Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103804
Yali Zhao, Pingwei Gao, Luoxi Tang, Guihong Xiang, Chengfu Sun
The transcription and splicing of the Euglena gracilis (E. gracilis) chloroplast have been studied only on the scale of individual genes, and a comprehensive genome-scale analysis is lacking. We addressed this question in this study using transcriptomic RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. Upon mapping tens of millions of RNA-seq reads onto the E. gracilis chloroplast genome, the transcription of protein-coding genes, including monocistronic genes and genes in operons, was visualized, and the expression levels of these genes were quantified. The splicing of intron-containing genes in the E. gracilis chloroplast genome was also visualized and quantified, with introns, including some twintrons, and exons being clearly discerned. The correct coding sequences of psbD, rpl23 and rpl16 were deduced based on read coverage of the corresponding genes and confirmed experimentally. Additionally, a new group III intron was identified from the 5’ UTR of petB. This study updates our knowledge on the transcription and splicing of the E. gracilis chloroplast, and will be instrumental in the mechanistic exploration of gene transcription and intron splicing in the E. gracilis chloroplast.
对褐飞虱叶绿体转录和剪接的研究仅局限于单个基因的范围，缺乏基因组范围的全面分析。在本研究中，我们利用转录组 RNA 测序（RNA-seq）技术解决了这一问题。在将数千万个 RNA-seq 读数映射到 E. gracilis 叶绿体基因组上后，蛋白质编码基因（包括单核苷酸基因和操作子中的基因）的转录被可视化，这些基因的表达水平也被量化。此外，还对 E. gracilis 叶绿体基因组中含有内含子的基因的剪接进行了可视化和量化，内含子（包括一些双电子）和外显子清晰可辨。根据相应基因的读数覆盖率推断出了 psbD、rpl23 和 rpl16 的正确编码序列，并通过实验得到了证实。此外，还从 petB 的 5' UTR 中发现了一个新的第 III 组内含子。这项研究更新了我们对 E. gracilis 叶绿体转录和剪接的认识，将有助于对 E. gracilis 叶绿体中基因转录和内含子剪接的机理进行探索。
{"title":"Deep sequencing analysis of chloroplast transcription and splicing in Euglena gracilis","authors":"Yali Zhao, Pingwei Gao, Luoxi Tang, Guihong Xiang, Chengfu Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transcription and splicing of the <em>Euglena gracilis</em> (<em>E. gracilis</em>) chloroplast have been studied only on the scale of individual genes, and a comprehensive genome-scale analysis is lacking. We addressed this question in this study using transcriptomic RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. Upon mapping tens of millions of RNA-seq reads onto the <em>E. gracilis</em> chloroplast genome, the transcription of protein-coding genes, including monocistronic genes and genes in operons, was visualized, and the expression levels of these genes were quantified. The splicing of intron-containing genes in the <em>E. gracilis</em> chloroplast genome was also visualized and quantified, with introns, including some twintrons, and exons being clearly discerned. The correct coding sequences of <em>psbD</em>, <em>rpl23</em> and <em>rpl16</em> were deduced based on read coverage of the corresponding genes and confirmed experimentally. Additionally, a new group III intron was identified from the 5’ UTR of <em>petB</em>. This study updates our knowledge on the transcription and splicing of the <em>E. gracilis</em> chloroplast, and will be instrumental in the mechanistic exploration of gene transcription and intron splicing in the <em>E. gracilis</em> chloroplast.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103804"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103796
Aron Ferenczi, Matthew Fellbaum, Yen Peng Chew, Catherine Kidner, Attila Molnar
CRISPR/Cas-based technologies have revolutionized biology, offering a wide range of gene editing and engineering applications due to their diverse enzyme characteristics. Among the CRISPR/Cas nucleases, Cas9, and more recently, Cas12a (formerly known as Cpf1), have been employed in various gene editing applications in many eukaryotes, including the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. To provide a comprehensive picture of their applicability in single-strand templated DNA repair and gene editing, we first mapped their targeting space by analysing their corresponding PAM frequencies, and then compared Cas9 and Cas12a activities by targeting overlapping regions at three independent loci in the Chlamydomonas genome. We identified 8 and 32 times more target sites for Cas9 compared to Cas12a within promoter regions and coding sequences, respectively. We found that Cas9 and Cas12a RNPs- co-delivered with ssODN repair templates- induced similar levels of total editing, achieving as much as 20–30 % in all viably recovered cells. Importantly, the level of precision editing was slightly higher for Cas12a. In contrast, Cas9 alone was able to induce more edits at the FKB12 locus than its Cas12a counterpart, overall making Cas9 the preferable enzyme for genome engineering among the currently available nucleases in C. reinhardtii.
