Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04146-9
Kashish Gupta, Varun Kumar Sharma
Biosurfactants, naturally produced by plants and microorganisms, closely mimic synthetic surfactants in physiochemical properties, making them valuable alternatives in various applications. They serve as antimicrobial agents and play a crucial role in immune regulations. These compounds find wide use in industries like food processing, biodegradation, pharmaceuticals, and naturally present in the skin, brain, lungs, and gut, maintaining membrane permeability for organ health. This review outlines the basic characteristics and classes of biosurfactants (glycolipids, lipopeptides, phospholipids, and glycoproteins) and explores their biomedical importance, emphasizing their anti-adhesive, antimicrobial, and immune-modulating properties. This review aimed to provide outline the fundamental characteristics of biosurfactants and deliver a brief overview of their different classes, including glycolipids, lipopeptides, phospholipids, and glycoproteins. Furthermore, this review also explore their biomedical significance, highlighting their anti-adhesive, antimicrobial, and immune-modulating properties.
{"title":"Cutting-edge perspectives on biosurfactants: implications for antimicrobial and biomedical applications.","authors":"Kashish Gupta, Varun Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04146-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04146-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biosurfactants, naturally produced by plants and microorganisms, closely mimic synthetic surfactants in physiochemical properties, making them valuable alternatives in various applications. They serve as antimicrobial agents and play a crucial role in immune regulations. These compounds find wide use in industries like food processing, biodegradation, pharmaceuticals, and naturally present in the skin, brain, lungs, and gut, maintaining membrane permeability for organ health. This review outlines the basic characteristics and classes of biosurfactants (glycolipids, lipopeptides, phospholipids, and glycoproteins) and explores their biomedical importance, emphasizing their anti-adhesive, antimicrobial, and immune-modulating properties. This review aimed to provide outline the fundamental characteristics of biosurfactants and deliver a brief overview of their different classes, including glycolipids, lipopeptides, phospholipids, and glycoproteins. Furthermore, this review also explore their biomedical significance, highlighting their anti-adhesive, antimicrobial, and immune-modulating properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 12","pages":"297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11554964/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04142-z
Kelly Lima de Oliveira, José Lucas da Silva Oliveira, Egídia Andrade Moraes, Kelma Maria Dos Santos Pires Cavalcante, Mona Lisa Moura de Oliveira, Carlúcio Roberto Alves
Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Monoraphidium sp were cultivated in effluent from the household appliance industry as an alternative medium for bioremediation due to the high variability of chemical and biological substances in wastewater. The experiments were carried out using biological effluent (BE), chemical effluent (CE), and a combination of the two (MIX). The results showed a maximum biomass yield of 1056 mg/L (± 0.216) in the BE cultivation of the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus, 969 mg/L (± 0.20) in the BE of the microalga Monoraphidium sp. and 468 mg/L (± 0.46) in the CE of Chlorella vulgaris. In addition, they showed removal (100%) in the CE and MIX for cultivation with Chlorella vulgaris and 100% BE and 75% MIX with Monoraphidium sp. For the (75.3%, 99% e 97.9%) in the cultures with C. vulgaris BE, CE, and MIX respectively, with Monoraphidium sp. 58% in BE and 42% in CE and MIX. With S. obliquus, 100% removal was observed in all 3 treatments. Metal removal was also observed. The C. vulgaris culture showed lipid contents of 16%, 12%, and 17% for BE, CE, and MIX, respectively. For Monoraphidium sp., 14.5% for BE, 16% for CE, and 14% for MIX. In the culture of S. obliquus, 17%, 15.5%, and 16.5% for BE, CE, and MIX, respectively.
