{"title":"A novel differential protection scheme for AC microgrid based on loss function","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110973","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Differential protection stands out as the optimal choice for protecting AC microgrids, compared to overcurrent and distance-based schemes, because of its adaptability to different network topologies, ability to manage bi-directional power flow, and better selectivity for system transients and variable fault current. However, high impedance faults, time synchronization error, and high bandwidth communication requirements are significant challenges faced by differential protection schemes. Considering such issues, this paper has proposed a novel differential protection scheme based on loss function (Percentage Bias Error), evaluated by using line's both end superimposed positive and negative sequential currents magnitude, which enhances the sensitivity in identifying internal fault that occurs in either grid-connected or islanded microgrid mode of operation. Its effectiveness is validated on ring and radial distribution networks with high impedance fault (500 Ω) at different fault locations. Additionally, the relaying scheme is stable under different system transients, CT error in noisy environments, and robust for time synchronization error. Moreover, the proposed scheme is compared with the existing techniques to illustrate its high sensitivity, fast operation (within one cycle), and high accuracy. The proposed scheme is simulated in a MATLAB Simulink environment, and results are validated using a laboratory-level hardware setup.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378779624008587/pdfft?md5=26f3708526b99d9f0d1c16cff603e0b6&pid=1-s2.0-S0378779624008587-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Electric Power Systems Research","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378779624008587","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Differential protection stands out as the optimal choice for protecting AC microgrids, compared to overcurrent and distance-based schemes, because of its adaptability to different network topologies, ability to manage bi-directional power flow, and better selectivity for system transients and variable fault current. However, high impedance faults, time synchronization error, and high bandwidth communication requirements are significant challenges faced by differential protection schemes. Considering such issues, this paper has proposed a novel differential protection scheme based on loss function (Percentage Bias Error), evaluated by using line's both end superimposed positive and negative sequential currents magnitude, which enhances the sensitivity in identifying internal fault that occurs in either grid-connected or islanded microgrid mode of operation. Its effectiveness is validated on ring and radial distribution networks with high impedance fault (500 Ω) at different fault locations. Additionally, the relaying scheme is stable under different system transients, CT error in noisy environments, and robust for time synchronization error. Moreover, the proposed scheme is compared with the existing techniques to illustrate its high sensitivity, fast operation (within one cycle), and high accuracy. The proposed scheme is simulated in a MATLAB Simulink environment, and results are validated using a laboratory-level hardware setup.
期刊介绍:
Electric Power Systems Research is an international medium for the publication of original papers concerned with the generation, transmission, distribution and utilization of electrical energy. The journal aims at presenting important results of work in this field, whether in the form of applied research, development of new procedures or components, orginal application of existing knowledge or new designapproaches. The scope of Electric Power Systems Research is broad, encompassing all aspects of electric power systems. The following list of topics is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather to indicate topics that fall within the journal purview.
• Generation techniques ranging from advances in conventional electromechanical methods, through nuclear power generation, to renewable energy generation.
• Transmission, spanning the broad area from UHV (ac and dc) to network operation and protection, line routing and design.
• Substation work: equipment design, protection and control systems.
• Distribution techniques, equipment development, and smart grids.
• The utilization area from energy efficiency to distributed load levelling techniques.
• Systems studies including control techniques, planning, optimization methods, stability, security assessment and insulation coordination.