{"title":"Comparison of CRISPR/Cas9 and Cas12a for gene editing in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","authors":"Aron Ferenczi, Matthew Fellbaum, Yen Peng Chew, Catherine Kidner, Attila Molnar","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CRISPR/Cas-based technologies have revolutionized biology, offering a wide range of gene editing and engineering applications due to their diverse enzyme characteristics. Among the CRISPR/Cas nucleases, Cas9, and more recently, Cas12a (formerly known as Cpf1), have been employed in various gene editing applications in many eukaryotes, including the model green alga <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em>. To provide a comprehensive picture of their applicability in single-strand templated DNA repair and gene editing, we first mapped their targeting space by analysing their corresponding PAM frequencies, and then compared Cas9 and Cas12a activities by targeting overlapping regions at three independent loci in the <em>Chlamydomonas</em> genome. We identified 8 and 32 times more target sites for Cas9 compared to Cas12a within promoter regions and coding sequences, respectively. We found that Cas9 and Cas12a RNPs- co-delivered with ssODN repair templates- induced similar levels of total editing, achieving as much as 20–30 % in all viably recovered cells. Importantly, the level of precision editing was slightly higher for Cas12a. In contrast, Cas9 alone was able to induce more edits at the FKB12 locus than its Cas12a counterpart, overall making Cas9 the preferable enzyme for genome engineering among the currently available nucleases in <em>C. reinhardtii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103796"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103795
Cristina Cerdá-Moreno , Silvia Villaró-Cos , Javier Tripiana , Santiago Triviño de las Heras , Joan Tarragona , Tomás Lafarga
The optimal temperature and irradiance to maximise oxygen production were 39.3 °C and 512.5 μmol photons·m−2·s−1, respectively. These values were obtained by photorespirometry, which is a quick method to measure the photosynthetic and respiration rates of microalgae at a laboratory scale. With these conditions, the global oxygen production rate of S. almeriensis was 246.23 mgoxygen·gbiomass−1·h−1. When the culture temperature was controlled at 39.3 °C for 1 h per day, the daily oxygen production capacity of S. almeriensis increased from 3129.5 mgoxygen·gbiomass−1 to 3778.5 mgoxygen·gbiomass−1. However, keeping the temperature at 39.3 °C for a longer time period caused a damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. This was validated using laboratory-scale bubble columns. The damage was reversible when heating the cells for <2 h, but keeping the temperature of the culture at 39.3 °C for 3 h led to an irreversible damage and a 6 % decrease in the photosynthetic performance. Controlling the overheating of microalgal cultures is crucial to maximise growth. In addition, the duration of the exposure to high temperatures should also be included into growth and taken in consideration.
