Electric Power Systems Research最新文献

Adaptive dynamic virtual resistor method for suppressing synchronous frequency resonance 抑制同步频率共振的自适应动态虚电阻方法

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112791

Biao Feng, Li Zhang, Qi Han

Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control has become one of the core control strategies for grid-connected converters by providing virtual inertia and damping that can effectively improve system stability. However, in low resistance-to-reactance ratio (R/X) grids, their power loops are prone to synchronous frequency resonance (SFR). This paper establishes a small-signal frequency-domain model of the VSG power loops to reveal the mechanism of SFR, and uses dynamic relative gain array (DRGA) to quantify the exacerbating effect of resonance on power coupling in low R/X systems, elucidating the influence of R/X on resonance peak values and stability margins. Furthermore, an adaptive dynamic virtual resistor (ADVR) method based on online impedance identification (OII) is proposed: this method suppresses resonance through dynamic virtual resistors combining OII, and adaptively adjusts the virtual resistors to accelerate resonance decay while avoiding exacerbating power coupling, it effectively addresses the issue of resonance suppression failure caused by changes in line impedance parameters. This article presents an electromagnetic transient simulation model developed in Matlab/Simulink, validating theoretical analysis and evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed method for enhanced accuracy.

虚拟同步发电机（VSG）控制通过提供虚拟惯性和阻尼来有效地提高系统的稳定性，已成为并网变流器的核心控制策略之一。然而，在低阻抗比（R/X）电网中，其电源回路容易发生同步频率谐振（SFR）。本文建立了VSG功率回路的小信号频域模型，揭示了SFR的机理，并利用动态相对增益阵列（DRGA）量化了低R/X系统中谐振对功率耦合的加剧作用，阐明了R/X对谐振峰值和稳定裕度的影响。提出了一种基于在线阻抗识别（OII）的自适应动态虚拟电阻（ADVR）方法：该方法通过动态虚拟电阻结合OII来抑制谐振，并自适应调整虚拟电阻加速谐振衰减，同时避免加剧功率耦合，有效解决了线路阻抗参数变化导致的谐振抑制失效问题。本文介绍了在Matlab/Simulink中开发的电磁瞬变仿真模型，验证了理论分析并评估了所提出方法的有效性，以提高精度。

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引用次数: 0

Dependence-aware day-ahead unit commitment and economic dispatch for a CHP-centered microgrid 以热电联产为中心的微电网依赖感知日前机组承诺和经济调度

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112786

Syed Mahboob Ul Hassan

Integrating high levels of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation into combined heat and power (CHP) microgrids presents scheduling challenges due to forecast uncertainty and thermal coupling between electric and heating demands. Traditional point-forecast scheduling is unreliable under forecast errors and inconsistent with joint electric-heating behavior, while scenario-based stochastic methods are computationally expensive for day-ahead operations. This study proposes a dependence-aware deterministic unit commitment and economic dispatch (UC/ED) framework that addresses uncertainty in PV output and coupled electric-heating demands using quantile regression forecasting. The method produces day-ahead quantile forecasts, then uses a rolling historical window to estimate empirical joint quantile-occurrence distributions for electric and heating loads and marginal distributions for PV. These distributions construct hourly probability-weighted day-ahead profiles that serve as deterministic inputs to a single mixed-integer UC/ED optimization. Five scheduling strategies are compared across different rolling window lengths (7-, 12-, 17-, and 30-day) versus median-only dispatch. The 30-day window achieves optimal performance with operating costs of $251.12, representing a 16.07% reduction from median-only scheduling ($299.22). Savings derive primarily from reduced CHP fuel consumption and improved battery energy storage system efficiency.

由于预测的不确定性和电力和供暖需求之间的热耦合，将高水平的太阳能光伏发电（PV）集成到热电联产（CHP）微电网中提出了调度挑战。传统的点预测调度在预测误差下不可靠，且与联合供热行为不一致，而基于场景的随机调度方法在日前运行时计算成本高。本研究提出了一个依赖感知的确定性单元承诺和经济调度（UC/ED）框架，该框架使用分位数回归预测来解决光伏输出和耦合电加热需求的不确定性。该方法产生一天前的分位数预测，然后使用滚动历史窗口来估计电和热负荷的经验联合分位数分布以及光伏的边际分布。这些分布构建了每小时概率加权的日前概况，作为单个混合整数UC/ED优化的确定性输入。在不同的滚动窗口长度（7天、12天、17天和30天）和仅中位数调度之间比较了五种调度策略。30天的窗口期实现了最佳性能，运营成本为251.12美元，比中位调度（299.22美元）减少了16.07%。节省主要来自减少热电联产燃料消耗和提高电池储能系统效率。

