Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116838
G.A. Hamoud , G.N. Kamaev , M. Vergnat , V.A. Volodin
The structural and photosensitive properties of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures based on germanosilicate (GeSixOy) films, obtained by co-evaporation of silicon dioxide and germanium dioxide and deposited on a n-type silicon substrate with silicon oxide as a thin tunnel layer, have been studied. The responsivity properties of the MIS structures were obtained over a wide wavelength range from 278 to 1100 nm. The deposition of an additional 3–4 nm thick layer of amorphous germanium on the thin silicon oxide dielectric layer resulted in an increase in infrared responsivity. The proposed method for creating photosensitive MIS-structures based on GeSixOy films is simple and avoids the formation of p-n junctions to create photodiodes.
{"title":"Photosensitive MIS structures based on GeSixOy films","authors":"G.A. Hamoud , G.N. Kamaev , M. Vergnat , V.A. Volodin","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structural and photosensitive properties of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures based on germanosilicate (GeSi<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>) films, obtained by co-evaporation of silicon dioxide and germanium dioxide and deposited on a n-type silicon substrate with silicon oxide as a thin tunnel layer, have been studied. The responsivity properties of the MIS structures were obtained over a wide wavelength range from 278 to 1100 nm. The deposition of an additional 3–4 nm thick layer of amorphous germanium on the thin silicon oxide dielectric layer resulted in an increase in infrared responsivity. The proposed method for creating photosensitive MIS-structures based on GeSi<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> films is simple and avoids the formation of p-n junctions to create photodiodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116838"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116833
Mevlut Karabulut , Ali Kemal Mak , Razvan Stefan , Arijeta Bafti , Marija Mirosavljević , Luka Pavić
Structural, electrical and luminescence properties of sodium borosilicate and sodium lead borosilicate glasses prepared by conventional melt quenching method were investigated through XRD, FT-IR, EDS, luminescence, and electrical measurements. All compositions were X-ray amorphous. The FT-IR analysis showed variations in the glass network upon changing the SiO2 content in the compositions. Excitation spectra of glasses in both series consisted of several excitation peaks between 350 and 550 nm corresponding to 4f-4f transitions of Eu3+. The luminescence spectra of glasses in both series consist of peaks in the 560–700 nm interval corresponding to 4f-4f transitions of Eu3+ (). Increasing Na2O content enhanced the DC conductivity in both sodium borosilicate and sodium lead borosilicate glass series. Sodium lead borosilicate glasses exhibited a linear relationship between Na + ion concentration and conductivity, with the highest value of 1.40 × 10−6 (Ω cm)−1 at 150 °C for 40 mol% Na2O. In contrast, sodium borosilicate glasses showed a non-linear trend which could be related to the mixed glass-former effect, with 30 mol% Na2O exhibiting the highest conductivity of 2.55 × 10−8 (Ω cm)−1 at 150 °C, highlighting the impact of structural changes on ion mobility. The scaling analysis confirmed that temperature influences charge carrier dynamics without changing the conduction mechanism. The characteristic hopping length of mobile ions decreased as Na2O content increased, aligning with the observed trends in conductivity.
