Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103810
Fangbing Xu , Xiaohui Jiang , Lin Zhang , Nuo Chen
Coal mining alters the regional and local hydrogeological conditions and subsurface parameters, significantly impacting the hydrological cycle. Baseflow is particularly sensitive to changes in subsurface parameters and hydrogeological conditions. Therefore, studying the impact of coal mining on baseflow is crucial for understanding its effects on the water cycle. In this paper, 9 segmentation methods are used to separate the baseflow, after the applicability analysis, the Chapman-Maxwell and Boughton-Chapman separation methods were used. The Mann-Kendall and Pettitt tests are employed to determine the mutation years of baseflow. Finally, within the Budyko framework, the elasticity coefficient is calculated to estimate the changes in baseflow attributed to variations in precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and underlying surface index. The results indicate that: (1) Based on the comparison of results and error analysis, we conclude that the Chapman-Maxwell separation method and the Boughton-Chapman separation method are the most suitable for the typical basins in the Shaanxi mining area. (2) During the study period, baseflow experienced a mutation in the late 1990s and showed an overall declining trend. (3) There is spatial heterogeneity in the influence of coal mining activities on baseflow, which has a negative impact. The change of base flow after mutation is −2.86 × 108 m3.
{"title":"Analysis of the impacts of coal mining on baseflow changes under the Budyko framework: A case study of Northern Shaanxi, China","authors":"Fangbing Xu , Xiaohui Jiang , Lin Zhang , Nuo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal mining alters the regional and local hydrogeological conditions and subsurface parameters, significantly impacting the hydrological cycle. Baseflow is particularly sensitive to changes in subsurface parameters and hydrogeological conditions. Therefore, studying the impact of coal mining on baseflow is crucial for understanding its effects on the water cycle. In this paper, 9 segmentation methods are used to separate the baseflow, after the applicability analysis, the Chapman-Maxwell and Boughton-Chapman separation methods were used. The Mann-Kendall and Pettitt tests are employed to determine the mutation years of baseflow. Finally, within the Budyko framework, the elasticity coefficient is calculated to estimate the changes in baseflow attributed to variations in precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and underlying surface index. The results indicate that: (1) Based on the comparison of results and error analysis, we conclude that the Chapman-Maxwell separation method and the Boughton-Chapman separation method are the most suitable for the typical basins in the Shaanxi mining area. (2) During the study period, baseflow experienced a mutation in the late 1990s and showed an overall declining trend. (3) There is spatial heterogeneity in the influence of coal mining activities on baseflow, which has a negative impact. The change of base flow after mutation is −2.86 × 10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>3</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103807
Yichen Liu , Yuchuan Meng , Guodong Liu , Shu Xie
Cascade development alters the natural continuity of rivers in the watershed, thereby altering hydrologic characteristics. Based on the water sampling conducted in September 2020 and June 2021 in the Dadu River basin, Southwestern China, this study reports the influence of cascade development on the stable isotope compositional characteristics of the Dadu River basin and identifies the primary influencing environmental factors. The mean values of δD and δ18O in the waters of the Dadu River basin are −108.41‰, −15.34‰ and −95.88‰, −13.91‰ in September and June, respectively, and the isotopes are more enriched in June. From upstream to downstream, the stable isotopes exhibit an enrichment trend due to evaporation and tributary inflow. Overall, gradual increase in stream water temperature along the Dadu River, and the stable isotopes present a positive correlation with the water temperature. The water body of Dadu River show elevation, latitude, and longitude effect, but changes in latitude and longitude have a smaller effect on stable isotopes. To determine the weight of influences on stable isotopes in reservoir water, we used principal component analysis and found that water temperature was the main influence, while the retention time of the water body in the reservoir area has the smallest influence among the five influencing factors as 12.29%. The study reveals that the cascade development of high dams and large reservoirs affects the hydrological situation of the basin, which in turn causes changes in the ecological environment.
