Meera Rajan , D. Karunanidhi , T. Subramani , B. Preethi
{"title":"Evaluation of fluoride contamination in groundwater and its non-carcinogenic health hazards in a drought-prone river basin of South India","authors":"Meera Rajan , D. Karunanidhi , T. Subramani , B. Preethi","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103714","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present work emphasizes the extend of groundwater pollution in Nagavathi River basin, south India and to study the potential health risks pertaining to the population there. Sixty-eight groundwater samples were collected and tested for various parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, major anions and major cations. The findings infer that the pH of the water ranges from 6.98 to 8.11, indicating that water is alkaline. TDS maximum value of 2401 mg/l indicates the presence of contaminants in the groundwater, and the electrical conductivity of 39.3% samples are above the range of drinking water standards. Based on Piper's diagram, 70.5% of the water samples are mixed CaMgCl type. The samples are classified as rock dominance in Gibb's diagram, which highlights the relationship between rock chemistry and water composition. The Entropy Water Quality Index (EWQI) was computed to calculate the quality of the water, which exhibits 25% of samples represent excellent to good quality, and 29% of samples represent poor water quality. From the spatial distribution map of fluoride, 16.17% of the samples are in the category of extreme risk with >4 mg/l, which can cause detrimental health issues according to WHO. From the outcomes, it is observed that the Total Hazard Index (THI) values for infants, children, teens, females, males were greater than 1. All the age groups in this region are affected due to fluoride, particularly infants and children are more affected. Proper geochemical investigations and treatment of water before consumption are recommended for the study area. In addition, health hazards due to groundwater contamination must be meticulously studied in future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103714"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474706524001724","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The present work emphasizes the extend of groundwater pollution in Nagavathi River basin, south India and to study the potential health risks pertaining to the population there. Sixty-eight groundwater samples were collected and tested for various parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, major anions and major cations. The findings infer that the pH of the water ranges from 6.98 to 8.11, indicating that water is alkaline. TDS maximum value of 2401 mg/l indicates the presence of contaminants in the groundwater, and the electrical conductivity of 39.3% samples are above the range of drinking water standards. Based on Piper's diagram, 70.5% of the water samples are mixed CaMgCl type. The samples are classified as rock dominance in Gibb's diagram, which highlights the relationship between rock chemistry and water composition. The Entropy Water Quality Index (EWQI) was computed to calculate the quality of the water, which exhibits 25% of samples represent excellent to good quality, and 29% of samples represent poor water quality. From the spatial distribution map of fluoride, 16.17% of the samples are in the category of extreme risk with >4 mg/l, which can cause detrimental health issues according to WHO. From the outcomes, it is observed that the Total Hazard Index (THI) values for infants, children, teens, females, males were greater than 1. All the age groups in this region are affected due to fluoride, particularly infants and children are more affected. Proper geochemical investigations and treatment of water before consumption are recommended for the study area. In addition, health hazards due to groundwater contamination must be meticulously studied in future.
期刊介绍：
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth is an international interdisciplinary journal for the rapid publication of collections of refereed communications in separate thematic issues, either stemming from scientific meetings, or, especially compiled for the occasion. There is no restriction on the length of articles published in the journal. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth incorporates the separate Parts A, B and C which existed until the end of 2001.
Please note: the Editors are unable to consider submissions that are not invited or linked to a thematic issue. Please do not submit unsolicited papers.
The journal covers the following subject areas:
-Solid Earth and Geodesy:
(geology, geochemistry, tectonophysics, seismology, volcanology, palaeomagnetism and rock magnetism, electromagnetism and potential fields, marine and environmental geosciences as well as geodesy).
-Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere:
(hydrology and water resources research, engineering and management, oceanography and oceanic chemistry, shelf, sea, lake and river sciences, meteorology and atmospheric sciences incl. chemistry as well as climatology and glaciology).
-Solar-Terrestrial and Planetary Science:
(solar, heliospheric and solar-planetary sciences, geology, geophysics and atmospheric sciences of planets, satellites and small bodies as well as cosmochemistry and exobiology).
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
分享
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
扫码关注我们