由于废水中的化学和生物物质变化很大,因此在家电行业的废水中培养了微藻类小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、钝顶藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)和藻单胞菌(Monoraphidium sp),作为生物修复的替代介质。实验使用了生物废水(BE)、化学废水(CE)和两者的组合(MIX)。结果表明,在 BE 中培养微藻 Scenedesmus obliquus 的最大生物量产量为 1056 mg/L(± 0.216),在 BE 中培养微藻 Monoraphidium sp.的最大生物量产量为 969 mg/L(± 0.20),在 CE 中培养 Chlorella vulgaris 的最大生物量产量为 468 mg/L(± 0.46)。此外,在培养绿藻的 CE 和 MIX 中,N O 3 - 的去除率为 100%;在培养单藻类的 BE 和 MIX 中,N O 3 - 的去除率分别为 100%和 75%;在培养绿藻的 BE、CE 和 MIX 中,P O 3 4 - 的去除率分别为 75.3%、99% 和 97.9%;在培养单藻类的 BE 中,去除率为 58%;在 CE 和 MIX 中,去除率为 42%。对于 S. obliquus,在所有 3 种处理中均观察到 100%的去除率。还观察到了金属去除率。在 BE、CE 和 MIX 中,C. vulgaris 培养物的脂质含量分别为 16%、12% 和 17%。而对于 Monoraphidium sp.,BE 为 14.5%,CE 为 16%,MIX 为 14%。在 S. obliquus 的培养物中,BE、CE 和 MIX 的脂质含量分别为 17%、15.5% 和 16.5%。
{"title":"Cultivation of microalgae <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>, <i>Monoraphidium</i> sp and <i>Scenedesmus obliquus</i> in wastewater from the household appliance industry for bioremediation and biofuel production.","authors":"Kelly Lima de Oliveira, José Lucas da Silva Oliveira, Egídia Andrade Moraes, Kelma Maria Dos Santos Pires Cavalcante, Mona Lisa Moura de Oliveira, Carlúcio Roberto Alves","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04142-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-024-04142-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgae <i>Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Monoraphidium</i> sp were cultivated in effluent from the household appliance industry as an alternative medium for bioremediation due to the high variability of chemical and biological substances in wastewater. The experiments were carried out using biological effluent (BE), chemical effluent (CE), and a combination of the two (MIX). The results showed a maximum biomass yield of 1056 mg/L (± 0.216) in the BE cultivation of the microalga <i>Scenedesmus obliquus,</i> 969 mg/L (± 0.20) in the BE of the microalga <i>Monoraphidium</i> sp. and 468 mg/L (± 0.46) in the CE of <i>Chlorella vulgaris.</i> In addition, they showed <math><mrow><mi>N</mi> <msubsup><mi>O</mi> <mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow> <mo>-</mo></msubsup> </mrow> </math> removal (100%) in the CE and MIX for cultivation with <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> and 100% BE and 75% MIX with <i>Monoraphidium</i> sp<i>.</i> For the <math><mrow><mi>P</mi> <msubsup><mi>O</mi> <mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>4</mn> <mo>-</mo></mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </math> (75.3%, 99% e 97.9%) in the cultures with <i>C. vulgaris</i> BE, CE, and MIX respectively, with <i>Monoraphidium</i> sp. 58% in BE and 42% in CE and MIX. With <i>S. obliquus</i>, 100% removal was observed in all 3 treatments. Metal removal was also observed. The <i>C. vulgaris</i> culture showed lipid contents of 16%, 12%, and 17% for BE, CE, and MIX, respectively. For <i>Monoraphidium</i> sp., 14.5% for BE, 16% for CE, and 14% for MIX. In the culture of <i>S. obliquus,</i> 17%, 15.5%, and 16.5% for BE, CE, and MIX, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 12","pages":"294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11550306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04140-1
Ravi Gowthami, P E Rajasekharan, Subhash Chander, Muthusamy Shankar, Vartika Srivastava, Anuradha Agrawal
Cryopreservation serves as an invaluable technique for safeguarding the genetic diversity of plants and various organisms, while also facilitating fundamental biological research. Despite notable advancements in this field, the cryopreservation of certain cell types and tissues remains challenging, particularly those that exhibit sensitivity to low temperatures. Two-celled pollen is a promising model system for the study of cryopreservation. By exploring the cryopreservation of two-celled pollen, deeper insights can be gained into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cryoinjury and recovery. This knowledge can be used to develop new and improved cryopreservation protocols for a wider range of cell types and tissues. It is relatively simple, consisting of only two cells, and it is relatively easy to cryopreserve and culture. In addition to its potential for improving cryopreservation technologies, the study of two-celled pollen cryopreservation can also shed light on fundamental biological processes such as cell division, development, and stress tolerance. By unlocking the mysteries of two-celled pollen cryopreservation, we can gain a deeper understanding of nature's inner workings. This article reviews examples of studies that have successfully used two-celled pollen cryopreservation, highlighting key findings and discoveries enabled by this technique as case studies.