{"title":"Effect of temperature on the oxygen production capacity and growth of scenedesmus almeriensis","authors":"Cristina Cerdá-Moreno , Silvia Villaró-Cos , Javier Tripiana , Santiago Triviño de las Heras , Joan Tarragona , Tomás Lafarga","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optimal temperature and irradiance to maximise oxygen production were 39.3 °C and 512.5 μmol photons·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. These values were obtained by photorespirometry, which is a quick method to measure the photosynthetic and respiration rates of microalgae at a laboratory scale. With these conditions, the global oxygen production rate of <em>S. almeriensis</em> was 246.23 mg<sub>oxygen</sub>·g<sub>biomass</sub><sup>−1</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>. When the culture temperature was controlled at 39.3 °C for 1 h per day, the daily oxygen production capacity of <em>S. almeriensis</em> increased from 3129.5 mg<sub>oxygen</sub>·g<sub>biomass</sub><sup>−1</sup> to 3778.5 mg<sub>oxygen</sub>·g<sub>biomass</sub><sup>−1</sup>. However, keeping the temperature at 39.3 °C for a longer time period caused a damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. This was validated using laboratory-scale bubble columns. The damage was reversible when heating the cells for <2 h, but keeping the temperature of the culture at 39.3 °C for 3 h led to an irreversible damage and a 6 % decrease in the photosynthetic performance. Controlling the overheating of microalgal cultures is crucial to maximise growth. In addition, the duration of the exposure to high temperatures should also be included into growth and taken in consideration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103795"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103794
Wenxiu Yin , Yanyan Zhang , Qin Huang , Yufang Pan , Hanhua Hu
Diatoms, the most species-rich algae, produce the main primary productivity of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Though, genetic transformation has been established in a variety of marine diatoms, genetic modification of freshwater diatoms is still difficult to achieve. Centric diatom Cyclotella is a major genus of freshwater diatoms, and C. meneghiniana is the most well-known and intensively studied species in this genus. In this study, episomal plasmids for C. meneghiniana were constructed, and endogenous promoters of fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding protein 3 gene (Fcp3) or ribosomal protein L14 gene (RL14) were used to drive the expression of blasticidin-S deaminase gene (bsr), enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (eGFP) and β-glucuronidase gene (GUS). The plasmids were introduced into algal cells by bacterial conjugation, and transformants were obtained by screening on solid plates containing 0.2 μg mL−1 blasticidin-S with the transformation efficiency of 9–58 transformants per 106 cells. PCR analysis verified the transfer of the plasmid sequences in the cells, and the fluorescence detection and staining analysis demonstrated that eGFP and GUS proteins were expressed in the cytoplasm, indicating the successful and stable expression of exogenous genes in C. meneghiniana through bacterial conjugation.
{"title":"Genetic transformation of the freshwater diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana via bacterial conjugation","authors":"Wenxiu Yin , Yanyan Zhang , Qin Huang , Yufang Pan , Hanhua Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diatoms, the most species-rich algae, produce the main primary productivity of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Though, genetic transformation has been established in a variety of marine diatoms, genetic modification of freshwater diatoms is still difficult to achieve. Centric diatom <em>Cyclotella</em> is a major genus of freshwater diatoms, and <em>C. meneghiniana</em> is the most well-known and intensively studied species in this genus. In this study, episomal plasmids for <em>C. meneghiniana</em> were constructed, and endogenous promoters of <em>fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding protein 3</em> gene (<em>Fcp3</em>) or <em>ribosomal protein L14</em> gene (<em>RL14</em>) were used to drive the expression of <em>blasticidin-S deaminase</em> gene (<em>bsr</em>), <em>enhanced green fluorescent protein</em> gene (<em>eGFP</em>) and <em>β-glucuronidase</em> gene (<em>GUS</em>). The plasmids were introduced into algal cells by bacterial conjugation, and transformants were obtained by screening on solid plates containing 0.2 μg mL<sup>−1</sup> blasticidin-S with the transformation efficiency of 9–58 transformants per 10<sup>6</sup> cells. PCR analysis verified the transfer of the plasmid sequences in the cells, and the fluorescence detection and staining analysis demonstrated that eGFP and GUS proteins were expressed in the cytoplasm, indicating the successful and stable expression of exogenous genes in <em>C. meneghiniana</em> through bacterial conjugation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103794"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103793
Xiwei Dai , Xin Chen , Ziqian Cheng , Peizhong Wang , Lianjun Sun , Junbo Huang , Xuezhi Zhang , Haiyang Zhang
Flotation is considered the most cost-effective and efficient algae-water separation technology. However, there are various flotation techniques for algae removal, such as coagulation-flotation (CF), foam flotation (FF), and positively charged bubble flotation (PF). It remains unclear which method is most suitable for removing algae from water bodies and under what specific conditions each technique is most effective. This study systematically compares CF, FF, and PF in terms of algal cell removal efficiency, concentration ratio, flotation kinetics, impact on algal cells, removal efficiency of algal organic matter (AOM), microcystins (MC-LR) and disinfection by-products (DBPs), as well as economic cost analysis. CF is better suited for algae removal in water bodies, including drinking water sources, using fixed installations on shore due to its high removal efficiency, high concentration ratio, low chemical dosage, minimal residuals, and low risk of generating DBPs. FF is more appropriate for non-drinking water sources as it can remove algae and further control algal growth; however, its residual CTAB may pose a threat to drinking water safety. PF is most suitable for in situ algae removal within water bodies, primarily because it does not require stirring or coagulation. Instead, modified bubbles can be directly introduced into the algal distribution layer, where they adhere to algal cells, facilitating algae-water separation. All three flotation methods are economically feasible for algae removal. For FF, the costs of chemicals and electricity are nearly equal, while for CF and PF, the primary cost is electricity. This study provides data to support the selection of appropriate flotation technologies for emergency removal of algal blooms in water bodies.