{"title":"Effects of high dams and large reservoirs with cascade development on stable water isotopes","authors":"Yichen Liu , Yuchuan Meng , Guodong Liu , Shu Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cascade development alters the natural continuity of rivers in the watershed, thereby altering hydrologic characteristics. Based on the water sampling conducted in September 2020 and June 2021 in the Dadu River basin, Southwestern China, this study reports the influence of cascade development on the stable isotope compositional characteristics of the Dadu River basin and identifies the primary influencing environmental factors. The mean values of δD and δ<sup>18</sup>O in the waters of the Dadu River basin are −108.41‰, −15.34‰ and −95.88‰, −13.91‰ in September and June, respectively, and the isotopes are more enriched in June. From upstream to downstream, the stable isotopes exhibit an enrichment trend due to evaporation and tributary inflow. Overall, gradual increase in stream water temperature along the Dadu River, and the stable isotopes present a positive correlation with the water temperature. The water body of Dadu River show elevation, latitude, and longitude effect, but changes in latitude and longitude have a smaller effect on stable isotopes. To determine the weight of influences on stable isotopes in reservoir water, we used principal component analysis and found that water temperature was the main influence, while the retention time of the water body in the reservoir area has the smallest influence among the five influencing factors as 12.29%. The study reveals that the cascade development of high dams and large reservoirs affects the hydrological situation of the basin, which in turn causes changes in the ecological environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103803
Arnab Mondal, Rahul Dev Garg
For the last 5 years, Gurgaon a city in India has been facing an issue of urban flooding due to illicit encroachments over the local waterbodies, poor drainage system and increasing rainfall. In this study, Remote sensing data are employed to find the most flooded areas identified using Partial Least Square Regression and 18 new retention ponds are proposed to build a Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) in open space and barren lands. In SWMM, the Urban Drainage System (UDS) model is simulated using 24-h rainfall hyetograph from hourly PERSIANN-CSS rainfall data (yearly rainfall events) and 7-h rainfall hyetograph from half-hourly IMERG Global Precipitation Data (extreme rainfall events) from 2000 to 2023. After comparing both UDS and SuDS in SWMM, it is found that the flood volume has decreased significantly from 240 CMS to 180 CMS (for yearly rainfall) and 500 CMS to 350 CMS (7-h rainfall hyetograph). The study also compares the structural resilience of the drainage system under the conditions of no link failure and single link failure scenarios. In no failure situation, 20% more resilience has been achieved for yearly rainfall and 10% more for extreme rainfall events. In single link failure conditions, SuDS is helping to reach 20–47% resilience for yearly rainfall events and 7–30% resilience for extreme rainfall events. Thus, this study helps to achieve SDGs 11 and 13 to build a resilient and climate-adaptive urban drainage in Gurgaon. The study gives significant insights regarding the competency of urban waterbodies to city planners and policymakers.
{"title":"Assessing the role of sustainable water bodies in urban drainage systems to mitigate urban flooding: A case study of Gurgaon, Haryana, India","authors":"Arnab Mondal, Rahul Dev Garg","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the last 5 years, Gurgaon a city in India has been facing an issue of urban flooding due to illicit encroachments over the local waterbodies, poor drainage system and increasing rainfall. In this study, Remote sensing data are employed to find the most flooded areas identified using Partial Least Square Regression and 18 new retention ponds are proposed to build a Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) in open space and barren lands. In SWMM, the Urban Drainage System (UDS) model is simulated using 24-h rainfall hyetograph from hourly PERSIANN-CSS rainfall data (yearly rainfall events) and 7-h rainfall hyetograph from half-hourly IMERG Global Precipitation Data (extreme rainfall events) from 2000 to 2023. After comparing both UDS and SuDS in SWMM, it is found that the flood volume has decreased significantly from 240 CMS to 180 CMS (for yearly rainfall) and 500 CMS to 350 CMS (7-h rainfall hyetograph). The study also compares the structural resilience of the drainage system under the conditions of no link failure and single link failure scenarios. In no failure situation, 20% more resilience has been achieved for yearly rainfall and 10% more for extreme rainfall events. In single link failure conditions, SuDS is helping to reach 20–47% resilience for yearly rainfall events and 7–30% resilience for extreme rainfall events. Thus, this study helps to achieve SDGs 11 and 13 to build a resilient and climate-adaptive urban drainage in Gurgaon. The study gives significant insights regarding the competency of urban waterbodies to city planners and policymakers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103802
A.E. Volvach, G.S. Kurbasova, L.N. Volvach
Earthquake prediction is currently one of the most pressing problems in the Earth sciences, to a large extent one of the main tasks of physics of the Earth and the most important task of seismology. This paper considers the distinctive features of geomagnetic disturbances observed in the structure of geophysical fields during the development of a seismic process. An analysis of observations of the geomagnetic field at various points on the Earth's surface in connection with an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 and 7.5 that occurred in the region of Turkey on February 06, 2023 was carried out. The process of noise suppression without damaging high-frequency information was carried out using the Multivariate Denoising method.