{"title":"Cryopreservation of two-celled pollen: a model system for studying the cellular mechanisms of cryoinjury and recovery.","authors":"Ravi Gowthami, P E Rajasekharan, Subhash Chander, Muthusamy Shankar, Vartika Srivastava, Anuradha Agrawal","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04140-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-024-04140-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryopreservation serves as an invaluable technique for safeguarding the genetic diversity of plants and various organisms, while also facilitating fundamental biological research. Despite notable advancements in this field, the cryopreservation of certain cell types and tissues remains challenging, particularly those that exhibit sensitivity to low temperatures. Two-celled pollen is a promising model system for the study of cryopreservation. By exploring the cryopreservation of two-celled pollen, deeper insights can be gained into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cryoinjury and recovery. This knowledge can be used to develop new and improved cryopreservation protocols for a wider range of cell types and tissues. It is relatively simple, consisting of only two cells, and it is relatively easy to cryopreserve and culture. In addition to its potential for improving cryopreservation technologies, the study of two-celled pollen cryopreservation can also shed light on fundamental biological processes such as cell division, development, and stress tolerance. By unlocking the mysteries of two-celled pollen cryopreservation, we can gain a deeper understanding of nature's inner workings. This article reviews examples of studies that have successfully used two-celled pollen cryopreservation, highlighting key findings and discoveries enabled by this technique as case studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 12","pages":"304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11574238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04125-0
Achasih Q Nkemzi, Kunle Okaiyeto, Omolola Oyenihi, Chinyerum S Opuwari, Okobi E Ekpo, Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju
The current research involved the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using an aqueous extract of Helichrysum cymosum shoots, and subsequent characterization via different analytical methods, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and zeta potential. The biological effects of the ZnO-NPs were then tested against C3A hepatocyte cells and L6 myocyte cell lines via series of analysis, including cytotoxicity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effect via enzymatic inhibition. The UV-Vis analysis showed a maximum absorption spectrum at 360, and the TEM analysis reveals a spherical and hexagonal structures, with an average dimension of 28.05-58.3 nm, and the XRD reveals a crystalline hexagonal structure. The zeta potential evaluation indicated that the ZnO-NPs are relatively stable at - 20 mV, and the FTIR analysis identified some important functional group associated with phenolics, carboxylic acid, and amides that are responsible for reducing and stabilizing the ZnO-NPs. The synthesized ZnO-NPs demonstrated cytotoxic effects on the cell lines at higher concentrations (125 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL), complicating the interpretation of the results of the inflammatory and antioxidant assays. However, there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the inhibitions of pancreatic lipase, alpha-glucosidase, and alpha-amylase, indicating beneficial antidiabetic effects.
{"title":"Antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity potentials of green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of <i>Helichrysum cymosum</i>.","authors":"Achasih Q Nkemzi, Kunle Okaiyeto, Omolola Oyenihi, Chinyerum S Opuwari, Okobi E Ekpo, Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04125-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04125-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current research involved the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using an aqueous extract of <i>Helichrysum cymosum</i> shoots, and subsequent characterization via different analytical methods, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and zeta potential. The biological effects of the ZnO-NPs were then tested against C3A hepatocyte cells and L6 myocyte cell lines via series of analysis, including cytotoxicity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effect via enzymatic inhibition. The UV-Vis analysis showed a maximum absorption spectrum at 360, and the TEM analysis reveals a spherical and hexagonal structures, with an average dimension of 28.05-58.3 nm, and the XRD reveals a crystalline hexagonal structure. The zeta potential evaluation indicated that the ZnO-NPs are relatively stable at - 20 mV, and the FTIR analysis identified some important functional group associated with phenolics, carboxylic acid, and amides that are responsible for reducing and stabilizing the ZnO-NPs. The synthesized ZnO-NPs demonstrated cytotoxic effects on the cell lines at higher concentrations (125 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL), complicating the interpretation of the results of the inflammatory and antioxidant assays. However, there was a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in the inhibitions of pancreatic lipase, alpha-glucosidase, and alpha-amylase, indicating beneficial antidiabetic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 12","pages":"291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04141-0
Pasquale Tripodi, Rosa D'Alessandro, Annalisa Cocozza, Gabriele Campanelli
Understanding the genetic diversity of crops is of fundamental importance for the efficient use and improvement of germplasm resources. Different molecular genotyping systems have been implemented for population structure and phylogenetic relationships analyses, among which, microsatellites (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers have been the most widely used. This study reports the efficacy of SNPs detected via double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) and SSRs analyzed via capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-resolution melting (HRM) in tomato. In total, 21,020 high-quality SNPs, 20 CE-SSRs, and 17 HRM-SSR markers were assayed in a panel of 72 accessions that included a diversified set of landraces, long-shelf-life cultivars and heirlooms with different origins and fruit typology. The results showed how the population structure analysis was consistent using the three genotyping methods, although SNPs were more efficient in distinguishing cultivar types and in measuring the degree of accessions' similarity. Compared to CE-SSR, the analysis of microsatellites via HRM yielded a slightly higher number of alleles (98 vs. 96). HRM-SSR demonstrated a distinction between European and non-European germplasm, better resolving the collection's diversity and being more consistent with SNP data. Phylogenetic trees drawn with independent marker data, detected specific groups of accessions showing robust clusters, highlighting how heirlooms were less heterogeneous than landraces. In addition, the fixation index (FST ) revealed a high genetic differentiation between heirlooms and long-shelf-life cultivars, with SNP and SSR-HRM data emphasizing the distinction between cherry and plum types and CE-SSR data between cherry and oxheart types. In all instances, a greater molecular variance was found within the different considered biological statuses, provenances, and typologies rather than among them. This work presents the first attempt to compare the three tomato genotyping techniques in tomato. Findings highlighted how the markers used are complementary for genetic diversity analysis, with SNPs providing better insight and HRM-SSR as a viable alternative to capillary electrophoresis to dissect the genetic structure.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04141-0.
