘The growing older of humans, non-humans and more-than-humans’, this commentary provides an overview of how social theory has engaged with the ageing body. Beginning with discussion of initial scholarship in the sociology of the body, the commentary provides thoughts on how more-than-human theory, both ‘old’ and ‘new’ materialisms, can contribute to a deeper understanding of how human bodies age alongside nonhuman living things, situated in place and space. This approach acknowledges the distributed forces, agencies and capacities that are generated with and through the relational encounters of humans with nonhuman agents as they move through the life course. The commentary ends with some suggestions for incorporating a ‘gerontology of everything’ perspective into ageing studies as a step towards more-than-human mutual flourishing.
本评论结合特刊的主题 "人类、非人类和超人类的老龄化",概述了社会理论如何与老龄化身体打交道。评论从讨论身体社会学的初步学术成果开始,探讨了 "新 "和 "旧 "唯物主义的 "超人类 "理论如何有助于深入理解人类身体如何与非人类生物一起衰老,以及如何在地点和空间中衰老。这种方法承认,在人的生命历程中,通过人与非人的接触,产生了分布式的力量、机构和能力。评论最后提出了将 "万物老年学 "视角纳入老龄化研究的一些建议,作为实现超越人类的共同繁荣的一个步骤。
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引用次数: 0
Age enterprising: “Old” age on the make in Ghana 老有所为:加纳的 "老年 "创业
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 GERONTOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101276
Alexandra Crampton , Cati Coe
The Aging Enterprise was first coined by Carol Estes to critique the hegemony of a gerontological discourse and policy in the United States in the 1970s. These policy interventions seemed to be serving the needs of policy-makers and aging professionals, rather than those of older adults. More recently she wrote on how these interventions limited the possibilities of the gerontological imagination and focused attention on “old age” as a social problem. This paper builds on her work and that of Lawrence Cohen to examine the reach of the Aging Enterprise in Ghana, a country with limited state investments in aging. Bringing together two research projects, we are able to make our argument through an examination of aging policy and interventions in the public and private sectors, including across academic institutions, NGOs, churches, and markets. In our analysis, we propose the term age enterprising instead of the Aging Enterprise for three reasons. One, the discourse which situates old age as a problem has not been fully imported to Ghana, but instead becomes adapted to local ways that aging is constructed as a problem. Second, the discourses of age enterprises should not be taken at face value, as their projects can often fail, especially in the short run. Finally, we see a mix of different age enterprises which do not concatenate to create a monolithic force, but which diverge in key ways, thus creating a much more contingent and contradictory set of discourses around aging.
老龄事业(Aging Enterprise)最早是由卡罗尔-埃斯蒂斯(Carol Estes)提出的,旨在批判 20 世纪 70 年代美国老年学话语和政策的霸权。这些政策干预似乎是为了满足政策制定者和老龄问题专业人士的需求,而不是老年人的需求。最近,她撰文论述了这些干预措施如何限制了老年学想象的可能性,并将注意力集中在 "老年 "这一社会问题上。本文以她和劳伦斯-科恩(Lawrence Cohen)的研究成果为基础,探讨老龄化企业在加纳这个国家的影响范围。我们将两个研究项目结合在一起,通过考察公共和私营部门的老龄化政策和干预措施,包括学术机构、非政府组织、教会和市场,来提出我们的论点。在我们的分析中,我们提出了 "老龄企业"(age enterprising)这一术语,而不是 "老龄化企业"(Aging Enterprise),原因有三。其一,将老年作为一个问题的论述并没有完全引入加纳,而是适应了当地将老龄化作为一个问题的构建方式。其次,老龄企业的论述不应该照单全收,因为它们的项目往往会失败,尤其是在短期内。最后,我们看到了不同年龄企业的混合体,它们并没有联合起来形成一股单一的力量,而是在一些关键方面出现了分歧,从而形成了一系列更加偶然和矛盾的老龄化论述。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Aging Studies
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