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引用次数: 0

Power distribution network reconfiguration for distributed generation maximization 分布式发电最大化的配电网重构

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112779

Kin Cheong Sou , Gabriel Malmer , Lovisa Thorin , Olof Samuelsson

Network reconfiguration can significantly increase the hosting capacity (HC) for distributed generation (DG) in radially operated systems, thereby reducing the need for costly infrastructure upgrades. However, when the objective is DG maximization, jointly optimizing topology and power dispatch remains computationally challenging. Existing approaches often rely on relaxations or approximations, yet we provide counterexamples showing that interior point methods, linearized DistFlow and second-order cone relaxations all yield erroneous results. To overcome this, we propose a solution framework based on the exact DistFlow equations, formulated as a bilinear program and solved using spatial branch-and-bound (SBB). Numerical studies on standard benchmarks and a 533-bus real-world system demonstrate that our proposed method reliably performs reconfiguration and dispatch within time frames compatible with real-time operation.

网络重构可以显著增加径向操作系统中分布式发电（DG）的托管容量（HC），从而减少对昂贵的基础设施升级的需求。然而，当目标是DG最大化时，联合优化拓扑和电力调度仍然具有计算挑战性。现有的方法通常依赖于松弛或近似，但我们提供了反例，表明内点方法，线性化DistFlow和二阶锥体松弛都会产生错误的结果。为了克服这一点，我们提出了一个基于精确DistFlow方程的解决框架，该框架被表述为双线性规划，并使用空间分支定界（SBB）进行求解。在标准基准测试和533总线实际系统上的数值研究表明，我们提出的方法在与实时运行兼容的时间框架内可靠地执行重构和调度。

引用次数: 0

A second-order generalized integrator phase-locked loop with a cascaded structure incorporating a low-pass filter 具有级联结构的二阶广义积分器锁相环，其中含有低通滤波器

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112780

Yan Wang , Guangchen Liu , Guizhen Tian , Jianwei Zhang , Yuanyuan Wu , Weihong Zhao

Renewable energy sources (RESs) have achieved widespread global adoption owing to their favourable environmental impacts, together with their inherent sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and controllability. A phase-locked Loop (PLL) is one of the most widely used synchronisation techniques owing to its speed and robustness. This study was developed to address the problem that the traditional second-order generalised integrator-based PLL(SOGI-PLL) fails to achieve correct phase locking under non-ideal grid conditions in single-phase grid synchronization, using a cascaded structure that combines the traditional SOGI with a SOGI incorporating a LPF(SOGI-LPF) .Then, the transfer functions of the improved method and the traditional methods were analysed using Bode diagrams and root locus techniques. The improved PLL was tested on the RTDS/RCP hardware-in-the-loop experimental platform. Moreover, to compare its performance with that of the SOGI and SOGI-LPF methods in terms of indicators such as settling time, and phase error, several scenarios were developed. As a result, the improved PLL demonstrates the fastest dynamic response and, completely rejects four operating conditions—single-phase voltage sag, phase jump, low-order harmonics, and DC offset in the grid. Furthermore, compared with the first two PLLs, the transient phase-locking error of the improved PLL is reduced by up to 80 %.

可再生能源由于其有利的环境影响，以及其固有的可持续性、成本效益和可控性，已在全球得到广泛采用。锁相环（PLL）因其速度快、鲁棒性好而成为应用最广泛的同步技术之一。为了解决传统基于二阶广义积分器的PLL（SOGI-PLL）在单相电网同步非理想条件下无法实现正确锁相的问题，本研究采用了将传统SOGI与包含LPF的SOGI （SOGI-LPF）相结合的级联结构。然后利用博德图和根轨迹技术对改进方法和传统方法的传递函数进行了分析。改进的锁相环在RTDS/RCP硬件在环实验平台上进行了测试。此外，为了将其与SOGI和SOGI- lpf方法在沉降时间和相位误差等指标上的性能进行比较，开发了几种场景。因此，改进的锁相环表现出最快的动态响应，并且完全抑制了电网中的单相电压凹陷、相位跳变、低次谐波和直流偏置四种工作条件。此外，与前两种锁相环相比，改进锁相环的瞬态锁相误差降低了80%。