{"title":"Structural, optical and electrical properties of Eu doped sodium borosilicate and lead silicate glasses","authors":"Mevlut Karabulut , Ali Kemal Mak , Razvan Stefan , Arijeta Bafti , Marija Mirosavljević , Luka Pavić","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structural, electrical and luminescence properties of sodium borosilicate and sodium lead borosilicate glasses prepared by conventional melt quenching method were investigated through XRD, FT-IR, EDS, luminescence, and electrical measurements. All compositions were X-ray amorphous. The FT-IR analysis showed variations in the glass network upon changing the SiO<sub>2</sub> content in the compositions. Excitation spectra of glasses in both series consisted of several excitation peaks between 350 and 550 nm corresponding to <em>4f-4f</em> transitions of Eu<sup>3+</sup>. The luminescence spectra of glasses in both series consist of peaks in the 560–700 nm interval corresponding to 4f-4f transitions of Eu<sup>3+</sup> (<span><math><mrow><mn>5</mn><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msup><mo>⟶</mo><mn>7</mn></msup><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>j</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>). Increasing Na<sub>2</sub>O content enhanced the DC conductivity in both sodium borosilicate and sodium lead borosilicate glass series. Sodium lead borosilicate glasses exhibited a linear relationship between Na <sup>+</sup> ion concentration and conductivity, with the highest value of 1.40 × 10<sup>−6</sup> (Ω cm)<sup>−1</sup> at 150 °C for 40 mol% Na<sub>2</sub>O. In contrast, sodium borosilicate glasses showed a non-linear trend which could be related to the mixed glass-former effect, with 30 mol% Na<sub>2</sub>O exhibiting the highest conductivity of 2.55 × 10<sup>−8</sup> (Ω cm)<sup>−1</sup> at 150 °C, highlighting the impact of structural changes on ion mobility. The scaling analysis confirmed that temperature influences charge carrier dynamics without changing the conduction mechanism. The characteristic hopping length of mobile ions decreased as Na<sub>2</sub>O content increased, aligning with the observed trends in conductivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116841
H. Souissi , S. Kammoun , E. Dhahri , J. Pina , B.F.O. Costa , A.L.B. Brito , R. Fausto
This study focused on the optical properties of the Cr3+-doped GdAlO3 perovskite, through comprehensive analysis of its photoluminescence spectra. The GdAlO3: Cr3+ perovskite, synthesized by a traditional solid-state process, crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbnm space group, with Cr3+ ions substituting Al3+ ions in octahedral sites. Photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra of the material were obtained and assigned. The zero-phonon lines ZPL of the observed emission and excitation transitions associated with the Cr3+ ions, in the visible range, were determined, and the experimental spectral data were modelled by the Fourier transformation of the autocorrelation function, enabling the calculation of diabatic potential energy profiles for the ground and lowest energy excited states. Crystal field parameters were derived, providing insight into the electronic structure of Cr3+ in the Oh symmetry site. The results highlighted the significant impact of coordination on the electronic structure of Cr3+ ions, with a notably high nephelauxetic effect parameter (h = 1.44), indicating a high degree of covalency in the metal-ligand bonds. Energy transfer from Gd3+ to Cr3+ in GdAlO3: Cr3+ was found to be significant, contributing to the enhancement of the deep-red emission of the compound attributed to the 2Eg(2G) → 4A2g(4F) d-d transition of Cr3+. Finally, the CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates of the photoluminescence emission of GdAlO3:Cr3+ were determined, positioning the emission at the boundary of the chromaticity diagram, indicative of its high color purity and potential suitability for red light-emitting display applications.
{"title":"A comprehensive exploration of optical properties of GdAlO3: Cr3+","authors":"H. Souissi , S. Kammoun , E. Dhahri , J. Pina , B.F.O. Costa , A.L.B. Brito , R. Fausto","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focused on the optical properties of the Cr<sup>3+</sup>-doped GdAlO<sub>3</sub> perovskite, through comprehensive analysis of its photoluminescence spectra. The GdAlO<sub>3</sub>: Cr<sup>3+</sup> perovskite, synthesized by a traditional solid-state process, crystallizes in the orthorhombic <em>Pbnm</em> space group, with Cr<sup>3+</sup> ions substituting Al<sup>3+</sup> ions in octahedral sites. Photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra of the material were obtained and assigned. The zero-phonon lines ZPL of the observed emission and excitation transitions associated with the Cr<sup>3+</sup> ions, in the visible range, were determined, and the experimental spectral data were modelled by the Fourier transformation of the autocorrelation function, enabling the calculation of diabatic potential energy profiles for the ground and lowest energy excited states. Crystal field parameters were derived, providing insight into the electronic structure of Cr<sup>3+</sup> in the O<sub>h</sub> symmetry site. The results highlighted the significant impact of coordination on the electronic structure of Cr<sup>3+</sup> ions, with a notably high nephelauxetic effect parameter (h = 1.44), indicating a high degree of covalency in the metal-ligand bonds. Energy transfer from Gd<sup>3+</sup> to Cr<sup>3+</sup> in GdAlO<sub>3</sub>: Cr<sup>3+</sup> was found to be significant, contributing to the enhancement of the deep-red emission of the compound attributed to the <sup>2</sup>E<sub>g</sub>(<sup>2</sup>G) → <sup>4</sup>A<sub>2g</sub>(<sup>4</sup>F) d-d transition of Cr<sup>3+</sup>. Finally, the CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates of the photoluminescence emission of GdAlO<sub>3</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> were determined, positioning the emission at the boundary of the chromaticity diagram, indicative of its high color purity and potential suitability for red light-emitting display applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116840
