Growth, spectroscopy and 2 μm laser operation of monoclinic Tm3+:ZnWO4 crystal

IF 3.8 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Optical Materials Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116039

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Abstract

We report on the crystal growth, polarized spectroscopy, and laser operation of monoclinic Tm³⁺, Na⁺(Li⁺) codoped zinc monotungstate (ZnWO₄) crystals. The Li⁺ codoping with an optimized Tm/Li ratio enables almost complete local charge compensation leading to better crystal quality, higher Tm segregation coefficient, and longer luminescence lifetime and ultimately the demonstration of laser operation. The modified Judd-Ofelt theory was employed to calculate the Tm³⁺ transition probabilities yielding a radiative lifetime of the ³F₄ state of 2.59 ms. The corresponding intensity parameters are Ω₂ = 5.194, Ω₄ = 0.658, Ω₆ = 0.471 [10⁻²⁰ cm²] and α = 0.110 [10⁻⁴ cm]. Tm,Li:ZnWO₄ features strongly polarized emission spectra extending beyond 2 μm owing to a large total Stark splitting of the ground-state, ΔE (³H₆) = 644 cm⁻¹. The stimulated-emission cross-section in this spectral range reaches 0.47 × 10⁻²⁰ cm² at 2015 nm for light polarization E || N_p. The continuous-wave Tm,Li:ZnWO₄ laser generated 282 mW at 1.98 μm with a slope efficiency of 14.7 %, and laser emission at 2.03 μm was also achieved.

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单斜 Tm3+:ZnWO4 晶体的生长、光谱学和 2 μm 激光操作

我们报告了单斜 Tm3+、Na+(Li+) 共掺单钨酸锌（ZnWO4）晶体的晶体生长、偏振光谱和激光操作。通过优化 Tm/Li 比率的 Li+ 共掺，可实现几乎完全的局部电荷补偿，从而获得更好的晶体质量、更高的 Tm 偏析系数和更长的发光寿命，并最终实现激光操作。利用修正的 Judd-Ofelt 理论计算 Tm3+ 转变概率，得出 3F4 状态的辐射寿命为 2.59 毫秒。相应的强度参数为 Ω2 = 5.194、Ω4 = 0.658、Ω6 = 0.471 [10-20 cm2] 和 α = 0.110 [10-4 cm]。Tm,Li:ZnWO4 的强极化发射光谱延伸到 2 μm 以上，这是由于基态的总斯塔克分裂很大，ΔE (3H6) = 644 cm-1。在 2015 nm 波长处，当光偏振 E || Np 时，该光谱范围内的受激发射截面达到 0.47 × 10-20 cm2。连续波 Tm,Li：ZnWO4 激光器在 1.98 μm 波长处产生了 282 mW 的功率，斜率效率为 14.7%，在 2.03 μm 波长处也实现了激光发射。

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来源期刊

Optical Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.60

自引率

12.80%

发文量

1265

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Optical Materials has an open access mirror journal Optical Materials: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. The purpose of Optical Materials is to provide a means of communication and technology transfer between researchers who are interested in materials for potential device applications. The journal publishes original papers and review articles on the design, synthesis, characterisation and applications of optical materials. OPTICAL MATERIALS focuses on: • Optical Properties of Material Systems; • The Materials Aspects of Optical Phenomena; • The Materials Aspects of Devices and Applications. Authors can submit separate research elements describing their data to Data in Brief and methods to Methods X.