Epidemiological and genetic aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis in Kazakhstan

IF 4.7 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Journal of Infection and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI:10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102540

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Abstract

Objective

Tuberculosis is a major health problem in many countries, including Kazakhstan. Host genetics can affect TB risk, and epidemiological and social factors may contribute to disease progression. Due to the high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the country, our research aimed to study the epidemiological and genetic aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis in Kazakhstan.

Material and methods

1026 participants of Central Asian origin were recruited in the study: 342 individuals diagnosed with active PTB, 342 household contacts, and 342 controls without a family history of TB. Genetic polymorphisms of selected genes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The association between the risk of pulmonary TB and polymorphisms was evaluated using logistic regression and assessed with the ORs and their corresponding 95 % CIs, and the significance level was determined as p < 0.05.

Results

Epidemiological data revealed that underweight BMI (χ² = 89.97, p < 0.001), employment (χ² = 39.28, p < 0.001), and diabetes (χ² = 12.38, p < 0.001) showed a significant association with PTB. A/T polymorphism of the IFG gene showed a lower risk, and A/A polymorphism showed an increased risk of susceptibility to TB. A/A polymorphism of the IFG gene was associated with an almost 3-fold increased risk of PTB, and A/T polymorphism of the IFG gene was associated with a decreased risk of PTB (OR = 0.67, 95 % CI = 0.49–0.92, p = 0.01). The analysis revealed a decreased risk of PTB for A/A polymorphism of the VDR ApaI (OR = 0.67, 95 % CI = 0.46–0.97, p < 0.05). A/A polymorphism of the TLR8 gene was associated with a 1.5-fold increased risk of PTB (OR = 1.53, 95 % CI = 1.00–2.33, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Results showed that gender, employment, underweight BMI and diabetes are associated with PTB incidence in our study cohort. The A/A genotype of the IFG (rs2430561) and an A/A genotype of the TLR8 (rs3764880) genes were associated with an increased risk of PTB. A/T polymorphism of the IFG (rs2430561) and A/A polymorphism of the VDR ApaI were associated with a decreased risk of PTB.

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哈萨克斯坦肺结核的流行病学和遗传学问题

目的结核病是包括哈萨克斯坦在内的许多国家的主要健康问题。宿主遗传会影响结核病风险，而流行病学和社会因素可能会导致疾病进展。由于哈萨克斯坦的肺结核发病率很高，我们的研究旨在对哈萨克斯坦肺结核的流行病学和遗传学方面进行研究：研究招募了 1026 名中亚籍参与者：342 名确诊为活动性肺结核患者、342 名家庭接触者和 342 名无肺结核家族史的对照者。通过实时聚合酶链反应测定了部分基因的遗传多态性。采用逻辑回归法评估肺结核风险与多态性之间的关系，并用 ORs 及其相应的 95 % CIs 进行评估，显著性水平定为 p < 0.05.ResultsEpidemiological data revealed that underweight BMI (χ² = 89.97, p < 0.001), employment (χ² = 39.28, p < 0.001), and diabetes (χ² = 12.38, p < 0.001) showed a significant association with PTB.IFG基因的A/T多态性显示对结核病易感性的风险较低，而A/A多态性显示对结核病易感性的风险较高。IFG 基因的 A/A 多态性与 PTB 风险增加近 3 倍有关，而 IFG 基因的 A/T 多态性与 PTB 风险降低有关（OR = 0.67，95 % CI = 0.49-0.92，p = 0.01）。分析显示，VDR ApaI 基因的 A/A 多态性与 PTB 风险的降低有关（OR = 0.67，95 % CI = 0.46-0.97，P = 0.05）。TLR8 基因的 A/A 多态性与 PTB 风险增加 1.5 倍相关（OR = 1.53，95 % CI = 1.00-2.33，p <0.05）。IFG（rs2430561）基因的 A/A 基因型和 TLR8（rs3764880）基因的 A/A 基因型与 PTB 风险增加有关。IFG的A/T多态性（rs2430561）和VDR ApaI的A/A多态性与PTB风险降低有关。

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来源期刊

Journal of Infection and Public Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH -INFECTIOUS DISEASES

CiteScore

13.10

自引率

1.50%

发文量

203

审稿时长

96 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Infection and Public Health, first official journal of the Saudi Arabian Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and the Saudi Association for Public Health, aims to be the foremost scientific, peer-reviewed journal encompassing infection prevention and control, microbiology, infectious diseases, public health and the application of healthcare epidemiology to the evaluation of health outcomes. The point of view of the journal is that infection and public health are closely intertwined and that advances in one area will have positive consequences on the other. The journal will be useful to all health professionals who are partners in the management of patients with communicable diseases, keeping them up to date. The journal is proud to have an international and diverse editorial board that will assist and facilitate the publication of articles that reflect a global view on infection control and public health, as well as emphasizing our focus on supporting the needs of public health practitioners. It is our aim to improve healthcare by reducing risk of infection and related adverse outcomes by critical review, selection, and dissemination of new and relevant information in the field of infection control, public health and infectious diseases in all healthcare settings and the community.