了解作物的遗传多样性对于有效利用和改良种质资源至关重要。目前已有不同的分子基因分型系统用于种群结构和系统发育关系分析,其中微卫星(SSR)和单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)标记应用最为广泛。本研究报告了番茄中通过双酶切限制性位点相关 DNA 测序(ddRADseq)检测的 SNPs 以及通过毛细管电泳(CE)和高分辨率熔融(HRM)分析的 SSRs 的功效。在一个由 72 个品种组成的小组中,共检测了 21,020 个高质量 SNPs、20 个 CE-SSR 和 17 个 HRM-SSR 标记,这些品种包括不同来源和果实类型的多样化陆生品种、长货架期栽培品种和传家品种。结果表明,尽管 SNP 在区分栽培品种类型和衡量加入品系的相似程度方面更有效,但使用这三种基因分型方法进行的种群结构分析是一致的。与 CE-SSR 相比,通过 HRM 分析微卫星得到的等位基因数量略高(98 对 96)。HRM-SSR 显示了欧洲种质与非欧洲种质之间的区别,更好地解析了收集的多样性,并与 SNP 数据更加一致。利用独立标记数据绘制的系统发育树检测到了特定的入选种群,显示出强大的聚类,突出了传家宝的异质性低于陆生品系。此外,固定指数(F ST)显示了传家宝和长货架期栽培品种之间的高度遗传分化,SNP 和 SSR-HRM 数据强调了樱桃和李子类型之间的区别,而 CE-SSR 数据则强调了樱桃和牛心类型之间的区别。在所有情况下,不同生物状态、产地和类型之间的分子差异更大。这项研究首次尝试对三种番茄基因分型技术进行比较。研究结果凸显了所使用的标记在遗传多样性分析中的互补性,SNPs 提供了更好的洞察力,HRM-SSR 是毛细管电泳剖析遗传结构的可行替代方法:在线版本包含补充材料,可查阅 10.1007/s13205-024-04141-0。
{"title":"Dissecting the genetic diversity of cultivated tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) germplasm resources: a comparison of ddRADseq genotyping and microsatellite analysis via capillary electrophoresis and high-resolution melting.","authors":"Pasquale Tripodi, Rosa D'Alessandro, Annalisa Cocozza, Gabriele Campanelli","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04141-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-024-04141-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the genetic diversity of crops is of fundamental importance for the efficient use and improvement of germplasm resources. Different molecular genotyping systems have been implemented for population structure and phylogenetic relationships analyses, among which, microsatellites (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers have been the most widely used. This study reports the efficacy of SNPs detected via double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) and SSRs analyzed via capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-resolution melting (HRM) in tomato. In total, 21,020 high-quality SNPs, 20 CE-SSRs, and 17 HRM-SSR markers were assayed in a panel of 72 accessions that included a diversified set of landraces, long-shelf-life cultivars and heirlooms with different origins and fruit typology. The results showed how the population structure analysis was consistent using the three genotyping methods, although SNPs were more efficient in distinguishing cultivar types and in measuring the degree of accessions' similarity. Compared to CE-SSR, the analysis of microsatellites via HRM yielded a slightly higher number of alleles (98 vs<i>.</i> 96). HRM-SSR demonstrated a distinction between European and non-European germplasm, better resolving the collection's diversity and being more consistent with SNP data. Phylogenetic trees drawn with independent marker data, detected specific groups of accessions showing robust clusters, highlighting how heirlooms were less heterogeneous than landraces. In addition, the fixation index (<i>F</i> <sub><i>ST</i></sub> ) revealed a high genetic differentiation between heirlooms and long-shelf-life cultivars, with SNP and SSR-HRM data emphasizing the distinction between cherry and plum types and CE-SSR data between cherry and oxheart types. In all instances, a greater molecular variance was found within the different considered biological statuses, provenances, and typologies rather than among them. This work presents the first attempt to compare the three tomato genotyping techniques in tomato. Findings highlighted how the markers used are complementary for genetic diversity analysis, with SNPs providing better insight and HRM-SSR as a viable alternative to capillary electrophoresis to dissect the genetic structure.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04141-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 12","pages":"296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11550310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04131-2
Leandro Silva de Oliveira, Douglas Machado Leite, Fabíola Magalhães Mendes, Letícia Vaz Molinari, Gilvano Ebling Brondani, Antônio Natal Gonçalves, Marcilio de Almeida