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引用次数: 0

Temporary measures for distribution network restoration after natural disasters 自然灾害后配电网恢复临时办法

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112788

Anmar Arif

Natural disasters can cause significant damage to distribution networks, resulting in power outages and widespread disruptions. To expedite power restoration under these conditions, utilities commonly employ temporary measures such as portable generators and temporary distribution lines. However, deciding when and where to implement these measures can be both complex and costly. In this paper, we present a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model that optimizes the selection and deployment of portable power sources and temporary lines for repairing and restoring unbalanced distribution systems following natural disasters. Our approach features a pre-processing step that systematically identifies potential (i.e., candidate) lines and buses suitable for temporary measures, thereby confining the main optimization to a tractable set of possibilities. Through case studies on the IEEE 123-bus distribution system, we demonstrate that the proposed formulation yields cost-effective and timely post-disaster restoration plans, integrating portable substations, generators, temporary lines, crew routing, and network reconfiguration.

自然灾害会对配电网造成重大破坏，导致停电和大范围的破坏。为了在这种情况下加快电力恢复，公用事业公司通常采用临时措施，如便携式发电机和临时配电线路。然而，决定何时何地实施这些措施既复杂又昂贵。本文提出了一种混合整数线性规划（MILP）模型，该模型可以优化移动电源和临时线路的选择和部署，以用于自然灾害后不平衡配电系统的修复和恢复。我们的方法具有一个预处理步骤，系统地识别适合临时措施的潜在（即候选）线路和总线，从而将主要优化限制在一组可处理的可能性上。通过对IEEE 123总线配电系统的案例研究，我们证明了所提出的方案可以产生成本效益高且及时的灾后恢复计划，包括便携式变电站、发电机、临时线路、机组路由和网络重构。

引用次数: 0

Advanced power management of electric vehicle fast charging station united with multi-microgrid in autonomous and interconnected operations 自主互联运行下多微网联合的电动汽车快速充电站先进电源管理

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112784

Hossien Faraji, Amir Khorsandi, Seyed Hossein Hosseinian

This article discusses the power management of two microgrids (MGs) in both off-grid and interconnected modes, incorporating a 200 kW DC fast charging (DCFC) station with four charging locations (CLs). In off-grid mode, each MG supplies power to its internal loads using distributed energy resources. The DCFC station, equipped with a battery energy storage (BES) unit, allows for the exchange of power with electric vehicles (EVs) parked at the CLs, enabling simultaneous charging or discharging of two EVs at 50 kW each. Each MG and the DCFC station operates with its own central control system (CCS). In off-grid mode, the CCS manages local controllers and connects to the main central control system (MCCS) for interconnected operations. In interconnected mode, the MCCS coordinates the charging or discharging of multiple EVs through peer-to-peer power exchange. If the BES fails, the DCFC station can draw power from the MGs, and a load-switching capability between the MGs enhances reliability. Non-linear simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies. In interconnected mode, the MGs stabilized the charging power of three EVs at 50 kW, while one EV dropped below 25 kW without their cooperation. The control system successfully transferred up to 25 kW of additional load between MGs during generation interruptions. Throughout, the DC bus voltage remained stable at 660 V, the load inverter frequency in MG 1 stayed between 49.9 and 50.1 Hz, and the RMS load voltage in MG 2 was maintained at 220 V.

本文讨论了两个微电网（mg）在离网和互联模式下的电源管理，其中包括一个200千瓦直流快速充电（DCFC）站和四个充电点（cl）。在离网模式下，每个MG通过分布式能源向其内部负载供电。DCFC充电站设有电池储能装置，可与停在电池储能站的电动汽车交换电力，使两辆电动汽车同时以50千瓦的功率充电或放电。每个MG和DCFC站都有自己的中央控制系统（CCS）。离网模式下，CCS管理本地控制器，并与主MCCS （central control system）互联运行。在互联模式下，MCCS通过点对点的电力交换，协调多辆电动汽车的充放电。当BES发生故障时，DCFC站可以从主控模块中获取电力，主控模块之间的负载切换能力提高了可靠性。利用MATLAB/SIMULINK进行了非线性仿真，验证了所提策略的有效性。在互联模式下，mg将3辆电动汽车的充电功率稳定在50 kW，而在没有mg的配合下，1辆电动汽车的充电功率降至25 kW以下。在发电中断期间，控制系统成功地在mg之间转移了高达25千瓦的额外负载。整个过程中，直流母线电压稳定在660v， MG 1中负载逆变频率保持在49.9 ~ 50.1 Hz之间，MG 2中负载电压均数维持在220v。

