{"title":"Removal processes and estrogenic activity of bisphenol—A and triclosan using microalgae","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103670","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of microalgal photoautotrophic treatment on estrogenic activity (EA) and removal process of two emerging contaminants (ECs), bisphenol-A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS), in synthetic wastewater (SWW). The concentration used for BPA (17 mg/L) and TCS (325 μg/L) is the median effective concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>). Two conditions were evaluated, using a microalgae inoculum of ≈300 and ≈500 mg TSS/L (Total Suspended Solids per liter). For BPA, biodegradation was found to be the removal process contributing to the highest percentage removal, reaching >40 % for both initial microalgae inoculum (≈300 and ≈500 mg TSS/L). For TCS, the highest removal process was photodegradation, with >28 % (sum of direct and indirect removal). However, for TCS it was observed that for TSS ≈ 500 mg/L TSS, sorption (adsorption and absorption) increased by ≈17 % with respect to that determined for TSS ≈ 300 mg/L. Microalgae photoautotrophic treatment, using ≈500 mg TSS/L, resulted in a reduction of EA for TCS (by 33 %); but a 1.13-fold increase of EA for BPA. No EA effect of BPA and TCS was observed at ≈300 mg TSS/L. Both treatments resulted in a removal of >95 % of BPA and ≈86 % of TCS. For direct photodegradation, removals of both BPA and TCS were quantified as 3.8 % and 14.4 %, respectively. However, an increase in EA was observed for both ECs (1.79-fold for BPA and 1.23-fold for TCS). Indirect photodegradation resulted in removals of 26.2 % and 14.1 %, respectively. Additionally, EA showed a 2.4-fold increase for BPA, whilst a 17.99 % decrease was observed for TCS. In conclusion, no linear correlation was observed between EA and EC removals. Microalgae photoautotrophic treatment resulted in high removal efficiencies of TCS and BPA, as well as a decreased EA of TCS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211926424002820/pdfft?md5=d82df86c09878a9b6f6788cd472d6940&pid=1-s2.0-S2211926424002820-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211926424002820","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of microalgal photoautotrophic treatment on estrogenic activity (EA) and removal process of two emerging contaminants (ECs), bisphenol-A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS), in synthetic wastewater (SWW). The concentration used for BPA (17 mg/L) and TCS (325 μg/L) is the median effective concentration (EC50). Two conditions were evaluated, using a microalgae inoculum of ≈300 and ≈500 mg TSS/L (Total Suspended Solids per liter). For BPA, biodegradation was found to be the removal process contributing to the highest percentage removal, reaching >40 % for both initial microalgae inoculum (≈300 and ≈500 mg TSS/L). For TCS, the highest removal process was photodegradation, with >28 % (sum of direct and indirect removal). However, for TCS it was observed that for TSS ≈ 500 mg/L TSS, sorption (adsorption and absorption) increased by ≈17 % with respect to that determined for TSS ≈ 300 mg/L. Microalgae photoautotrophic treatment, using ≈500 mg TSS/L, resulted in a reduction of EA for TCS (by 33 %); but a 1.13-fold increase of EA for BPA. No EA effect of BPA and TCS was observed at ≈300 mg TSS/L. Both treatments resulted in a removal of >95 % of BPA and ≈86 % of TCS. For direct photodegradation, removals of both BPA and TCS were quantified as 3.8 % and 14.4 %, respectively. However, an increase in EA was observed for both ECs (1.79-fold for BPA and 1.23-fold for TCS). Indirect photodegradation resulted in removals of 26.2 % and 14.1 %, respectively. Additionally, EA showed a 2.4-fold increase for BPA, whilst a 17.99 % decrease was observed for TCS. In conclusion, no linear correlation was observed between EA and EC removals. Microalgae photoautotrophic treatment resulted in high removal efficiencies of TCS and BPA, as well as a decreased EA of TCS.
期刊介绍:
Algal Research is an international phycology journal covering all areas of emerging technologies in algae biology, biomass production, cultivation, harvesting, extraction, bioproducts, biorefinery, engineering, and econometrics. Algae is defined to include cyanobacteria, microalgae, and protists and symbionts of interest in biotechnology. The journal publishes original research and reviews for the following scope: algal biology, including but not exclusive to: phylogeny, biodiversity, molecular traits, metabolic regulation, and genetic engineering, algal cultivation, e.g. phototrophic systems, heterotrophic systems, and mixotrophic systems, algal harvesting and extraction systems, biotechnology to convert algal biomass and components into biofuels and bioproducts, e.g., nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, animal feed, plastics, etc. algal products and their economic assessment