Identifying the genesis of hydrothermal activities in the Xiangcheng fault belt, southwestern China: Evidence from hydrochemistry and stable isotopes

IF 3.2 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Ore Geology Reviews Pub Date : 2024-09-08 DOI:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106221
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Abstract

Regional faults are beneficial structures for the formation of hydrothermal activities and have thus become target areas for geothermal resource utilization. Numerous hydrothermal activities have been reported along the Xiangcheng fault belt, particularly concentrating in the Batang, Xiangcheng and Shangri-La areas. In this study, hydrochemistry and stable isotopes were used to identify the genesis of hydrothermal activities in the Xiangcheng fault belt. The pH values of the geothermal water in these regions gradually decreases in this order, while the total dissolved solids gradually increase. The δD and δ18O values indicate the geothermal waters are mainly originated from snowmelt water and meteoric water. The recharge elevation of geothermal waters in Batang, Xiangcheng, and Shangri-La was 4415–4904 m, 4585–5038 m, and 3673–3969 m, respectively. Most geothermal waters belong to the hydrochemical type HCO3-Na, however some Batang geothermal water is of the SO4·HCO3-Na type, influenced by deep geothermal gas, and some Shangri-La geothermal water is of HCO3-Ca·Na type, influenced by shallow cold water and dissolution of carbonate rocks. Correlations of major ions suggest that HCO3-Na type geothermal waters are determined by the dissolution of paragonite, K-feldspar and albite as well as positive ion exchange. According to Na-K-Mg triangle diagram and mineral saturation indices, the geothermal waters do not reach full equilibrium and are mixed with shallow cold. Geothermometers, including cationic and SiO2, and geochemical thermodynamic calculations indicate that the deep and shallow reservoir temperatures are 200–240 °C and 169–193 °C for the Batang area, 194–201 °C and 119–131 °C for the Xiangcheng area, and 156–178 °C and 100–109 °C for the Shangri-La area. Conceptual models of the genesis of hydrothermal activities in the Batang, Xiangcheng, and Shangri-La areas were constructed, respectively. CaCO3 scaling is dominated in the study area. The hydrothermal activities of Batang and Xiangcheng areas with enriched deep materials and high reservoir temperatures are beneficial for rare-alkali metal (e.g., Li). The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of geothermal resources in the high-temperature hydrothermal activity areas of western Sichuan.

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确定中国西南项城断裂带热液活动的成因:来自水化学和稳定同位素的证据
区域断层是形成热液活动的有利构造,因此成为地热资源利用的目标区域。据报道,湘城断裂带沿线有大量热液活动,尤其集中在巴塘、湘城和香格里拉地区。本研究利用水化学和稳定同位素来确定项城断裂带热液活动的成因。这些地区地热水的pH值依次逐渐降低,而溶解性总固体逐渐增加。δD和δ18O值表明地热水主要来源于融雪水和流星水。巴塘、乡城和香格里拉地热水的补给海拔分别为 4415-4904 米、4585-5038 米和 3673-3969 米。大部分地热水属于 HCO3-Na 水化学类型,但部分巴塘地热水受深层地热气体影响属于 SO4-HCO3-Na 类型,部分香格里拉地热水受浅层冷水和碳酸盐岩溶解影响属于 HCO3-Ca-Na 类型。主要离子的相关性表明,HCO3-Na 型地热水是由准噶尔岩、K 长石和白云石的溶解以及正离子交换决定的。根据 Na-K-Mg 三角图和矿物饱和度指数,地热水没有达到完全平衡,而是与浅层冷水混合在一起。阳离子和 SiO2 等地温计以及地球化学热力学计算表明,巴塘地区深层和浅层储层温度分别为 200-240 ℃ 和 169-193 ℃,乡城地区分别为 194-201 ℃ 和 119-131 ℃,香格里拉地区分别为 156-178 ℃ 和 100-109 ℃。分别构建了巴塘、乡城和香格里拉地区热液活动成因的概念模型。研究区域以 CaCO3 鳞片为主。巴塘和乡城地区的热液活动具有丰富的深部物质和较高的储层温度,对稀有碱金属(如锂)有利。研究结果为川西高温热液活动区地热资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。
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来源期刊
Ore Geology Reviews
Ore Geology Reviews 地学-地质学
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
27.30%
发文量
546
审稿时长
22.9 weeks
期刊介绍: Ore Geology Reviews aims to familiarize all earth scientists with recent advances in a number of interconnected disciplines related to the study of, and search for, ore deposits. The reviews range from brief to longer contributions, but the journal preferentially publishes manuscripts that fill the niche between the commonly shorter journal articles and the comprehensive book coverages, and thus has a special appeal to many authors and readers.
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