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引用次数: 0

Hierarchical distributed scheduling of distribution networks using 5G base station clusters with fault-tolerant consensus-based allocation 基于容错共识分配的5G基站集群分布网络分层分布式调度

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112775

Chongyu Liu, Hao Lei, Changyuan Zhou, Zhi-Wei Liu

The rapid integration of renewable energy into distribution networks has posed challenges due to its intermittency and uncertainty. This paper proposes a hierarchical control framework that leverages the regulation capability of 5G base station (BS) clusters to enhance energy management in distribution networks. The upper layer employs a distributed dual decomposition algorithm to achieve economic coordination between the distribution system operator (DSO) and BS clusters. The lower layer performs distributed allocation of traffic loads and backup energy storage system (BESS) power within each cluster, enabling fast and reliable tracking of bus-level power targets. Furthermore, the method incorporates a fault-tolerant consensus mechanism to ensure stable operation under random device faults. Numerical simulations on the IEEE 33 bus system verify that the proposed framework effectively reduces voltage violations, mitigates photovoltaic curtailment, and improves computational efficiency and robustness compared with existing consensus-based methods.

由于可再生能源的间歇性和不确定性，可再生能源在配电网中的快速整合带来了挑战。本文提出了一种分层控制框架，利用5G基站集群的调节能力来增强配电网的能源管理。上层采用分布式对偶分解算法，实现DSO和BS集群之间的经济协调。下层对各集群内的业务负载和BESS （backup energy storage system）功率进行分布式分配，实现对总线级功率目标的快速、可靠跟踪。此外，该方法还引入了容错共识机制，以确保在随机设备故障下稳定运行。在IEEE 33总线系统上的数值仿真验证了所提出的框架与现有的基于共识的方法相比，有效地减少了电压违规，减轻了光伏弃风，提高了计算效率和鲁棒性。

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引用次数: 0

Spatio-temporal graph fusion framework for accurate city-wide EV charging forecasting 面向城市电动汽车充电预测的时空图融合框架

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112765

Xufeng Wu , Zuowei Chen , Hefang Jiang , Shoukang Luo , Honghao Liang , Siming Li , Chenyang Xu , Bojin Wang , Wensai Xuan , Yi Zhao , Lin Lin , Hao Wang

Accurately forecasting city-wide electric vehicle (EV) charging demand is hindered by complex spatio-temporal dependencies and the static fusion limitations of conventional models. To address these challenges, this paper proposes DyConfuse-Net, a novel Dynamic Context-driven Multi-component Hierarchical Fusion Network. DyConfuse-Net overcomes the rigidity of existing hybrid models by integrating four parallel prediction branches: Last Observation (LO), Bi-directional LSTM (BiLSTM), a Fully Connected Network (FCNN), and Differentiated Feature Projection (DFP). The core innovation is a dynamic fusion strategy that adaptively weights the contribution of each branch based on the specific spatio-temporal context of the input data. Experiments on the large-scale UrbanEV benchmark dataset demonstrate that DyConfuse-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance, with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 9.680% and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.0155, significantly outperforming mainstream approaches. The results validate that our dynamic, hierarchical fusion framework offers a more robust and accurate solution for complex urban energy forecasting tasks.

复杂的时空依赖关系和传统模型静态融合的局限性阻碍了对城市电动汽车充电需求的准确预测。为了解决这些挑战，本文提出了dyconfusion - net，一种新颖的动态上下文驱动的多组件分层融合网络。DyConfuse-Net通过集成四个并行预测分支：最后一次观测（LO）、双向LSTM （BiLSTM）、完全连接网络（FCNN）和差分特征投影（DFP），克服了现有混合模型的刚性。其核心创新是一种动态融合策略，该策略根据输入数据的特定时空背景自适应地加权每个分支的贡献。在大规模UrbanEV基准数据集上的实验表明，DyConfuse-Net达到了最先进的性能，平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）为9.680%，平均绝对误差（MAE）为0.0155，显著优于主流方法。结果验证了我们的动态、分层融合框架为复杂的城市能源预测任务提供了更稳健和准确的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal distribution network reconfiguration with non-adaptive overcurrent relay re-coordination 非自适应过流继电器重新协调的配电网优化重构

