Unraveling the chemistry of plant flammability: Exploring the role of volatile secondary metabolites beyond terpenes

IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Forest Ecology and Management Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122269
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Abstract

Plant flammability research has proven pivotal in comprehending the contribution of vegetation to the flammability of forest ecosystems. Yet, the relationship between many leaf chemical traits and plant flammability is poorly understood. While terpenes and some leaf nutrients in plants have been extensively studied for their role in flammability, a wide array of other secondary metabolites remain unexplored in this context. Here, we present the volatile secondary metabolites composition of fresh leaves from nine dominant species from central Chile, both native and exotic, and determine whether there is variability within and among species in chemical composition and flammability. Moreover, we investigate how these compounds influence various leaf flammability traits. The Chilean Mediterranean ecosystem emerges as a useful study site given its unique endemic flora, increased frequency of forest fires, proliferation of invasive plants and extensive land conversion that favors the spread of fire-prone exotic species, and significant scarcity of phytochemical research dedicated to this ecosystem. A total of 118 volatile chemical compounds were quantified, belonging to over ten groups of volatile secondary metabolites. Terpenes, ketones, and hydrocarbons comprised 75 % of these compounds, and each species displayed a unique phytochemical profile. Surprisingly, some native species (Citronella mucronata, Cryptocarya alba) exhibited equivalent or higher leaf flammability than the well-known flammable exotics Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata, respectively. Leaf flammability was best explained by the concentration of aldehydes, ketones, green leaf volatiles, and aromatic compounds. Interestingly, terpenes as well as moisture content were not significantly correlated with flammability. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of considering a broader range of phytochemicals, beyond terpenes, to fully understand leaf flammability among species. Consequently, a deeper understanding -within and across ecosystems- of the influence exerted by diverse groups of phytochemicals on flammability is an urgent need for forest management planning in an increasingly flammable world.

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揭示植物易燃性的化学原理:探索挥发性次生代谢物在萜烯以外的作用
事实证明,植物易燃性研究对于理解植被对森林生态系统易燃性的影响至关重要。然而,人们对许多叶片化学特征与植物易燃性之间的关系却知之甚少。虽然人们已经广泛研究了植物中的萜烯和一些叶片营养物质在易燃性方面的作用,但在这方面仍有大量其他次生代谢物未被研究。在这里,我们介绍了智利中部九种主要物种(包括本地物种和外来物种)鲜叶中的挥发性次生代谢物成分,并确定物种内部和物种之间在化学成分和易燃性方面是否存在差异。此外,我们还研究了这些化合物如何影响叶片的各种易燃性状。智利的地中海生态系统是一个非常有用的研究地点,因为它拥有独特的地方植物区系,森林火灾的频率越来越高,入侵植物的扩散和土地的大面积改造有利于易燃外来物种的传播,而且专门针对该生态系统的植物化学研究非常稀少。共对 118 种挥发性化学物质进行了定量分析,它们属于十多个挥发性次生代谢物类别。萜烯、酮类和碳氢化合物占这些化合物的 75%,每个物种都显示出独特的植物化学特征。令人惊讶的是,一些本地物种(香茅、白隐子草)的叶片易燃性分别与著名的易燃外来植物球叶桉和辐射松相当或更高。醛、酮、绿叶挥发物和芳香化合物的浓度最能解释叶片的易燃性。有趣的是,萜烯和水分含量与易燃性没有明显的相关性。总之,我们的研究结果突出表明,要全面了解不同物种叶片的易燃性,除了萜烯类化合物之外,还必须考虑更广泛的植物化学物质。因此,在易燃性日益增加的今天,深入了解生态系统内部和生态系统之间不同植物化学物质对易燃性的影响是森林管理规划的迫切需要。
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来源期刊
Forest Ecology and Management
Forest Ecology and Management 农林科学-林学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
10.80%
发文量
665
审稿时长
39 days
期刊介绍: Forest Ecology and Management publishes scientific articles linking forest ecology with forest management, focusing on the application of biological, ecological and social knowledge to the management and conservation of plantations and natural forests. The scope of the journal includes all forest ecosystems of the world. A peer-review process ensures the quality and international interest of the manuscripts accepted for publication. The journal encourages communication between scientists in disparate fields who share a common interest in ecology and forest management, bridging the gap between research workers and forest managers. We encourage submission of papers that will have the strongest interest and value to the Journal''s international readership. Some key features of papers with strong interest include: 1. Clear connections between the ecology and management of forests; 2. Novel ideas or approaches to important challenges in forest ecology and management; 3. Studies that address a population of interest beyond the scale of single research sites, Three key points in the design of forest experiments, Forest Ecology and Management 255 (2008) 2022-2023); 4. Review Articles on timely, important topics. Authors are welcome to contact one of the editors to discuss the suitability of a potential review manuscript. The Journal encourages proposals for special issues examining important areas of forest ecology and management. Potential guest editors should contact any of the Editors to begin discussions about topics, potential papers, and other details.
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