{"title":"A multi-dimensional comparative study on the performance of algae removal using various flotation","authors":"Xiwei Dai , Xin Chen , Ziqian Cheng , Peizhong Wang , Lianjun Sun , Junbo Huang , Xuezhi Zhang , Haiyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flotation is considered the most cost-effective and efficient algae-water separation technology. However, there are various flotation techniques for algae removal, such as coagulation-flotation (CF), foam flotation (FF), and positively charged bubble flotation (PF). It remains unclear which method is most suitable for removing algae from water bodies and under what specific conditions each technique is most effective. This study systematically compares CF, FF, and PF in terms of algal cell removal efficiency, concentration ratio, flotation kinetics, impact on algal cells, removal efficiency of algal organic matter (AOM), microcystins (MC-LR) and disinfection by-products (DBPs), as well as economic cost analysis. CF is better suited for algae removal in water bodies, including drinking water sources, using fixed installations on shore due to its high removal efficiency, high concentration ratio, low chemical dosage, minimal residuals, and low risk of generating DBPs. FF is more appropriate for non-drinking water sources as it can remove algae and further control algal growth; however, its residual CTAB may pose a threat to drinking water safety. PF is most suitable for in situ algae removal within water bodies, primarily because it does not require stirring or coagulation. Instead, modified bubbles can be directly introduced into the algal distribution layer, where they adhere to algal cells, facilitating algae-water separation. All three flotation methods are economically feasible for algae removal. For FF, the costs of chemicals and electricity are nearly equal, while for CF and PF, the primary cost is electricity. This study provides data to support the selection of appropriate flotation technologies for emergency removal of algal blooms in water bodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103793"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In microalgae mass production, co-cultivation with bacteria and biofilm immobilization hold promise, yet challenges persist in biofilm-based cultivation due to weak cohesion under stress. Hence, a novel bio-coating derived from spent medium and cells (extra-/intra-cellular organic matter from Cylindrotheca fusiformis and Escherichia coli) was applied to microporous membrane in submerged and permeated biofilm systems. Results showed a minimum 25 % improvement in biomass productivity (up to 45 g m−2) on bio-coated membranes in permeated system. Mucopolysaccharides in bio-coating facilitated biofilm development and encouraged a 10-fold higher AOM yield (defense mechanism against shearing force) in submerged systems, but biomass productivity was 10 times lower than permeated system. In permeated system, cells on IOM-coated membranes exhibited the highest biomass growth and lipid yield, potentially addressing the biomass-lipid trade-off. Permeated system with low operating cost around 69 $ kg−1 was a viable cultivation approach, presenting an opportunity to optimize microalgae production facilities.