Micropropagation is an important tool for the propagation for recalcitrant species, like Eucalyptus cloeziana. This is a first reported about a complete study of the E. cloeziana, it includes the vegetative rescue protocol of mature trees, its micropropagation up to the implementation of a mini-garden and clonal micro-garden and evaluation of adventitious rooting of their propagules. The in vitro rejuvenation of E. cloeziana genotypes (03, 05, 06, 13 and 15), over 21 successive subcultures, was evaluated by comparing minicutting and microcutting techniques and the efficiency of this biotechnological tool for cloning of the mature trees. The results provide evidence of the in vitro rejuvenation occurring in the mature E. cloeziana trees during micropropagation, leading to increases in the multiplication ratios of the microstumps of three genotypes (03, 05 and 15). The survival and callogenesis percentages of the mini and microcuttings of E. cloeziana were higher than 80% upon exiting of the greenhouse (30-days old) in the three cutting times. The results suggesting that factors beyond tissue maturity influence the adventitious rooting of the E. cloeziana because minicuttings and microcuttings of the 05 and 13 elite genotypes exhibited rooting percentages lower than 20%. These findings provided a theoretical basis for realizing the micropropagation of the epicormic shoots of the mature trees and, subsequently, its in vitro rejuvenation by axillary bud proliferation.
微繁殖是繁殖桉树等顽固树种的重要工具。本文首次报道了对无花果桉树的完整研究,包括成熟树木的无性繁殖拯救方案、微繁殖直至小型花园和克隆微花园的实施,以及对其繁殖体不定根的评估。通过比较微型栽培和微切技术,评估了 E. cloeziana 基因型(03、05、06、13 和 15)在连续 21 次亚培养过程中的离体再生情况,以及这种生物技术手段在克隆成熟树木方面的效率。结果证明,在微繁殖过程中,成熟的 E. cloeziana 树体发生了离体再生,导致三个基因型(03、05 和 15)的微桩繁殖率增加。在三个扦插时间中,小插穗和微插穗在离开温室(30 天)时的存活率和胼胝发生率均高于 80%。由于 05 和 13 个精英基因型的迷你插条和微插条的生根率均低于 20%,这些结果表明组织成熟度以外的因素会影响 E. cloeziana 的不定根。这些发现为实现成熟树木外植体芽的微繁殖,以及随后通过腋芽增殖使其在体外返老还童提供了理论依据。
{"title":"Micropropagation and in vitro rejuvenation of <i>Eucalyptus cloeziana</i> F. Muell.","authors":"Leandro Silva de Oliveira, Douglas Machado Leite, Fabíola Magalhães Mendes, Letícia Vaz Molinari, Gilvano Ebling Brondani, Antônio Natal Gonçalves, Marcilio de Almeida","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04131-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-024-04131-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micropropagation is an important tool for the propagation for recalcitrant species, like <i>Eucalyptus cloeziana.</i> This is a first reported about a complete study of the <i>E. cloeziana</i>, it includes the vegetative rescue protocol of mature trees, its micropropagation up to the implementation of a mini-garden and clonal micro-garden and evaluation of adventitious rooting of their propagules. The in vitro rejuvenation of <i>E. cloeziana</i> genotypes (03, 05, 06, 13 and 15), over 21 successive subcultures, was evaluated by comparing minicutting and microcutting techniques and the efficiency of this biotechnological tool for cloning of the mature trees. The results provide evidence of the in vitro rejuvenation occurring in the mature <i>E. cloeziana</i> trees during micropropagation, leading to increases in the multiplication ratios of the microstumps of three genotypes (03, 05 and 15). The survival and callogenesis percentages of the mini and microcuttings of <i>E. cloeziana</i> were higher than 80% upon exiting of the greenhouse (30-days old) in the three cutting times. The results suggesting that factors beyond tissue maturity influence the adventitious rooting of the <i>E. cloeziana</i> because minicuttings and microcuttings of the 05 and 13 elite genotypes exhibited rooting percentages lower than 20%. These findings provided a theoretical basis for realizing the micropropagation of the epicormic shoots of the mature trees and, subsequently, its in vitro rejuvenation by axillary bud proliferation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 12","pages":"292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04135-y
Shatabdi Basu, Pragnya Biswas, Mariya Anto, Nandini Singh, Koel Mukherjee
Over the years, nanotechnology has gained popularity as a viable solution to address gene and drug delivery challenges over conventional methods. Extensive research has been conducted on nanosystems that consist of organic/inorganic materials, drugs, and its biocompatibility become the primary goal of improving drug delivery. Various surface modification methods help focus targeted and controlled drug release, further enabling multidrug delivery also. This newer technology ensures the stability of drugs that can unravel the mechanisms involved in cellular processes of disease development and its management. Tailored medication delivery provides benefits such as therapy, controlled release, and reduced adverse effects, which are especially important for controlling illnesses like cancer. However, multifunctional nanocarriers that possess high viscoelasticity, extended circulation half-life, biocompatibility, and biodegradability face some challenges and limitations too in human bodies. To produce a consistent therapeutic platform based on complex three-dimensional nanoparticles, careful design and engineering, thorough orthogonal analysis methods, and reproducible scale-up and manufacturing processes will be required in the future. Safety and effectiveness of nano-based drug delivery should be thoroughly investigated in preclinical and clinical trials, especially when considering biodistribution, targeting specific areas, and potential immunological toxicities. Overall, the current review article explores the advancements in nanotechnology, specific to nanomaterial-enabled drug delivery systems, carrier fabrication techniques and modifications, disease management, clinical research, applications, limitations, and future challenges. The work portrays how nanomedicine distribution affects healthcare with an emphasis on the developments in drug delivery techniques.
