3 Biotech最新文献

Recent finding in the field of neurodegenerative disease shows that dysregulation of signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, NF-κB, Wnt/β-Catenin and apoptotic regulator, mitochondrial dysfunction, play pivotal role in the progression of Alzheimer, Parkinson, and other disease. Recent research indicates that disruptions in these interrelated pathways lead to oxidative harm, mitochondrial malfunction, aberrant protein aggregates, synaptic dysfunction, and eventually neuronal death. Numerous naturally occurring bioactive substances, like as genistein, curcumin, luteolin, and others, show great promise in combating these degenerative processes. These compounds improve neuronal survival as well as functional outcomes in laboratory experiments by modulating several signaling targets, restoring PI3K-Akt-mTOR, MAPK-ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, and NF-κB activity, restoring mitochondrial bioenergetics, limiting apoptosis, and reducing amyloid- β, α-synuclein accumulation. Numerous natural compounds with well-defined mechanisms of the actions and multitargeted therapeutic benefits are highlighted by a comprehensive evaluation of the available data, providing reliable and more affordable substitutes for one- target synthetic medicines. Despite its potential, issues including low bioavailability and low translational success persist. Overall, the results highlight the potential of understudied phytochemicals for creating more robust therapies against the development of neurodegenerative diseases and uncover important signaling centers that can be regulated by natural substances.

Fleshing waste, a major hazardous solid waste, can be sustainably managed through its conversion into value-added products, thereby mitigating its environmental footprint. In the present study, fleshing waste was enzymatically hydrolyzed using Bacillus subtilis MTCC 6537 protease and formulated into fleshings extract (FE) by spray drying process and its effectiveness as nitrogen source for various enzyme production was assessed. The spray drying process parameters were standardized by central composite rotatable design (CCRD), a tool of response surface methodology (RSM) and the optimized conditions yielded 96.70% of product recovery with 4.33% moisture content and 824.37 mg/g protein content. The results on chemical characterization of FE using FTIR and ¹H NMR are highly comparable with commercially available nitrogen sources. The potential of the FE as nitrogen source for production of microbial enzymes viz., protease (Bacillus subtilis), urease (Arthrobacter creatinolyticus) and lipase (Cryptococcus sp. and Aspergillus niger) was investigated. The resulting activities of 25.12 U/mL (protease), 17.93 U/mL (urease), 62.52 U/mL (Cryptococcus sp. lipase) and 25.19 U/mL (A. niger lipase) are highly comparable with that of the activities obtained with soyabean meal, meat extract, yeast extract and corn steep liquor as nitrogen sources. Thus, the preparation of nitrogen source from the tannery fleshing waste provides a sustainable solution for its disposal and a viable method for industrial production of enzymes at large scale.

To identify molecular biomarkers associated with both osteoarthritis (OA) pathology and exercise response through multi-omics integration. Bulk RNA-seq, exercise transcriptomics, and single-cell RNA-seq datasets were integrated. Machine learning algorithms, Mendelian randomization, and molecular docking were employed to identify and validate key genes. Single-cell analysis revealed regulatory chondrocytes (RegC) were significantly enriched in OA tissues with enhanced intercellular communication activity. Integration of OA-related genes, exercise-responsive genes, and RegC markers identified 86 overlapping candidates. Machine learning algorithms converged on three key genes: COL8A2, MICAL2, and TNFSF10, all showing significant upregulation in OA across multiple datasets with good diagnostic performance. These genes were specifically expressed in RegC cells and enriched in mechanosensitive pathways including MAPK, TNF, and FoxO signaling. They displayed distinct immune cell correlation patterns and were regulated through complex networks involving competing endogenous RNAs and transcription factors. Mendelian randomization confirmed causal associations between all three genes and OA risk. Molecular docking identified multiple potential therapeutic compounds targeting these genes. Expression upregulation was validated in human OA cartilage samples. Through multi-omics integration analysis, this study identifies COL8A2, MICAL2, and TNFSF10 as genes that are differentially expressed in both OA progression and exercise response. These genes may represent potential molecular links between exercise and OA, warranting further investigation of their regulatory mechanisms.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04685-9.

cAMP receptor protein (CRP) plays an important role in transcriptional regulation in Escherichia coli. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to regulating carbon metabolism, CRP also modulates sulfur metabolism in E. coli. When cultured in M9s medium until glucose depletion, E. coli W3110 produced H₂S, whereas a crp knockout strain did not. We discovered that persulfidation at CRP's Cys179 enhances its specific binding and upregulates the expression of sulfur metabolism-related genes (e.g., tnaA, mstA), thereby affecting production of the signaling molecule H₂S. This suggests CRP can adjust gene expression in response to carbon-sulfur fluctuations under certain conditions. Bioinformatic analyses reveal CRP homologs are widespread among bacteria, implying that CRP's sulfur-sensing ability may be a general mechanism balancing carbon and sulfur metabolism.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04643-5.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13205-025-04363-w.].

This study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects and underlying mechanisms of β-boswellic acid (β-BA) in glioblastoma (GBM). U251 and U87 cells were treated with β-BA, and cell growth, migration/invasion, pyroptosis, and mitochondrial function were evaluated using viability, proliferation, LDH release, immunofluorescence, ultrastructure, and Western blot assays. In vivo efficacy was assessed in a U251 xenograft mouse model. β-BA significantly inhibited GBM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. β-BA induced mitochondrial structural disruption, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and excessive ROS accumulation, which activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and triggered pyroptosis, as evidenced by elevated cleaved Caspase-1, GSDMD-N, and ASC expression. MCC950 partially reversed these effects, confirming NLRP3 involvement. In vivo, β-BA markedly reduced tumor growth and consistently induced mitochondrial damage, NLRP3 activation, pyroptosis execution, decreased Ki-67/PCNA levels, and suppression of EMT progression. β-BA exerts potent anti-GBM activity by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, providing a mechanistic basis for developing β-BA as a promising natural therapeutic candidate for GBM.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04691-x.