The analysis of bursts, moments of sharp changes in the oscillation mode was carried out using the wavelet transform method of data at various levels. For the first time, it was proposed to consider the parametric resonance of surface geomagnetic oscillations as a precursor of earthquakes. As the moment of the earthquake onset approaches, regions of pronounced topological similarity of geomagmetic field curves for magnetic variation stations in the interval from 5 to 6 h and then in the interval from 25 to 30 min before the earthquake.
Using the wavelet transform method of data at the geomagnetic station in Simeiz, a picture of the restructuring of the frequency of surface geomagnetic oscillations was obtained before the main shock in Turkey.
{"title":"Parametric resonance of surface geomagnetic waves as a precursor of local earthquakes","authors":"A.E. Volvach, G.S. Kurbasova, L.N. Volvach","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earthquake prediction is currently one of the most pressing problems in the Earth sciences, to a large extent one of the main tasks of physics of the Earth and the most important task of seismology. This paper considers the distinctive features of geomagnetic disturbances observed in the structure of geophysical fields during the development of a seismic process. An analysis of observations of the geomagnetic field at various points on the Earth's surface in connection with an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 and 7.5 that occurred in the region of Turkey on February 06, 2023 was carried out. The process of noise suppression without damaging high-frequency information was carried out using the Multivariate Denoising method.</div><div>The analysis of bursts, moments of sharp changes in the oscillation mode was carried out using the wavelet transform method of data at various levels. For the first time, it was proposed to consider the parametric resonance of surface geomagnetic oscillations as a precursor of earthquakes. As the moment of the earthquake onset approaches, regions of pronounced topological similarity of geomagmetic field curves for magnetic variation stations in the interval from 5 to 6 h and then in the interval from 25 to 30 min before the earthquake.</div><div>Using the wavelet transform method of data at the geomagnetic station in Simeiz, a picture of the restructuring of the frequency of surface geomagnetic oscillations was obtained before the main shock in Turkey.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103809
Faith Jumbi , Julia Glenday , Dominic Mazvimavi
Improving our understanding of streamflow characteristics, water storage, and dominant flowpaths in mountainous regions is important as mountains play a vital role in delivering water to lowlands, particularly in semi-arid areas. This work characterized water sources, flowpaths, and streamflow characteristics in the semi-arid, mountainous Kromme catchment in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Precipitation, shallow and deep groundwater levels, and streamflow data were analysed to identify patterns that indicate the occurrence and/or dominance of certain processes, responses, and flowpaths. Results of the study demonstrated how the catchment responds to rainfall events across seasons and rainfall intensities. Steep and rocky areas that make up much of the catchment contributed to significant flood peaks after high-intensity storms. Quick and slow responses in flow after rainfall events indicated the dominance of both surface and subsurface flowpaths respectively. Furthermore, surface and subsurface flows were significant in recharging the floodplain alluvial aquifer as well as maintaining streamflow during dry periods. Average annual runoff coefficients were low (0.09), which implied large evapotranspiration (ET) withdrawals from dominant flowpaths and/or storage in inactive groundwater. The Kromme catchment has a sizeable floodplain with large alluvial aquifers, which make significant contributions to catchment storage and outflows. Overall, the catchment streamflow was sustained by baseflow (for ∼50% of the time). Recession patterns suggested that the channel receives flow from different storages with the alluvial and bedrock aquifers as main contributors. Flow contributions had different rates with maximum recession periods up to 22 days, indicative of interflow dominance and floodplain drainage. Throughout the monitoring period, the river system was gaining flow at the different monitored sites during both low and high flow conditions. The channel was also gaining from the mountain bedrock through tributary flows and from the alluvial aquifer. A conceptual model of flowpaths and processes at the catchment scale is presented to improve the understanding of catchment scale hydrological processes in a semi-arid meso-scale mountainous environment.