{"title":"Nanomaterial-enabled drug transport systems: a comprehensive exploration of current developments and future avenues in therapeutic delivery.","authors":"Shatabdi Basu, Pragnya Biswas, Mariya Anto, Nandini Singh, Koel Mukherjee","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04135-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04135-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the years, nanotechnology has gained popularity as a viable solution to address gene and drug delivery challenges over conventional methods. Extensive research has been conducted on nanosystems that consist of organic/inorganic materials, drugs, and its biocompatibility become the primary goal of improving drug delivery. Various surface modification methods help focus targeted and controlled drug release, further enabling multidrug delivery also. This newer technology ensures the stability of drugs that can unravel the mechanisms involved in cellular processes of disease development and its management. Tailored medication delivery provides benefits such as therapy, controlled release, and reduced adverse effects, which are especially important for controlling illnesses like cancer. However, multifunctional nanocarriers that possess high viscoelasticity, extended circulation half-life, biocompatibility, and biodegradability face some challenges and limitations too in human bodies. To produce a consistent therapeutic platform based on complex three-dimensional nanoparticles, careful design and engineering, thorough orthogonal analysis methods, and reproducible scale-up and manufacturing processes will be required in the future. Safety and effectiveness of nano-based drug delivery should be thoroughly investigated in preclinical and clinical trials, especially when considering biodistribution, targeting specific areas, and potential immunological toxicities. Overall, the current review article explores the advancements in nanotechnology, specific to nanomaterial-enabled drug delivery systems, carrier fabrication techniques and modifications, disease management, clinical research, applications, limitations, and future challenges. The work portrays how nanomedicine distribution affects healthcare with an emphasis on the developments in drug delivery techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 12","pages":"289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boosting the immune system has become a crucial aspect in the global battle against the COVID-19 pandemic and other similar infections to protect oneself against symptoms, especially in the prevention of viral infections of the lower respiratory tract. The importance of conducting more studies to create successful herbal formulations as infection prevention measures is emphasized in this review, which looks at the function of immune-boosting nutrients, medicinal plants, and herbal treatments. We reviewed and analyzed 207 studies published from 1946 to the present using reputable databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, and NCBI. The review examined 115 plant species in total and identified 12 key nutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, and zinc, while noting that four plant families, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Amaryllidaceae, and Acanthaceae, show potential against respiratory infections like influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV. To lower the risk of infection, it is recommended to consume nutritious meals that have immune-modulating qualities. Information on the bioactive components of medicinal herbs, spices, and plants that have been effective in treating respiratory viral infections and related conditions is compiled in this review, which highlights phytoactive substances with antibacterial and antiviral activity as effective modulators to lower the risk of infections. Furthermore, it is highlighted that ancient knowledge systems, like Ayurveda and Naturopathy, should be integrated to help develop new herbal formulations. To improve immunity and lessen vulnerability to serious respiratory infections, the results highlight the need for including immune-modulating foods and plant-based medicines into everyday routines.