Lipids derived from algal biomass are important constituents of biofuels, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and animal feed, inter alia. This necessitates the identification and large-scale production of microalgal species that can serve as the biomass based raw material for the above-mentioned categories of bio-products. In this vein, this review sifts through the literature and describes the most promising microalgal species that synthesize lipids and, when subjected to specific conditions, show enhanced lipid production. Currently, Chlorella sp., Cyclotella sp., Neochloris oleoabundans, and Isochrysis galbana are the species with the highest lipid contents. The review mentions and discusses various bioreactor configurations that can be used for large-scale culturing of these microalgae in a comparative aspect. Various configurations of photobioreactors are suitable for high biomass and lipid productivity. Further, prominent strategies of lipid extraction from microalgae have been elaborated, from conventional techniques to the latest ones, comparing and contrasting their advantages and disadvantages. While solvent-based extractions may have their advantages, it would be prudent to explore more eco-friendly techniques for scale-up. Lastly, the review gives a comprehensive account of the biorefinery approach to culturing microalgae, emphasising the assessment of their economic performance using different software and models, such as the techno-economic assessment model. The application of tools such as multi-criteria decision analysis that assess energy technology could enable better optimization. Microalgae have the potential to be used as a renewable source of fuel and feed; therefore, it is incumbent on the scientific community to significantly reduce production costs while ensuring sustainability.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04620-y.

Chemical inputs in agricultural fields as a pesticides or fertilizers, resulted in huge challenges for the environment, soil fertility, and unsafe agricultural products that increased risk of human health and environmental pollution. Here, we focused on the importance of actinomycetes in agricultural field. Actinomycetes a Gram-positive bacteria and have several functional roles to produce bioactive compounds such as biocontrol agents, biofertilizers, and biopesticides. Due to the overloading demand of food and the emergence of new plant pathogens, the current agriculture practices often heavily rely on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Therefore, actinomycetes could play a significant role as Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPM) that ability to fix N₂, produce ACC deaminase, siderophore, IAA, solubilize potassium and phosphorus, as well as HCN and several antibiotic productions, which helps to reduce the use of agrochemicals (chemical fertilizers and pesticides). These PGPMs can provide environment friendly solutions for crop protection and improvement. Beyond agriculture, actinomycetes also have the ability to synthesize an array of metabolites that suppress plant pathogens, promote plant growth, and contribute to the soil health, making them valuable in sustainable farming practices. Commercially, actinomycete-based formulations are increasingly utilization in vegetable production and other agricultural systems as substitutes for synthetic inputs. Many studies published on actinomycetes that highlighted their role in synthesizing pharmaceutically relevant compounds such as antibiotics, antifungal and anti-cancerous compounds for large-scale industrial applications. In this review, we tried to summarize the functional attributes of actinomycetes for industrial as well as agriculture applications.

Plant-developed biogenic formulation of nanoparticles (NPs) is increasingly becoming a main trend in science dealing with materials or as specified as sustainable nano-medicines. A large portion of the ongoing nano-science studies are devoted to the bio-evoked eco-friendly bio-material due to their extensive pertinency. To achieve this end, copper oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized according to an environmentally sound approach employing Syzygium aromaticum leaf infusion. Such materials are consumed as the internal reducing agent while not utilizing coarse chemical substances or unusual heat. The derived NPs also get balanced by the bio molecular covering. This synthesis is specified through various analytical tools (including FT-IR, FE-SEM, and so forth as well as UV-Vis spectroscopy. The biological aspects were the focus of a recent study. The MTT test was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of CuO NPs on HUVEC and NCI-H661 cancer cells during a 48-h period. After being exposed to CuO NPs, the cancer cell showed a reduction in viability, with an IC50 value of 96 µg/mL. An in-depth experiment of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway exhibited that CuO NPs influence apoptosis and cell proliferation in NCI-H661 cells through the modulation of the pathway. The pathway may play a role in the inhibition of the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis triggered by CuO NPs. Therefore, CuO nanoparticles may be a useful natural anti-cancer treatment.

Pullulanase specifically hydrolyzes α-1,6-glycosidic bonds and is widely used in industry. In this study, a pullulanase PulA (GenBank: CAA04522.1) from Thermotoga maritima MSB8 was targeted with the aim of enhancing its thermostability by altering its hydrogen bond networks, hydrophobic packing, and disulfide bonds. Three mutants of PulA, created via site-directed mutagenesis, designated as M1 (E191G), M2 (G500M), and M3 (R727C), were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The melting temperatures of these mutants, elucidated by differential scanning fluorimetry, were 77.4 °C, 77.9 °C, and 78.6 °C, respectively, in contrast to the original PulA's melting temperature of 76.5 °C. Mutants M2 and M3 retained more than 80% of their original activity after incubation at 80 °C for 1 h. The Km of these mutants, elucidated by double reciprocal mapping method, were 0.25,0.13,0.16, respectively, in contrast to the original PulA's Km of 0.14. The disulfide bond mutant M3 exhibited improved thermostability and specific activity. A spatial analysis revealed that the mutated residue favored disulfide geometry, reducing the electrostatic repulsion between charged amino acids and improving the structural integrity. This study demonstrated that the molecular structure modification of pullulanase effects the stability significantly.