Dong Huang , Qiang Liu , Junlin Wu , Chen Hu , Warut Chewpraditkul , Weerapong Chewpraditkul , Jiang Li
The precursor with a stacked layered structure was synthesized in a hot water bath using oxide powders and concentrated sulfuric acid as raw materials. The precursor underwent air calcination at temperatures ranging from 400 to 700 °C for 3 h to yield the intermediate product. Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce powders were obtained by reduction at 700 °C for 3 h under a flowing hydrogen atmosphere. The effects of calcination temperature on the microstructure and phase transformation of powders were investigated. Using the synthesized powders as starting materials, Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce scintillation ceramics were successfully fabricated with high relative density (exceeding 98 % of the theoretical value). This process involved vacuum pre-sintering at 1350 °C for 3 h, followed by HIP post-treatment in an argon atmosphere at 1450 °C for 3 h. A strong green emission line at 511 nm, attributed to the 3P0→3H4 transition of Pr3+, was observed in the X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) spectra of all Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce ceramics. The Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce ceramics from powders synthesized at 500 °C showed the relatively higher optical transmittance and light yield (LY) value of 24,660 ph/MeV @ 662 keV γ rays. The photoluminescence (PL) decays of Pr3+3P0 → 3H4 transition were measured to be ∼2.90 μs for all Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce ceramics.
{"title":"Microstructure and properties of Gd2O2S:Pr, Ce scintillation ceramics from powders synthesized at different precursor calcination temperatures","authors":"Dong Huang , Qiang Liu , Junlin Wu , Chen Hu , Warut Chewpraditkul , Weerapong Chewpraditkul , Jiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precursor with a stacked layered structure was synthesized in a hot water bath using oxide powders and concentrated sulfuric acid as raw materials. The precursor underwent air calcination at temperatures ranging from 400 to 700 °C for 3 h to yield the intermediate product. Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S:Pr,Ce powders were obtained by reduction at 700 °C for 3 h under a flowing hydrogen atmosphere. The effects of calcination temperature on the microstructure and phase transformation of powders were investigated. Using the synthesized powders as starting materials, Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S:Pr,Ce scintillation ceramics were successfully fabricated with high relative density (exceeding 98 % of the theoretical value). This process involved vacuum pre-sintering at 1350 °C for 3 h, followed by HIP post-treatment in an argon atmosphere at 1450 °C for 3 h. A strong green emission line at 511 nm, attributed to the <sup>3</sup>P<sub>0</sub>→<sup>3</sup>H<sub>4</sub> transition of Pr<sup>3+</sup>, was observed in the X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) spectra of all Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S:Pr,Ce ceramics. The Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S:Pr,Ce ceramics from powders synthesized at 500 °C showed the relatively higher optical transmittance and light yield (LY) value of 24,660 ph/MeV @ 662 keV <em>γ</em> rays. The photoluminescence (PL) decays of Pr<sup>3+</sup> <sup>3</sup>P<sub>0</sub> → <sup>3</sup>H<sub>4</sub> transition were measured to be ∼2.90 μs for all Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S:Pr,Ce ceramics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116832
Mamoon Asghar , M. Hamza Younes , Asma Noor , Tahani A. Alrebdi , Qaisar Hayat , Aamir Khan , Shahid Sadiq , Nayab Arif , M. Aslam Baig , Haroon Asghar
In this study, we demonstrated ultrashort pulse generation in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) operating at 1.5 μm using iron indium sulfide nanocrystals (FIS-NCs) as a potential saturable absorber (SA). The FIS-NCs-based SA was synthesized using the hydrothermal approach and was then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). With FIC-NCs, the resulting SA exhibited excellent optical properties, with a modulation depth of 45.6 %, saturation intensity of 12.73 MW/cm2, including non-saturable losses of 27.1 %. It was noticed that with the integration of FIS-NCs as SA inside the laser cavity, the EDFL exhibited the CW operation at the pump power of 24 mW that further transitioned into mode-locked operation at a low threshold of 54 mW. The measured experimental results revealed that the EDFL utilizing FIS-NCs based SA at pump power 242 mW yielded repetition rates of 20.6 MHz, central wavelength of 1533.68 nm, and pulse duration of 2.28 ps with a corresponding average output power of 4.25 mW. Besides, the stability of EDFL was assessed by measuring root-mean-square (RMS) power fluctuations (0.035 % over 3.5 h), and the numerical simulations were further carried out, which indicated a reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements. These findings demonstrate the potential of FIS-NCs as an effective SA in EDFLs, showing promising results for ultrafast pulse generation and mode-locking applications.