{"title":"Understanding dominant hydrological processes and mechanisms of water flow in a semi-arid mountainous catchment of the Cape Fold Belt","authors":"Faith Jumbi , Julia Glenday , Dominic Mazvimavi","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving our understanding of streamflow characteristics, water storage, and dominant flowpaths in mountainous regions is important as mountains play a vital role in delivering water to lowlands, particularly in semi-arid areas. This work characterized water sources, flowpaths, and streamflow characteristics in the semi-arid, mountainous Kromme catchment in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Precipitation, shallow and deep groundwater levels, and streamflow data were analysed to identify patterns that indicate the occurrence and/or dominance of certain processes, responses, and flowpaths. Results of the study demonstrated how the catchment responds to rainfall events across seasons and rainfall intensities. Steep and rocky areas that make up much of the catchment contributed to significant flood peaks after high-intensity storms. Quick and slow responses in flow after rainfall events indicated the dominance of both surface and subsurface flowpaths respectively. Furthermore, surface and subsurface flows were significant in recharging the floodplain alluvial aquifer as well as maintaining streamflow during dry periods. Average annual runoff coefficients were low (0.09), which implied large evapotranspiration (ET) withdrawals from dominant flowpaths and/or storage in inactive groundwater. The Kromme catchment has a sizeable floodplain with large alluvial aquifers, which make significant contributions to catchment storage and outflows. Overall, the catchment streamflow was sustained by baseflow (for ∼50% of the time). Recession patterns suggested that the channel receives flow from different storages with the alluvial and bedrock aquifers as main contributors. Flow contributions had different rates with maximum recession periods up to 22 days, indicative of interflow dominance and floodplain drainage. Throughout the monitoring period, the river system was gaining flow at the different monitored sites during both low and high flow conditions. The channel was also gaining from the mountain bedrock through tributary flows and from the alluvial aquifer. A conceptual model of flowpaths and processes at the catchment scale is presented to improve the understanding of catchment scale hydrological processes in a semi-arid meso-scale mountainous environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103806
Prachi Palta , Ankur Kumar
This study investigates the impact of various artificial nutrient components, specifically Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and their combination (NPK), on the dielectric properties of soil (ε′ and ε''). The research focuses on examining the physical, chemical, and dielectric properties of soil influenced by different concentrations of these fertilizers, both individually and in combination. Dielectric analysis was performed within the radio and microwave spectrum (200 MHz-14 GHz) using a modified probe arrangement with an Agilent 85070E open-ended coaxial probe and a vector network analyzer.