{"title":"Microalgal-bacterial co-cultivation on novel bio-coated supports: Evaluation of growth performance in submerged and permeated biofilm cultivation system with cost-benefit assessment","authors":"C.Y. Tong , Chai Ying Kee , Kohsuke Honda , C.J.C. Derek","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In microalgae mass production, co-cultivation with bacteria and biofilm immobilization hold promise, yet challenges persist in biofilm-based cultivation due to weak cohesion under stress. Hence, a novel bio-coating derived from spent medium and cells (extra-/intra-cellular organic matter from <em>Cylindrotheca fusiformis</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>) was applied to microporous membrane in submerged and permeated biofilm systems. Results showed a minimum 25 % improvement in biomass productivity (up to 45 g m<sup>−2</sup>) on bio-coated membranes in permeated system. Mucopolysaccharides in bio-coating facilitated biofilm development and encouraged a 10-fold higher AOM yield (defense mechanism against shearing force) in submerged systems, but biomass productivity was 10 times lower than permeated system. In permeated system, cells on IOM-coated membranes exhibited the highest biomass growth and lipid yield, potentially addressing the biomass-lipid trade-off. Permeated system with low operating cost around 69 $ kg<sup>−1</sup> was a viable cultivation approach, presenting an opportunity to optimize microalgae production facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103792"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103791
Yali Wang , Wenjie Tian , Zhongjie Wang , Xiaobin Wen , Yeguang Li , Yi Ding
The commercial culture of Haematococcus pluvialis is threatened by the pathogen Paraphysoderma sedebokerense, leading to substantial losses in the natural astaxanthin industry. This study successfully identified a novel H. pluvialis strain WBG-26, which exhibited high resistance to P. sedebokerense in both laboratory and open raceway ponds. Comparative analysis showed that the resistant strain WBG-26 had a thicker cell wall and lower levels of specific monosaccharides which may be closely related to resistance. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed differential gene expression profiles, with 29 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated genes identified as crucial for resistance. Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified several potential resistance genes and resistance-related genes, such as those encoding receptor-like kinases, leucine-rich repeat, transcription factors, CAZymes, and heat shock proteins, which may play critical roles in defense response. This study represents a comprehensive investigation of multiple defense mechanisms of microalgae, providing insights into breeding disease-resistant microalgal strains for biotechnological applications.
{"title":"Identification and characterization of a novel Haematococcus pluvialis strain resistant to Paraphysoderma sedebokerense infection","authors":"Yali Wang , Wenjie Tian , Zhongjie Wang , Xiaobin Wen , Yeguang Li , Yi Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The commercial culture of <em>Haematococcus pluvialis</em> is threatened by the pathogen <em>Paraphysoderma sedebokerense</em>, leading to substantial losses in the natural astaxanthin industry. This study successfully identified a novel <em>H. pluvialis</em> strain WBG-26, which exhibited high resistance to <em>P. sedebokerense</em> in both laboratory and open raceway ponds. Comparative analysis showed that the resistant strain WBG-26 had a thicker cell wall and lower levels of specific monosaccharides which may be closely related to resistance. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed differential gene expression profiles, with 29 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated genes identified as crucial for resistance. Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified several potential resistance genes and resistance-related genes, such as those encoding receptor-like kinases, leucine-rich repeat, transcription factors, CAZymes, and heat shock proteins, which may play critical roles in defense response. This study represents a comprehensive investigation of multiple defense mechanisms of microalgae, providing insights into breeding disease-resistant microalgal strains for biotechnological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103791"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103778
Mert Kolukısaoğlu , Ece Polat , Nurgül Çelik Balcı , Mahmut Altınbaş
A significant increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases over the last century has led to the development of several methods and technologies to remove carbon dioxide (CO2). Microorganisms produce carbonate minerals through the natural mineralization of CO2; however, the feasibility of this process remains in research. This work aimed to study the cultivation of different microalgae under alkaline pH to maintain their potential for carbon mitigation. According to the results, the highest carbonic anhydrase activity has been reached (4.64 mg/g) for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at a pH of 10. C. reinhardtii, at a pH of 9.5, yielded the highest chlorophyll content (23.58 mg/g), while Spirulina at a pH of 8.5 produced the highest biomass (882.9 mg/L). Also, a positive correlation existed between pH and lipid content for C. reinhardtii. Spirulina, however, exhibits the opposite effect. According to a principal component analysis, there is an opposite relationship between pH and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity for C. reinhardtii and filamentous-type cyanobacteria from Salda Lake. The following order of the suitability of the microalgae species for high carbon capture is determined by the Analytic hierarchy process method: Spirulina> C. reinhardtii > Chlorella vulgaris > Coccus-type cyanobacteria > Filamentous-type cyanobacteria from Salda Lake. Additionally, this study provided important results regarding the cyanobacteria species isolated from an alkaline lake, Lake Salda. This would contribute to future studies of carbon capture and carbon mitigation mechanisms.
