Exploring microbial diversity in the rhizosphere: a comprehensive review of metagenomic approaches and their applications.

IF 2.6 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 3 Biotech Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-06 DOI:10.1007/s13205-024-04065-9
Bhumi Rajguru, Manju Shri, Vaibhav D Bhatt
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Abstract

The rhizosphere, the soil region influenced by plant roots, represents a dynamic microenvironment where intricate interactions between plants and microorganisms shape soil health, nutrient cycling, and plant growth. Soil microorganisms are integral players in the transformation of materials, the dynamics of energy flows, and the intricate cycles of biogeochemistry. Considerable research has been dedicated to investigating the abundance, diversity, and intricacies of interactions among different microbes, as well as the relationships between plants and microbes present in the rhizosphere. Metagenomics, a powerful suite of techniques, has emerged as a transformative tool for dissecting the genetic repertoire of complex microbial communities inhabiting the rhizosphere. The review systematically navigates through various metagenomic approaches, ranging from shotgun metagenomics, enabling unbiased analysis of entire microbial genomes, to targeted sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for taxonomic profiling. Each approach's strengths and limitations are critically evaluated, providing researchers with a nuanced understanding of their applicability in different research contexts. A central focus of the review lies in the practical applications of rhizosphere metagenomics in various fields including agriculture. By decoding the genomic content of rhizospheric microbes, researchers gain insights into their functional roles in nutrient acquisition, disease suppression, and overall plant health. The review also addresses the broader implications of metagenomic studies in advancing our understanding of microbial diversity and community dynamics in the rhizosphere. It serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers, agronomists, and policymakers, offering a roadmap for harnessing metagenomic approaches to unlock the full potential of the rhizosphere microbiome in promoting sustainable agriculture.

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探索根圈微生物多样性:元基因组学方法及其应用综述。
根瘤菌圈是受植物根系影响的土壤区域,是植物与微生物之间复杂互动影响土壤健康、养分循环和植物生长的动态微环境。土壤微生物是物质转化、能量流动动态和生物地球化学复杂循环中不可或缺的角色。大量研究致力于调查不同微生物之间的丰度、多样性和错综复杂的相互作用,以及植物与根瘤菌圈中微生物之间的关系。元基因组学是一套功能强大的技术,已成为剖析根圈中复杂微生物群落基因库的变革性工具。这篇综述系统地介绍了各种元基因组学方法,从可以对整个微生物基因组进行无偏见分析的散弹元基因组学,到用于分类剖析的 16S rRNA 基因定向测序。对每种方法的优势和局限性都进行了严格的评估,使研究人员对其在不同研究环境中的适用性有了细致入微的了解。本综述的一个核心重点是根瘤元基因组学在包括农业在内的各个领域的实际应用。通过解码根瘤微生物的基因组内容,研究人员可以深入了解它们在养分获取、疾病抑制和植物整体健康方面的功能作用。该综述还探讨了元基因组研究在促进我们对根瘤菌层微生物多样性和群落动态的了解方面的广泛影响。它是研究人员、农学家和决策者的综合指南,为利用元基因组学方法释放根圈微生物组在促进可持续农业方面的全部潜力提供了路线图。
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来源期刊
3 Biotech
3 Biotech Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
314
期刊介绍: 3 Biotech publishes the results of the latest research related to the study and application of biotechnology to: - Medicine and Biomedical Sciences - Agriculture - The Environment The focus on these three technology sectors recognizes that complete Biotechnology applications often require a combination of techniques. 3 Biotech not only presents the latest developments in biotechnology but also addresses the problems and benefits of integrating a variety of techniques for a particular application. 3 Biotech will appeal to scientists and engineers in both academia and industry focused on the safe and efficient application of Biotechnology to Medicine, Agriculture and the Environment.
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