{"title":"High modulation depth assisted by FeIn2S4 nanocrystals for ultrashort pulse generation in mode-locked erbium-doped fiber lasers","authors":"Mamoon Asghar , M. Hamza Younes , Asma Noor , Tahani A. Alrebdi , Qaisar Hayat , Aamir Khan , Shahid Sadiq , Nayab Arif , M. Aslam Baig , Haroon Asghar","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we demonstrated ultrashort pulse generation in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) operating at 1.5 μm using iron indium sulfide nanocrystals (FIS-NCs) as a potential saturable absorber (SA). The FIS-NCs-based SA was synthesized using the hydrothermal approach and was then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). With FIC-NCs, the resulting SA exhibited excellent optical properties, with a modulation depth of 45.6 %, saturation intensity of 12.73 MW/cm<sup>2</sup>, including non-saturable losses of 27.1 %. It was noticed that with the integration of FIS-NCs as SA inside the laser cavity, the EDFL exhibited the CW operation at the pump power of 24 mW that further transitioned into mode-locked operation at a low threshold of 54 mW. The measured experimental results revealed that the EDFL utilizing FIS-NCs based SA at pump power 242 mW yielded repetition rates of 20.6 MHz, central wavelength of 1533.68 nm, and pulse duration of 2.28 ps with a corresponding average output power of 4.25 mW. Besides, the stability of EDFL was assessed by measuring root-mean-square (RMS) power fluctuations (0.035 % over 3.5 h), and the numerical simulations were further carried out, which indicated a reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements. These findings demonstrate the potential of FIS-NCs as an effective SA in EDFLs, showing promising results for ultrafast pulse generation and mode-locking applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116825
Biao Dong , Yuangang Lu , Jian Huang , Jiahao Zha , Hongwei Wang , Chongjun He
Thulium-doped zinc tungstate (ZnWO4: Tm) crystal is an important functional material, which has potential applications in the field of laser technology. However, the third-order nonlinear optical behavior and nonlinear optical limiting (NOL) properties of ZnWO4: Tm crystal have rarely been investigated. In this study, we have successfully grown ZnWO4 crystal doped with Tm3+ using the Czochralski method. We have measured the absorption, Raman, and X-ray diffraction spectra of the crystal, with absorption peaks corresponding to the energy transitions of Tm3+. Utilizing Z-scan technique at the wavelength of 1064 nm, we have determined the nonlinear absorption coefficients arising from two-photon absorption, the nonlinear refraction coefficients stemming from electronic Kerr effect, and the third-order nonlinear coefficients for the crystal. Furthermore, we have evaluated the NOL performance of the crystal by measuring its transmittance at three different thicknesses of 2, 4, and 6 mm. At the thickness of 6 mm, the crystal exhibits a maximum transmittance of 89.1% at low input fluence and a minimum transmittance of 54.2% at high input fluence. These experimental results suggest that the novel ZnWO4: Tm crystal holds potential as a promising new material for NOL at 1064 nm.
