Telemedicine's Hesitant Reception Among Digital Natives: A Cluster Analysis of Polish Students' Attitudes.

Abstract

Objective: As digital natives appear to be the most suitable target group for technological innovations, we tested this notion by analyzing their attitude toward the implementation of telemedicine in Poland. Methods: An online survey was conducted from April to October 2021, yielding responses from 475 university students on their experience with teleconsultations, which are an essential part of telemedicine. Satisfaction-related questions were used to perform cluster analysis, and subsequently, clusters were compared based on significant differences in responses including sociodemographic and utilization patterns. Open-ended questions were analyzed to further gauge the rationale behind the demonstrated attitude. Results: The responses were polarized. In the cluster analysis, on one side were the "Skeptics" and "Enemies," who shared negative opinions on professionalism and convenience, differing only in their assessment of intangible skills. On the other side were the "Enthusiasts," who were satisfied in all categories; the "Indifferent," who lacked strong opinions; and the "Time-pressed," who, while openly admitting its drawbacks, were highly likely to continue using it due to its time-saving potential. Recurring concerns in open-ended questions focused on unreliable diagnoses and uncooperative administrative personnel. Conclusions: The reception was polarized. The split in answers suggests that administrative problems were limited to some providers, indicating they should be possible to overcome. There is a clear pattern that telemedicine is seen as an incomplete service. However, many would happily continue to use it due to its convenience and time-saving benefits.