{"title":"Plant resources for immunonutrients and immunomodulators to combat infectious respiratory viral diseases: a review.","authors":"Sobha Kota, Anand Kumar Nelapati, Vayunandana Rao Govada","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04143-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04143-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Boosting the immune system has become a crucial aspect in the global battle against the COVID-19 pandemic and other similar infections to protect oneself against symptoms, especially in the prevention of viral infections of the lower respiratory tract. The importance of conducting more studies to create successful herbal formulations as infection prevention measures is emphasized in this review, which looks at the function of immune-boosting nutrients, medicinal plants, and herbal treatments. We reviewed and analyzed 207 studies published from 1946 to the present using reputable databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, and NCBI. The review examined 115 plant species in total and identified 12 key nutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, and zinc, while noting that four plant families, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Amaryllidaceae, and Acanthaceae, show potential against respiratory infections like influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV. To lower the risk of infection, it is recommended to consume nutritious meals that have immune-modulating qualities. Information on the bioactive components of medicinal herbs, spices, and plants that have been effective in treating respiratory viral infections and related conditions is compiled in this review, which highlights phytoactive substances with antibacterial and antiviral activity as effective modulators to lower the risk of infections. Furthermore, it is highlighted that ancient knowledge systems, like Ayurveda and Naturopathy, should be integrated to help develop new herbal formulations. To improve immunity and lessen vulnerability to serious respiratory infections, the results highlight the need for including immune-modulating foods and plant-based medicines into everyday routines.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 12","pages":"302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04137-w
P Sujith, J Rajesh Singh, S Jayalakshmi, Karthikeyan Kandaswamy, Mohammed Rafi Shaik, Shaik Althaf Hussain, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari, Ajay Guru
A metagenomic library consisting of 15,000 clones was constructed from the mangrove sediment. An antimicrobially active clone from the metagenomic library PS49 was identified by function- based screening. This paper presents the results of the biochemical characterization and metagenomic library screening of the marine-derived antibiotic, 8-demethoxy-10-deoxysteffimycin. Plasmid libraries were constructed, and clones were produced using a metagenomic approach. Out of 15,000 clones, 81 clones were screened for antimicrobial activity, and five potential clones were selected. The activity of one clone was characterized and named as PS49. The bioactive compounds from the selected clone were checked for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. The clone PS49 was tested against various pathogens including bacteria and fungi and it showed inhibitory effects against all the tested pathogens. The antimicrobially active fractions were then crystallized and subjected to spectroscopic analysis such as FTIR, NMR and LC-MS analysis. The substance from clone PS49 has finally been recognized, and the compound from clone PS49 has been identified as 8-demethoxy-10-deoxysteffimycin. The substances isolated from the PS49 clone exhibited strong anticancer activity against skin cancer-cell lines SK-MEL2. The compounds showed a reduction in cell viability with an increase in the compound concentration. The compounds obtained from clone PS49 showed an IC50 value of 85 µg/ml.