{"title":"Carbonic anhydrase activity and metabolite variation of different microalgae species at alkaline pHs","authors":"Mert Kolukısaoğlu , Ece Polat , Nurgül Çelik Balcı , Mahmut Altınbaş","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A significant increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases over the last century has led to the development of several methods and technologies to remove carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Microorganisms produce carbonate minerals through the natural mineralization of CO<sub>2</sub>; however, the feasibility of this process remains in research. This work aimed to study the cultivation of different microalgae under alkaline pH to maintain their potential for carbon mitigation. According to the results, the highest carbonic anhydrase activity has been reached (4.64 mg/g) for <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> at a pH of 10. <em>C. reinhardtii</em>, at a pH of 9.5, yielded the highest chlorophyll content (23.58 mg/g), while Spirulina at a pH of 8.5 produced the highest biomass (882.9 mg/L). Also, a positive correlation existed between pH and lipid content for <em>C. reinhardtii</em>. Spirulina, however, exhibits the opposite effect. According to a principal component analysis, there is an opposite relationship between pH and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity for <em>C. reinhardtii</em> and filamentous-type cyanobacteria from Salda Lake. The following order of the suitability of the microalgae species for high carbon capture is determined by the Analytic hierarchy process method: Spirulina> <em>C. reinhardtii</em> > <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> > Coccus-type cyanobacteria > Filamentous-type cyanobacteria from Salda Lake. Additionally, this study provided important results regarding the cyanobacteria species isolated from an alkaline lake, Lake Salda. This would contribute to future studies of carbon capture and carbon mitigation mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103778"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wounds are generally caused by an injury to the skin such as a cut or a puncture. They can be considered in two groups, acute and chronic wounds. Poor wound healing can lead to multiple complications including chronic pain, irritation, unpleasant odours and infections. It is important, therefore, to assist wound healing using suitable treatments as rapidly as possible in order to reduce these complications and improve positive outcomes. Some currently available therapies used in wound care, such as gauzes, steroidal drugs, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and bioengineered cell constructions can lead to negative side effects, limiting their utilization in wound care. With recent advances, nanotechnology has been integrated into wound healing agents, providing an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of skin injuries. Amongst the available metal-containing nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) currently have the greatest potential to be used in wound healing applications due to their strong antimicrobial properties. However, conventional methods of nanoparticle synthesis themselves raise health and environmental concerns due to their use of toxic chemicals and production of harmful waste products.