{"title":"Third-order nonlinear optical behavior and optical limiting properties of thulium-doped zinc tungstate crystal","authors":"Biao Dong , Yuangang Lu , Jian Huang , Jiahao Zha , Hongwei Wang , Chongjun He","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thulium-doped zinc tungstate (ZnWO<sub>4</sub>: Tm) crystal is an important functional material, which has potential applications in the field of laser technology. However, the third-order nonlinear optical behavior and nonlinear optical limiting (NOL) properties of ZnWO<sub>4</sub>: Tm crystal have rarely been investigated. In this study, we have successfully grown ZnWO<sub>4</sub> crystal doped with Tm<sup>3+</sup> using the Czochralski method. We have measured the absorption, Raman, and X-ray diffraction spectra of the crystal, with absorption peaks corresponding to the energy transitions of Tm<sup>3+</sup>. Utilizing Z-scan technique at the wavelength of 1064 nm, we have determined the nonlinear absorption coefficients arising from two-photon absorption, the nonlinear refraction coefficients stemming from electronic Kerr effect, and the third-order nonlinear coefficients for the crystal. Furthermore, we have evaluated the NOL performance of the crystal by measuring its transmittance at three different thicknesses of 2, 4, and 6 mm. At the thickness of 6 mm, the crystal exhibits a maximum transmittance of 89.1% at low input fluence and a minimum transmittance of 54.2% at high input fluence. These experimental results suggest that the novel ZnWO<sub>4</sub>: Tm crystal holds potential as a promising new material for NOL at 1064 nm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to enhance the performance of NaGdF4:18%Yb,2%Er upconversion luminescence, alkali metal ion Li+ doping modification was carried out, and at the same time, in order for the energy of upconversion luminescence to be efficiently utilized in conjunction with ZnIn2S4 photocatalysts, to improve the degradation rate of the photocatalysts in the full-spectrum and near-infrared light. We synthesized alkali metal ion Li+-modified NaGdF4:18%Yb,2%Er upconversion luminescent materials with different doping amounts by hydrothermal method, and selected the Li+ doping amount with optimal luminescence performance, and the results showed that the luminescence intensity was increased by a factor of 2.3 and the decay time was prolonged by 0.29 ms. In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to realize the light response in the full spectrum by itself photocatalyst, it is combined with upconversion materials to realize the effective transfer of upconversion luminescence energy. A composite photocatalytic system of NaGdF4:18%Yb,2%Er,10%Li and ZnIn2S4 was prepared, and the degradation rate of the content of NaGdF4:18%Yb,2%Er,10%Li was investigated for the reaction of 50 mg/L MB under near-infrared light(NIR) and full spectrum for 120 min. The composite photocatalysts coated with different contents of ZnIn2S4 were further investigated. It was shown that the composite photocatalysts with 10 % NaGdF4:18 % Yb,2 % Er,10 % Li and 1 % ZnIn2S4 had the best degradation rate, and the degradation rates of MB in the NIR and the full spectrum were enhanced by 36 % and 32 %, respectively. It is shown that Li + doping alters the local symmetry of the crystal field of NaGdF4:18%Yb,2%Er to enhance the upconversion luminescence and photocatalytic performance, and the essence of the enhanced photocatalytic performance lies in the fact that the energy of the upconversion luminescent material in NaGdF4:18%Yb,2%Er,10%Li@ZnIn2S4 is transferred to the photocatalyst, which promotes photocatalyst carrier motion.
