Type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, and autoimmune thyroiditis autoantibodies in population-based type 2 diabetes patients

IF 3.3 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Journal of Clinical and Translational Endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-06 DOI:10.1016/j.jcte.2024.100367

Lind Alexander , Tsai Cheng-ting , Lernmark Åke , Jendle Johan

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Abstract

Aims

The study aims were to determine autoantibodies associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), celiac disease (CD) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in individuals living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to T1D and matched controls.

Methods

Individuals with T1D and T2D were randomly identified in health-care registers. Blood was collected through home-capillary sampling and autoantibodies associated with either T1D against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulin (IAA), insulinoma antigen-2 (IA-2A), and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A), CD against tissue transglutaminase (tTGA) or AITD against thyroid peroxidase (TPOA) were determined in an automated, multiplex Antibody Detection by Agglutination-PCR (ADAP) assay.

Results

GADA were detected in 46 % (88/191) of T1D and increased to 6.2 % (23/372) in T2D compared to 2.6 % (7/259) of controls (p = 0.0367). tTGA was low (1.1–2.6 %) and not different in between the study cohorts, nonetheless, in T1D tTGA was associated to islet autoantibodies. TPOA was more frequent in T1D, 27.1 % (53/191), compared to either T2D, 14.8 % (55/372; p = 0.0002) or controls, 14.3 % (37/259) (p = 0.0004). Overall, TPOA was more frequent in GADA positive (34.8 %; 8/23) than negative (13.5 %; 47/349; p = 0.0053) T2D individuals.

Conclusion

It’s suggested that analyzing GADA and TPOA may refine the autoimmune landscape in individuals clinically classified as T2D.

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人群中 2 型糖尿病患者的 1 型糖尿病、乳糜泻和自身免疫性甲状腺炎自身抗体

研究目的是确定与1型糖尿病（T1D）、乳糜泻（CD）和自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（AITD）相关的自身抗体，并与2型糖尿病（T2D）患者和T1D及匹配对照组进行比较。通过家庭毛细管采样收集血液，并通过凝集-PCR（ADAP）自动多重抗体检测法测定与 T1D 有关的谷氨酸脱羧酶（GADA）、胰岛素（IAA）、胰岛素瘤抗原-2（IA-2A）和锌转运体 8（ZnT8A）自身抗体，与组织转谷氨酰胺酶（tTGA）有关的 CD 自身抗体，或与甲状腺过氧化物酶（TPOA）有关的 AITD 自身抗体。结果在46%的T1D患者（88/191）中检测到了甲状腺自身抗体，在T2D患者中检测到的甲状腺自身抗体增加到了6.2%（23/372），而在对照组中检测到的甲状腺自身抗体仅为2.6%（7/259）（p = 0.0367）。TPOA在T1D中更为常见，占27.1%（53/191），而在T2D中为14.8%（55/372；p = 0.0002），在对照组中为14.3%（37/259）（p = 0.0004）。总的来说，GADA 阳性（34.8%；8/23）的 TPOA 发生率高于阴性（13.5%；47/349；p = 0.0053）的 T2D 患者。

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