The results revealed a complex interplay between N, P, K, and NPK concentrations and soil characteristics. The varying chemical compositions significantly altered the soil's physical and chemical properties, as detailed in the tabulated results. Soils treated with K exhibited the highest dielectric parameter (ε′ and ε'') values, followed by P and N and NPK combined. Advanced modeling techniques, including Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Machine Learning (ML), were employed to predict soil dielectric properties (ε′ and ε'') as functions of nutrient concentrations, temperature, and frequency. The RSM models demonstrated high precision, with R2 values of 0.9982, 0.9958, 0.9913, and 0.9962 for ε′ of N, P, K, and NPK, respectively. However, the accuracy of these models decreased for ε''. To address this limitation, various ML regression models were analyzed for ε′ and ε'', yielding high accuracy and enhanced prediction values, with MAE, MSE, RMSE, and R2 scores of 0.378, 0.196, 0.615, and 0.9945 for ε′ and 0.045, 0.0034, 0.212, and 0.95 for ε'', respectively. This research highlights the significant effects of N, P, K, and NPK on soil dielectric behavior, providing valuable insights into nutrient-soil interactions. The findings have practical implications for agricultural practices, offering a non-destructive method to assess soil nutrient levels and optimize fertilization strategies for enhanced crop productivity.
{"title":"Soil dielectric response to chemical fertilizers in Northern India's key agricultural areas","authors":"Prachi Palta , Ankur Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of various artificial nutrient components, specifically Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and their combination (NPK), on the dielectric properties of soil (<em>ε′ and ε''</em>). The research focuses on examining the physical, chemical, and dielectric properties of soil influenced by different concentrations of these fertilizers, both individually and in combination. Dielectric analysis was performed within the radio and microwave spectrum (200 MHz-14 GHz) using a modified probe arrangement with an Agilent 85070E open-ended coaxial probe and a vector network analyzer.</div><div>The results revealed a complex interplay between N, P, K, and NPK concentrations and soil characteristics. The varying chemical compositions significantly altered the soil's physical and chemical properties, as detailed in the tabulated results. Soils treated with K exhibited the highest dielectric parameter (<em>ε′ and ε''</em>) values, followed by P and N and NPK combined. Advanced modeling techniques, including Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Machine Learning (ML), were employed to predict soil dielectric properties (<em>ε′ and ε''</em>) as functions of nutrient concentrations, temperature, and frequency. The RSM models demonstrated high precision, with R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.9982, 0.9958, 0.9913, and 0.9962 for <em>ε′</em> of N, P, K, and NPK, respectively. However, the accuracy of these models decreased for <em>ε''</em>. To address this limitation, various ML regression models were analyzed for <em>ε′ and ε''</em>, yielding high accuracy and enhanced prediction values, with MAE, MSE, RMSE, and R<sup>2</sup> scores of 0.378, 0.196, 0.615, and 0.9945 for <em>ε′</em> and 0.045, 0.0034, 0.212, and 0.95 for <em>ε''</em>, respectively. This research highlights the significant effects of N, P, K, and NPK on soil dielectric behavior, providing valuable insights into nutrient-soil interactions. The findings have practical implications for agricultural practices, offering a non-destructive method to assess soil nutrient levels and optimize fertilization strategies for enhanced crop productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microplastics pose a major threat to the globe due to their increased pollution and concerning effects on biota and humans. Presently, every terrestrial and marine region is affected diversely by microplastic contamination. The most polluted locations are industrialized metropolitan areas and coastal regions with considerable human activity. In this study, we choose representative samples of freshwater, marine, and biota in water, as well as sediments with different levels of microplastic pollution and distinct geographical conditions. For individually chosen aquatic areas and matrices, we reviewed, assessed, and summarised the current microplastic pollution and various methods of microplastic pollution assessment. The highest concentration of microplastics in data collected in Asia was found to be 372 ± 14.3 item/L and 9630 ± 2947 item/kg in the water and sediments of the Mumbai, India, coast. This huge abundance might be generated by human activities near the coastal areas as well as due to migration and tourism. This could also be due to sewage discharge and untreated domestic wastewater that is being dumped into the environment. Consuming of microplastic particles can put humans at risk for cytotoxicity, hypersensitivity, an unwanted immune response, and acute responses such as haemolysis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and neurological conditions. Focusing on pollution status and potential mitigation path for microplastics from freshwater to oceans, we compared the distribution and important characteristics of microplastics in different locations. This study leads researchers to emphasis the reduction of MP pollution in densely populated areas like Asia.