{"title":"Luminescence enhancement of NaGdF4:Yb,Er,Li and its improving effect on the photocatalytic degradation of ZnIn2S4","authors":"Xin Li, Yufeng Li, Dongsheng Jia, Guihan Hu, Dongliang Zhang, Siqingaowa Jin, Mitang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to enhance the performance of NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:18%Yb,2%Er upconversion luminescence, alkali metal ion Li<sup>+</sup> doping modification was carried out, and at the same time, in order for the energy of upconversion luminescence to be efficiently utilized in conjunction with ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> photocatalysts, to improve the degradation rate of the photocatalysts in the full-spectrum and near-infrared light. We synthesized alkali metal ion Li<sup>+</sup>-modified NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:18%Yb,2%Er upconversion luminescent materials with different doping amounts by hydrothermal method, and selected the Li<sup>+</sup> doping amount with optimal luminescence performance, and the results showed that the luminescence intensity was increased by a factor of 2.3 and the decay time was prolonged by 0.29 ms. In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to realize the light response in the full spectrum by itself photocatalyst, it is combined with upconversion materials to realize the effective transfer of upconversion luminescence energy. A composite photocatalytic system of NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:18%Yb,2%Er,10%Li and ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> was prepared, and the degradation rate of the content of NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:18%Yb,2%Er,10%Li was investigated for the reaction of 50 mg/L MB under near-infrared light(NIR) and full spectrum for 120 min. The composite photocatalysts coated with different contents of ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> were further investigated. It was shown that the composite photocatalysts with 10 % NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:18 % Yb,2 % Er,10 % Li and 1 % ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> had the best degradation rate, and the degradation rates of MB in the NIR and the full spectrum were enhanced by 36 % and 32 %, respectively. It is shown that Li <sup>+</sup> doping alters the local symmetry of the crystal field of NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:18%Yb,2%Er to enhance the upconversion luminescence and photocatalytic performance, and the essence of the enhanced photocatalytic performance lies in the fact that the energy of the upconversion luminescent material in NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:18%Yb,2%Er,10%Li@ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> is transferred to the photocatalyst, which promotes photocatalyst carrier motion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116812"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116831
Hyo Jong Cho, Yun Seon Do
We present a novel nano structure which combines a Fabry-perot interferometer (FPI) with a plasmonic color filter (PCF) to enhances color purity without increasing fabrication complexity. In the suggested structure, the additional optical resonance operates independently of plasmonic resonance. An FPI was selected for its strong resonance with minimal layers, effectively addressing the wavelength-dependent cavity thickness problem. By optimizing higher-order resonance modes within the FPI, we achieved one cavity of structure with selective transmission peaks at red, green, and blue wavelengths, significantly increasing the color gamut by 118.35 % improvement. While the metal-based FPI with PCF (MPCF) exhibited limited peak transmittance due to ohmic loss, the optimized dielectric based FPI with PCF (DPCF) achieved higher transmittance up to 46.81 % and superior color selectivity with a narrow FWHM of 16 nm in blue filter. This led to a 120.29 % enhancement in color purity. Our findings highlight the potential of DPCFs in high-resolution imaging devices, offering a robust alternative to conventional color filters. Future work will focus on optimizing fabrication and exploring materials for further enhancement.
{"title":"High color purity plasmonic color filters integrating Fabry Perot interferometer with distributed Bragg reflector","authors":"Hyo Jong Cho, Yun Seon Do","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a novel nano structure which combines a Fabry-perot interferometer (FPI) with a plasmonic color filter (PCF) to enhances color purity without increasing fabrication complexity. In the suggested structure, the additional optical resonance operates independently of plasmonic resonance. An FPI was selected for its strong resonance with minimal layers, effectively addressing the wavelength-dependent cavity thickness problem. By optimizing higher-order resonance modes within the FPI, we achieved one cavity of structure with selective transmission peaks at red, green, and blue wavelengths, significantly increasing the color gamut by 118.35 % improvement. While the metal-based FPI with PCF (MPCF) exhibited limited peak transmittance due to ohmic loss, the optimized dielectric based FPI with PCF (DPCF) achieved higher transmittance up to 46.81 % and superior color selectivity with a narrow FWHM of 16 nm in blue filter. This led to a 120.29 % enhancement in color purity. Our findings highlight the potential of DPCFs in high-resolution imaging devices, offering a robust alternative to conventional color filters. Future work will focus on optimizing fabrication and exploring materials for further enhancement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116824
Ou Hai, Tong Li, Jian Li, Bin Qin, Qiang Ren, Xiulan Wu, Yuanting Wu
Coating perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) with silicon dioxide has become one of the important ways to improve the stability of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) PQDs. However, the problem of poor stability still exists, especially the method of preparing the above three kinds of PQDs that can achieve stability at the same time is very scarce. Here, we developed a liquid phase molten salt method to obtain triple-colour CsPbX3 PQDs inside mesoporous SiO2 at a low temperature (350 °C). This method enables CsPbX3 PQDs with narrower half-peak width (23 nm, 21 nm, and 42 nm), good stability (from 20 °C to 160 °C, the luminous intensity can retain over 85.6 %), and high photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) (up to more than 90.2 %). The particle size of the powder obtained by this method is just several hundred nanometers. By combining CsPbBr3, CsPbI3 and 470 nm blue chips, white light emitting diode (WLED) with colour coordinates of (0.3101, 0.3299) were further fabricated, with a colour rendering index of 75.4, the improved stability of the CsPbX3 PQDs also enables the prepared WLED to work more continuously for a long time. The samples can also be made into ink with different luminscence colors for screen printing, they also can be prepared into thin films with good tensile properties. Our study provides a method for preparing stable CsPbX3 PQDs which have great application potential in the fields of WLED and screen displays.