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112668

Rasoul Abdollahi, Reza Mohamadi Chabanloo

Reconfiguring distribution networks is a well-established strategy to reduce power losses and enhance operational efficiency. However, topology changes may alter the roles of primary and backup overcurrent relays and modify short-circuit currents, thereby compromising the reliability of the protection system. This paper addresses this challenge by formulating a joint optimization problem with two objectives: (i) loss-minimizing distribution network reconfiguration and (ii) simultaneous coordination of overcurrent relays. Instead of discarding configurations that violate protection constraints, the proposed method determines a single set of general relay settings and then optimizes reconfiguration under these settings while maintaining coordination requirements. The framework is non-adaptive, requires no telecommunication links, and thus offers practical advantages over adaptive schemes. A Pareto-based multi-objective optimization is developed, combining a Genetic Algorithm (GA) for network reconfiguration with a Linear Programming (LP) model for relay re-coordination. Simulation results on the standard 33-bus distribution system demonstrate that the method significantly expands the set of feasible configurations, achieves notable loss reduction, and ensures reliable relay coordination across multiple operating states.

重新配置配电网是一种行之有效的策略，可以减少电力损失，提高运行效率。然而，拓扑结构的变化可能会改变主、备过流继电器的作用，改变短路电流，从而影响保护系统的可靠性。本文通过制定一个具有两个目标的联合优化问题来解决这一挑战：(i)损失最小化配电网络重构和（ii）同时协调过流继电器。该方法不是丢弃违反保护约束的配置，而是确定一组通用继电器设置，然后在保持协调要求的情况下在这些设置下优化重新配置。该框架是非自适应的，不需要电信链路，因此比自适应方案具有实际优势。将遗传算法（GA）与线性规划（LP）模型相结合，提出了一种基于pareto的多目标优化算法。对标准33母线配电系统的仿真结果表明，该方法显著扩展了可行配置集，显著降低了损耗，保证了继电器在多运行状态下的可靠协调。

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引用次数: 0

Resilient control of DC microgrids under false data injection attacks using adaptive sliding mode unknown input observer 基于自适应滑模未知输入观测器的虚假数据注入攻击下直流微电网弹性控制

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112781

Ziji Su, Yile Dai, Jiawei Zhang, Miao Yu

The rapid advancement of communication and control technologies has significantly enhanced the intelligence of DC microgrids, yet it also introduces cybersecurity risks such as false data injection attacks (FDIAs). Existing studies on FDIA mitigation still exhibit limitations. For example, their reliance on distributed communication leads to slow convergence. Moreover, most methods assume an ideal primary layer, neglecting actuator faults and parameter perturbations. To this end, this paper proposes a resilient control scheme: at the secondary layer, an auxiliary reference system (ARS) is designed to generate reference values without requiring data transmission from the primary layer, while the primary layer employs a control law based on the super-twisting algorithm to achieve robustness against actuator faults and parameter perturbations. Furthermore, a decentralized adaptive sliding mode unknown input observer is developed to reconstruct ARS states for FDIA mitigation. Compared with existing approaches, the proposed strategy demonstrates superior FDIA suppression capability and robustness against non-ideal conditions at the primary layer. The proposed scheme achieves control recovery within 15 ms, which is significantly faster than the comparative methods (0.45 s and 1.26 s, respectively). Stability analysis and parameter design guidelines are provided. Hardware-in-the-loop results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme.

通信和控制技术的快速发展大大提高了直流微电网的智能化水平，但同时也带来了虚假数据注入攻击（FDIAs）等网络安全风险。现有的减缓FDIA的研究仍然显示出局限性。例如，它们对分布式通信的依赖导致了缓慢的收敛。此外，大多数方法假设一个理想的初级层，忽略了执行器故障和参数摄动。为此，本文提出了一种弹性控制方案：在第二层设计辅助参考系统（ARS）生成参考值，无需从第二层传输数据，而第二层采用基于超扭转算法的控制律实现对执行器故障和参数扰动的鲁棒性。在此基础上，提出了一种分散自适应滑模未知输入观测器来重建ARS状态，以缓解FDIA。与现有方法相比，该策略具有较好的FDIA抑制能力和对初级层非理想条件的鲁棒性。该方案在15 ms内实现了控制恢复，明显快于对比方法（分别为0.45 s和1.26 s）。提供了稳定性分析和参数设计指南。硬件在环实验结果验证了该方案的有效性和优越性。

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引用次数: 0