{"title":"Assessing the microplastic pandemic: Prevalence, detection, and human health impacts in Asian aquatic environments","authors":"Kalpana Patidar , Mohammed Alshehri , Wrick Singha , Muneera Alrasheedi , Alaa M. Younis , Umesh Chandra Dumka , Balram Ambade","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics pose a major threat to the globe due to their increased pollution and concerning effects on biota and humans. Presently, every terrestrial and marine region is affected diversely by microplastic contamination. The most polluted locations are industrialized metropolitan areas and coastal regions with considerable human activity. In this study, we choose representative samples of freshwater, marine, and biota in water, as well as sediments with different levels of microplastic pollution and distinct geographical conditions. For individually chosen aquatic areas and matrices, we reviewed, assessed, and summarised the current microplastic pollution and various methods of microplastic pollution assessment. The highest concentration of microplastics in data collected in Asia was found to be 372 ± 14.3 item/L and 9630 ± 2947 item/kg in the water and sediments of the Mumbai, India, coast. This huge abundance might be generated by human activities near the coastal areas as well as due to migration and tourism. This could also be due to sewage discharge and untreated domestic wastewater that is being dumped into the environment. Consuming of microplastic particles can put humans at risk for cytotoxicity, hypersensitivity, an unwanted immune response, and acute responses such as haemolysis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and neurological conditions. Focusing on pollution status and potential mitigation path for microplastics from freshwater to oceans, we compared the distribution and important characteristics of microplastics in different locations. This study leads researchers to emphasis the reduction of MP pollution in densely populated areas like Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103808
Sahib Zada , Muhammad Rafiq , Wasim Sajjad , Muhammad Afzal , Zheng Su , Liu Lihua
In bio-calcification, microbes precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3), forming versatile solid substances that promotes eco-friendly materials and reduce carbon emissions. Marine bacteria can generate bio-cements to strengthen dikes and combat coastal erosion. However, the role of marine bacteria in generating bio-cements for enhancing coastal structures and combating erosion is not fully understood. This study investigates the potential of CaCO₃ precipitating bacteria isolated from methane hydrate-bearing marine sediments. Five calcifying marine bacteria were isolated using Christensen's urea agar from marine sediments collected from Gawadar coastal, Pakistan. Bacterial strains induced CaCO3 precipitation producing urease enzymes. Strains were identified as Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus altitudinis, Vibrio sp., Bacillus sp., and Vibrio plantisponsor. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were applied for the identification and differentiation of calcite and vaterite precipitates. The growth of isolates and precipitation potential were observed optimum at 5% NaCl and pH 9.5–11. Bacillus altitudinis (ST4SD3) and Bacillus sp. (ST4SD1) produced more soluble Ca2+ (8532.53 mg/l and 7581.98 mg/l) as compare to other isolates at higher pH 10 and pH 11, favorable for CaCO3 precipitation. It is concluded that marine ureolytic bacteria possess significant potential for bio-cementation, which can stabilize methane hydrate-bearing sediments, improve soil properties, protect coastal regions from erosion, and crucial in the methane cycle, a greenhouse gas. We recommend further exploration of such bacteria's applications in marine construction and sediment stabilization to enhance the robustness and longevity of coastal infrastructures. Furthermore, such bacteria could also be beneficial in extracting gas from unconsolidated methane hydrates containing sediments.