{"title":"Preparation and properties of highly stabilized CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) by liquid phase molten salt method","authors":"Ou Hai, Tong Li, Jian Li, Bin Qin, Qiang Ren, Xiulan Wu, Yuanting Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coating perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) with silicon dioxide has become one of the important ways to improve the stability of CsPbX<sub>3</sub> (X = Cl, Br, I) PQDs. However, the problem of poor stability still exists, especially the method of preparing the above three kinds of PQDs that can achieve stability at the same time is very scarce. Here, we developed a liquid phase molten salt method to obtain triple-colour CsPbX<sub>3</sub> PQDs inside mesoporous SiO<sub>2</sub> at a low temperature (350 °C). This method enables CsPbX<sub>3</sub> PQDs with narrower half-peak width (23 nm, 21 nm, and 42 nm), good stability (from 20 °C to 160 °C, the luminous intensity can retain over 85.6 %), and high photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) (up to more than 90.2 %). The particle size of the powder obtained by this method is just several hundred nanometers. By combining CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>, CsPbI<sub>3</sub> and 470 nm blue chips, white light emitting diode (WLED) with colour coordinates of (0.3101, 0.3299) were further fabricated, with a colour rendering index of 75.4, the improved stability of the CsPbX<sub>3</sub> PQDs also enables the prepared WLED to work more continuously for a long time. The samples can also be made into ink with different luminscence colors for screen printing, they also can be prepared into thin films with good tensile properties. Our study provides a method for preparing stable CsPbX<sub>3</sub> PQDs which have great application potential in the fields of WLED and screen displays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 116824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116829
Chin-Kai Chang, Cheng-Yu Tsai
Disordered nanostructures have numerous optical applications, including optical absorbers and photonic crystals. Multiple scattering generated in disordered nanostructures produces a remarkable optical behavior under illumination. However, conventional numerical methods have difficulty modeling disordered nanostructures because of their time-consuming processes and unpredictable geometry. In this study, feature-based machine learning (ML) with a multilayer perceptron was used to model disordered silver nanostructures. These nanostructures were fabricated on silicon substrates by varying silver deposition and annealing conditions. The extracted spatial features and size distributions of the disordered silver nanostructures were used as inputs for training the ML model, and their measured reflection spectra were used as the output. The ML model, constructed using the forward-propagation algorithm, can acquire optical interactions between the nanostructural features and reflection spectra. The validation results indicated that the coefficient of determination between the predicted and actual values exceeded 0.9. Moreover, the proposed model can realize a highly accurate reflectance spectrum for disordered metallic nanostructures within a short time (less than 30 s). This study holds significant potential for the rapid prediction of optical properties in disordered metallic nanostructures.
{"title":"Modeling optical spectra of disordered metallic nanostructures with feature-based machine learning","authors":"Chin-Kai Chang, Cheng-Yu Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disordered nanostructures have numerous optical applications, including optical absorbers and photonic crystals. Multiple scattering generated in disordered nanostructures produces a remarkable optical behavior under illumination. However, conventional numerical methods have difficulty modeling disordered nanostructures because of their time-consuming processes and unpredictable geometry. In this study, feature-based machine learning (ML) with a multilayer perceptron was used to model disordered silver nanostructures. These nanostructures were fabricated on silicon substrates by varying silver deposition and annealing conditions. The extracted spatial features and size distributions of the disordered silver nanostructures were used as inputs for training the ML model, and their measured reflection spectra were used as the output. The ML model, constructed using the forward-propagation algorithm, can acquire optical interactions between the nanostructural features and reflection spectra. The validation results indicated that the coefficient of determination between the predicted and actual values exceeded 0.9. Moreover, the proposed model can realize a highly accurate reflectance spectrum for disordered metallic nanostructures within a short time (less than 30 s). This study holds significant potential for the rapid prediction of optical properties in disordered metallic nanostructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 116829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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