{"title":"Metagenomics approaches in the discovery and development of new bioactive compound of 8-demethoxy-10-deoxysteffimycin from mangrove sediments.","authors":"P Sujith, J Rajesh Singh, S Jayalakshmi, Karthikeyan Kandaswamy, Mohammed Rafi Shaik, Shaik Althaf Hussain, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari, Ajay Guru","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04137-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04137-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A metagenomic library consisting of 15,000 clones was constructed from the mangrove sediment. An antimicrobially active clone from the metagenomic library PS49 was identified by function- based screening. This paper presents the results of the biochemical characterization and metagenomic library screening of the marine-derived antibiotic, 8-demethoxy-10-deoxysteffimycin. Plasmid libraries were constructed, and clones were produced using a metagenomic approach. Out of 15,000 clones, 81 clones were screened for antimicrobial activity, and five potential clones were selected. The activity of one clone was characterized and named as PS49. The bioactive compounds from the selected clone were checked for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. The clone PS49 was tested against various pathogens including bacteria and fungi and it showed inhibitory effects against all the tested pathogens. The antimicrobially active fractions were then crystallized and subjected to spectroscopic analysis such as FTIR, NMR and LC-MS analysis. The substance from clone PS49 has finally been recognized, and the compound from clone PS49 has been identified as 8-demethoxy-10-deoxysteffimycin. The substances isolated from the PS49 clone exhibited strong anticancer activity against skin cancer-cell lines SK-MEL2. The compounds showed a reduction in cell viability with an increase in the compound concentration. The compounds obtained from clone PS49 showed an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 85 µg/ml.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 12","pages":"303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11570573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04148-7
Ning Tang, Nuojin Geng, Xinhua Zhu
This study aims to elucidate the mechanism by which Xihuang Pill induces pyroptosis in glioma cells via the regulation of miR-21-5p. Human glioma cell lines U-87 and LN-229 were used as experimental models to assess the effects of Xihuang Pill on glioma pyroptosis. Cells were incubated with Xihuang Pill extract at concentrations of 7.5, 15, and 30 µg/mL for 24 h, alongside transfection with miR-21-5p mimic, an overexpression vector for STAT3, or incubation with 50 µg/mL of the STAT3 activator Colivelin for 4 h. Cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and expression levels of p-STAT3/STAT3 and pyroptosis-related proteins were determined by Western Blot. Additionally, cleaved caspase-1 was assessed by immunofluorescence, miR-21-5p expression by qRT-PCR, and STAT3 binding to the miR-21-5p promoter region by ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Results showed that Xihuang Pill significantly reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, and upregulated the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins such as NLRP3, IL-1β, cleaved caspase-1, and GSDMD-N, while reducing p-STAT3/STAT3 and miR-21-5p levels (P < 0.05). Xihuang Pill inhibited STAT3 activation, which modulated miR-21-5p expression by binding to its promoter region. Co-transfection with miR-21-5p mimic reversed the effect of Xihuang Pill on glioma pyroptosis (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Xihuang Pill promotes glioma cell pyroptosis through the STAT3/miR-21-5p pathway.
本研究旨在阐明西黄丸通过调控miR-21-5p诱导胶质瘤细胞热休克的机制。以人胶质瘤细胞株U-87和LN-229为实验模型,评估西黄丸对胶质瘤热休克的影响。用浓度为7.5、15和30微克/毫升的西黄丸提取物培养细胞24小时,同时转染miR-21-5p模拟物、STAT3过表达载体或用50微克/毫升的STAT3激活剂Colivelin培养4小时。细胞活力用 CCK-8 法测定,细胞凋亡用流式细胞术检测,p-STAT3/STAT3 和热凋亡相关蛋白的表达水平用 Western 印迹法测定。此外,免疫荧光法检测了裂解的caspase-1,qRT-PCR法检测了miR-21-5p的表达,ChIP和双荧光素酶报告实验检测了STAT3与miR-21-5p启动子区域的结合。结果表明,西黄丸能明显降低细胞活力,增加细胞凋亡,上调NLRP3、IL-1β、裂解的caspase-1和GSDMD-N等细胞凋亡相关蛋白的表达,同时降低p-STAT3/STAT3和miR-21-5p水平(P<0.05)。
{"title":"Evaluation of Xihuang Pill in inducing pyroptosis in glioma cells through modulation of miR-21-5p.","authors":"Ning Tang, Nuojin Geng, Xinhua Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04148-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-024-04148-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to elucidate the mechanism by which Xihuang Pill induces pyroptosis in glioma cells via the regulation of miR-21-5p. Human glioma cell lines U-87 and LN-229 were used as experimental models to assess the effects of Xihuang Pill on glioma pyroptosis. Cells were incubated with Xihuang Pill extract at concentrations of 7.5, 15, and 30 µg/mL for 24 h, alongside transfection with miR-21-5p mimic, an overexpression vector for STAT3, or incubation with 50 µg/mL of the STAT3 activator Colivelin for 4 h. Cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and expression levels of p-STAT3/STAT3 and pyroptosis-related proteins were determined by Western Blot. Additionally, cleaved caspase-1 was assessed by immunofluorescence, miR-21-5p expression by qRT-PCR, and STAT3 binding to the miR-21-5p promoter region by ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Results showed that Xihuang Pill significantly reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, and upregulated the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins such as NLRP3, IL-1β, cleaved caspase-1, and GSDMD-N, while reducing p-STAT3/STAT3 and miR-21-5p levels (P < 0.05). Xihuang Pill inhibited STAT3 activation, which modulated miR-21-5p expression by binding to its promoter region. Co-transfection with miR-21-5p mimic reversed the effect of Xihuang Pill on glioma pyroptosis (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Xihuang Pill promotes glioma cell pyroptosis through the STAT3/miR-21-5p pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 12","pages":"295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11550298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}