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of ureolytic calcifying bacteria from methane hydrate-bearing marine sediments for bio-cementation application","authors":"Sahib Zada , Muhammad Rafiq , Wasim Sajjad , Muhammad Afzal , Zheng Su , Liu Lihua","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In bio-calcification, microbes precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>), forming versatile solid substances that promotes eco-friendly materials and reduce carbon emissions. Marine bacteria can generate bio-cements to strengthen dikes and combat coastal erosion. However, the role of marine bacteria in generating bio-cements for enhancing coastal structures and combating erosion is not fully understood. This study investigates the potential of CaCO₃ precipitating bacteria isolated from methane hydrate-bearing marine sediments. Five calcifying marine bacteria were isolated using Christensen's urea agar from marine sediments collected from Gawadar coastal, Pakistan. Bacterial strains induced CaCO<sub>3</sub> precipitation producing urease enzymes. Strains were identified as <em>Pseudomonas putida</em>, <em>Bacillus altitudinis</em>, <em>Vibrio</em> sp., <em>Bacillus</em> sp., and <em>Vibrio plantisponsor</em>. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were applied for the identification and differentiation of calcite and vaterite precipitates. The growth of isolates and precipitation potential were observed optimum at 5% NaCl and pH 9.5–11. <em>Bacillus altitudinis</em> (ST4SD3) and <em>Bacillus</em> sp. (ST4SD1) produced more soluble Ca<sup>2+</sup> (8532.53 mg/l and 7581.98 mg/l) as compare to other isolates at higher pH 10 and pH 11, favorable for CaCO<sub>3</sub> precipitation. It is concluded that marine ureolytic bacteria possess significant potential for bio-cementation, which can stabilize methane hydrate-bearing sediments, improve soil properties, protect coastal regions from erosion, and crucial in the methane cycle, a greenhouse gas. We recommend further exploration of such bacteria's applications in marine construction and sediment stabilization to enhance the robustness and longevity of coastal infrastructures. Furthermore, such bacteria could also be beneficial in extracting gas from unconsolidated methane hydrates containing sediments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103804
Aman Gupta, Bhaskar De
Water resilience is a vital aspect of current smart city planning. Maintaining the quality and volume of urban blue spaces can benefit local ecology, environment, and social well-being. The application of geospatial techniques provides an opportunity to achieve such goals in a spatially and temporally effective manner. While researchers often highlight city-level environmental problems, location-based solutions are insufficient, particularly for the rapidly sprawling Asian cities—the current work aimed to examine the water-resilient urban planning scopes for an Indian tropical megacity. The work assessed a major environmental hazard, i.e., urban heat island, which appeared to cover 9.6 %–17.4 % of the area of the city region during the summer months. The importance of blue spaces in mitigating heat islands was quantified using data from nearly 150 waterbodies, including a river, a vast wetland, and multiple lakes and urban tanks. Linear and logarithmic models established how the cooling effect increases with larger water bodies. Blue space ranging between 1.8 km2 and 2.3 km2 was recommended as the smallest yet effective size for future recreational zones. Incorporating ambient wind patterns further aided in deciding the locations of blue wedges that can be key for heat island mitigation. Moreover, to substantially amplify the blue resource recharge rate in a cost-effective manner, a multi-parameter decision analysis was carried out. Overlay of five surface characteristics contributed to planning sites for surface infiltration systems. The entire framework of the work was built to achieve sustainable development goals.
{"title":"Blue space resilient urban planning to enhance severely distressed thermal environment","authors":"Aman Gupta, Bhaskar De","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water resilience is a vital aspect of current smart city planning. Maintaining the quality and volume of urban blue spaces can benefit local ecology, environment, and social well-being. The application of geospatial techniques provides an opportunity to achieve such goals in a spatially and temporally effective manner. While researchers often highlight city-level environmental problems, location-based solutions are insufficient, particularly for the rapidly sprawling Asian cities—the current work aimed to examine the water-resilient urban planning scopes for an Indian tropical megacity. The work assessed a major environmental hazard, i.e., urban heat island, which appeared to cover 9.6 %–17.4 % of the area of the city region during the summer months. The importance of blue spaces in mitigating heat islands was quantified using data from nearly 150 waterbodies, including a river, a vast wetland, and multiple lakes and