{"title":"Biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized by microalgae: A comprehensive review of eco-friendly wound healing therapies","authors":"Ming-Li Teoh , Li-Lin Lein , Hazel Jing-Yi Leong , Peter Convey","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wounds are generally caused by an injury to the skin such as a cut or a puncture. They can be considered in two groups, acute and chronic wounds. Poor wound healing can lead to multiple complications including chronic pain, irritation, unpleasant odours and infections. It is important, therefore, to assist wound healing using suitable treatments as rapidly as possible in order to reduce these complications and improve positive outcomes. Some currently available therapies used in wound care, such as gauzes, steroidal drugs, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and bioengineered cell constructions can lead to negative side effects, limiting their utilization in wound care. With recent advances, nanotechnology has been integrated into wound healing agents, providing an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of skin injuries. Amongst the available metal-containing nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) currently have the greatest potential to be used in wound healing applications due to their strong antimicrobial properties. However, conventional methods of nanoparticle synthesis themselves raise health and environmental concerns due to their use of toxic chemicals and production of harmful waste products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103782"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103788
Lijuan Wang , Xiaoyan Liu , Jialin Liu , Tianxiang Zheng , Zhaofeng Wang , Xia Liu , Guanghong Luo
Spirulina maxima (S. maxima) is considered a potential solution to address the issue of human food security. In this study, three drying methods were employed: spray drying (SD), freeze drying (FD), and vacuum drying (VD), to process fresh S. maxima (FS). A comprehensive nutritional evaluation was conducted using principal component analysis and cluster analysis, along with an untargeted metabolomics study. The results indicated that after SD, FD, and VD treatments, the phycocyanin content decreased by 23 %, 9 %, and 80 %, respectively, compared to that of the FS. The polysaccharide content also significantly decreased by 36 %, 33 %, and 67 %, respectively. Comprehensive analysis showed that SD resulted in the least loss of nutritional indicators in S. maxima. Further metabolomics analysis revealed that prolonged exposure to high temperatures can lead to metabolic disruptions in 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, purine metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Additionally, the levels of coproporphyrin I and coproporphyrin III increased which ultimately led to a decrease in chlorophyll and phycocyanin contents. Therefore, VD resulted in the poorest quality of S. maxima. This study provided a theoretical basis for the quality assessment of S. maxima in response to drying.
最大螺旋藻（S. maxima）被认为是解决人类食品安全问题的一种潜在解决方案。本研究采用了三种干燥方法：喷雾干燥法（SD）、冷冻干燥法（FD）和真空干燥法（VD）来处理新鲜的最大螺旋藻（FS）。利用主成分分析和聚类分析以及非靶向代谢组学研究进行了全面的营养评估。结果表明，与 FS 相比，经过 SD、FD 和 VD 处理后，藻蓝蛋白含量分别减少了 23%、9% 和 80%。多糖含量也分别大幅减少了 36%、33% 和 67%。综合分析表明，SD 导致的 S. maxima 营养指标损失最小。进一步的代谢组学分析表明，长期暴露在高温下会导致 2-氧代羧酸代谢、嘌呤代谢、氨基酸生物合成以及淀粉和蔗糖代谢紊乱。此外，共卟啉 I 和共卟啉 III 的含量增加，最终导致叶绿素和藻蓝蛋白含量下降。因此，VD 导致 S. maxima 的品质最差。这项研究为根据干燥情况评估 S. maxima 的质量提供了理论依据。
{"title":"Effects of different drying methods on the nutritional components, microstructure, and metabolomic profile of Spirulina maxima","authors":"Lijuan Wang , Xiaoyan Liu , Jialin Liu , Tianxiang Zheng , Zhaofeng Wang , Xia Liu , Guanghong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Spirulina maxima</em> (<em>S. maxima</em>) is considered a potential solution to address the issue of human food security. In this study, three drying methods were employed: spray drying (SD), freeze drying (FD), and vacuum drying (VD), to process fresh <em>S. maxima</em> (FS). A comprehensive nutritional evaluation was conducted using principal component analysis and cluster analysis, along with an untargeted metabolomics study. The results indicated that after SD, FD, and VD treatments, the phycocyanin content decreased by 23 %, 9 %, and 80 %, respectively, compared to that of the FS. The polysaccharide content also significantly decreased by 36 %, 33 %, and 67 %, respectively. Comprehensive analysis showed that SD resulted in the least loss of nutritional indicators in <em>S. maxima</em>. Further metabolomics analysis revealed that prolonged exposure to high temperatures can lead to metabolic disruptions in 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, purine metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Additionally, the levels of coproporphyrin I and coproporphyrin III increased which ultimately led to a decrease in chlorophyll and phycocyanin contents. Therefore, VD resulted in the poorest quality of <em>S. maxima</em>. This study provided a theoretical basis for the quality assessment of <em>S. maxima</em> in response to drying.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103788"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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