Assessing the legal, illegal, and gray ornamental trade of the critically endangered helmeted hornbill

IF 5.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Conservation Biology Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI:10.1111/cobi.14358
Chloe E. R. Hatten, Yok Yok Hadiprakarsa, Jack Y. K. Lam, Janice Mak, Pavel Toropov, Caroline Dingle
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Abstract

Monitoring wildlife trade dynamics is an important initial step for conservation action and demand reduction campaigns to reduce illegal wildlife trade. Studies often rely on one data source to assess a species’ trade, such as seizures or the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) trade data. Each database provides useful information but is often incomplete. Combining information from multiple sources helps provide a more complete understanding of trade. A recent rapid increase in demand for helmeted hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil) casques (a brightly colored, solid keratinous rostrum) led to its uplisting to critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List in 2015. However, there is little current information on what factors influence trade trends and what current levels of demand are. We combined data from CITES, seizure records, and previously underused, yet abundant, art and antique auction data to examine the global trade in helmeted hornbill casque products (HHPs). Three decades of auction data revealed that 1027 individual HHPs had been auctioned since 1992; total auction sales were over US$3 million from 1992 to 2021. The number of HHPs auctioned was greatest from 2011 to 2014, just after the global art boom (2009–2011), followed by a decline in volume and price. The auction data also revealed 2 possible markets for HHPs: true antique and speculative, defined by era, price, and trade patterns. Trends in illegal trade matched those of the auction market, but legal trade remained consistently low. Combining data sources from legal, illegal, and gray markets provided an overview of the dynamics of illegal trade in an endangered species. This approach can be applied to other wildlife markets to provide a more complete understanding of trade and demand at the market level to inform future demand reduction campaigns.

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评估极度濒危的盔犀鸟的合法、非法和灰色观赏贸易。
监测野生动植物贸易动态是开展保护行动和减少需求运动以减少非法野生动植物贸易的重要第一步。研究通常依赖一种数据来源来评估一个物种的贸易情况,如缉获量或濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES)贸易数据。每个数据库都能提供有用的信息,但往往不完整。综合多种来源的信息有助于更全面地了解贸易情况。最近,头盔犀鸟(Rhinoplax vigil)casques(一种色彩鲜艳的固体角质喙)的需求迅速增加,导致其于 2015 年被列入《国际自然保护联盟红色名录》的极度濒危名单。然而,目前关于影响贸易趋势的因素以及当前需求水平的信息很少。我们将来自《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》的数据、缉获记录以及以前未得到充分利用但却十分丰富的艺术品和古董拍卖数据结合起来,对全球头盔犀鸟皮套产品(HHPs)的贸易情况进行了研究。三十年的拍卖数据显示,自1992年以来,共有1027件HHP被拍卖;从1992年到2021年,拍卖总额超过300万美元。2011年至2014年,即全球艺术繁荣期(2009-2011年)刚结束时,拍卖的HHP数量最多,随后数量和价格均有所下降。拍卖数据还揭示了HHPs的两个可能市场:真正的古董市场和投机市场,这两个市场由年代、价格和交易模式决定。非法交易的趋势与拍卖市场的趋势一致,但合法交易的趋势始终较低。将合法、非法和灰色市场的数据源结合起来,可以大致了解一种濒危物种的非法贸易动态。这种方法可应用于其他野生动物市场,以便更全面地了解市场层面的贸易和需求,为未来的减少需求活动提供信息。
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来源期刊
Conservation Biology
Conservation Biology 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
12.70
自引率
3.20%
发文量
175
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Conservation Biology welcomes submissions that address the science and practice of conserving Earth's biological diversity. We encourage submissions that emphasize issues germane to any of Earth''s ecosystems or geographic regions and that apply diverse approaches to analyses and problem solving. Nevertheless, manuscripts with relevance to conservation that transcend the particular ecosystem, species, or situation described will be prioritized for publication.
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