urban tanks. Linear and logarithmic models established how the cooling effect increases with larger water bodies. Blue space ranging between 1.8 km<sup>2</sup> and 2.3 km<sup>2</sup> was recommended as the smallest yet effective size for future recreational zones. Incorporating ambient wind patterns further aided in deciding the locations of blue wedges that can be key for heat island mitigation. Moreover, to substantially amplify the blue resource recharge rate in a cost-effective manner, a multi-parameter decision analysis was carried out. Overlay of five surface characteristics contributed to planning sites for surface infiltration systems. The entire framework of the work was built to achieve sustainable development goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103798
Misbah Fida , Peiyue Li , S.M. Khorshed Alam , Jing Ning , Yuanhang Wang , Vetrimurugan Elumalai
Groundwater, an indispensable global resource, faces escalating contamination threats, jeopardizing human health and environmental sustainability. This study offers detailed insights into the quality of the groundwater, its drinking suitability, and associated human health risks in Sargodha City, Pakistan. Employing hydrogeochemical analysis, inverse geochemical modeling, groundwater quality index, and human health risk evaluation, this research highlights widespread exceedances of WHO drinking water standards, particularly in TDS, EC, TH, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42−, Cl−, HCO3−, NO3–N, and As levels, signifying that a significant portion of the groundwater is unfit for consumption. Hydrochemical facies analysis reveals a dominance of the Na–Cl type. Water–rock interactions, cation exchange, and anthropogenic influences are the primary factors shaping groundwater hydrochemistry in the region. Saturation indices and inverse geochemical modeling demonstrated intricate geochemical processes involving both mineral precipitation and dissolution. Notably, the GWQI reveals a diverse spectrum of water quality, with 50% of the samples exhibiting excellent to good quality, 29% falling into the poor to extremely poor category, and 21% deemed unfit for drinking. Health risk assessment reveals alarming carcinogenic risks from As, affecting children (70.8%) and adults (83.35%), while 8.3% of the samples indicate non-carcinogenic risks. Conversely, NO3–N presents acceptable non-carcinogenic risks across all samples. The total hazard index spans between 0.14 and 1.90 for adults and 0.16 to 2.23 for children, underscoring the heightened vulnerability of children. This study advances the understanding of groundwater contamination dynamics in urbanized regions, offering insights to safeguard public health and ensure sustainable water management in areas with similar hydrogeochemical conditions.
{"title":"Groundwater quality in Sargodha City, Pakistan: Comprehensive research of geochemical modeling, groundwater quality assessment, and risk evaluation","authors":"Misbah Fida , Peiyue Li , S.M. Khorshed Alam , Jing Ning , Yuanhang Wang , Vetrimurugan Elumalai","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater, an indispensable global resource, faces escalating contamination threats, jeopardizing human health and environmental sustainability. This study offers detailed insights into the quality of the groundwater, its drinking suitability, and associated human health risks in Sargodha City, Pakistan. Employing hydrogeochemical analysis, inverse geochemical modeling, groundwater quality index, and human health risk evaluation, this research highlights widespread exceedances of WHO drinking water standards, particularly in TDS, EC, TH, Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub>–N, and As levels, signifying that a significant portion of the groundwater is unfit for consumption. Hydrochemical facies analysis reveals a dominance of the Na–Cl type. Water–rock interactions, cation exchange, and anthropogenic influences are the primary factors shaping groundwater hydrochemistry in the region. Saturation indices and inverse geochemical modeling demonstrated intricate geochemical processes involving both mineral precipitation and dissolution. Notably, the GWQI reveals a diverse spectrum of water quality, with 50% of the samples exhibiting excellent to good quality, 29% falling into the poor to extremely poor category, and 21% deemed unfit for drinking. Health risk assessment reveals alarming carcinogenic risks from As, affecting children (70.8%) and adults (83.35%), while 8.3% of the samples indicate non-carcinogenic risks. Conversely, NO<sub>3</sub>–N presents acceptable non-carcinogenic risks across all samples. The total hazard index spans between 0.14 and 1.90 for adults and 0.16 to 2.23 for children, underscoring the heightened vulnerability of children. This study advances the understanding of groundwater contamination dynamics in urbanized regions, offering insights to safeguard public health and ensure sustainable water management in areas with similar hydrogeochemical conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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