Do Silver Nanoparticles in Fixed Orthodontic Appliances Inhibit Bacterial Growth?

Kailyn Owens, Anasha Williamson, Ashley Christman RDH, BS
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this literature review is to aid in oral hygiene instruction for clinicians with patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

METHODS

Specific criteria were required to formulate this literature review. Articles were accessed through PubMed and were peer-reviewed, original research that were published within the last five years, and relevant to the topic. Keywords for this research included orthodontics, fixed orthodontic appliances, orthodontic appliances, silver nanoparticles, silver coating, nanoparticles, bioreduction, oral bioreduction, and plaque reduction. A section from one published book was also referenced for background and comparative information. Filters for our search excluded articles posted before 2018, literature reviews, meta-analyses, or articles that were not peer reviewed. Four articles were selected to be included in this review.

RESULTS

Fabricated wires, brackets, and orthodontic bands were organized into control and experimental groups. In some groups, the metal was coated with silver nanoparticles, some had zinc oxide nanoparticles, and some were left uncoated. The appliances were exposed to oral bacteria for various amount of time and then tested to see which metals accumulated the most bacteria. In one study, a combination of silver and zinc-oxide nanoparticles produced the greatest bacterial inhibition. However, each study proved silver nanoparticle coated appliances resulted in the least amount of bacterial accumulation with all bacteria tested.

CONCLUSIONS

The reduction of plaque, bacteria, gingivitis, and bracket scars during and after orthodontic treatment is a direct result of silver nanoparticles and increases patient compliance to commit to an oral hygiene routine.

IMPLICATIONS

Silver nanoparticles can be implemented throughout all aspects of dentistry in toothpastes, mouthwashes, and other dentifrices. Hygienists, dental professionals, and patients can benefit from the antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles.

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固定矫治器中的纳米银粒子能抑制细菌生长吗?
目的本文献综述的目的是帮助临床医生对接受正畸治疗的患者进行口腔卫生指导。方法制定本文献综述需要特定的标准。通过 PubMed 获取的文章均经过同行评审,是在过去五年内发表的原创性研究,且与主题相关。研究关键词包括正畸、固定正畸装置、正畸装置、纳米银颗粒、银涂层、纳米颗粒、生物还原、口腔生物还原和减少牙菌斑。此外,我们还参考了一本已出版书籍中的部分内容,以获取背景和比较信息。我们的搜索筛选排除了 2018 年之前发布的文章、文献综述、荟萃分析或未经同行评审的文章。结果制造的钢丝、托槽和正畸带被分为对照组和实验组。有些组的金属上涂有纳米银粒子,有些组的金属上涂有纳米氧化锌粒子,有些组则没有涂上任何纳米银粒子。这些器具暴露在口腔细菌中的时间长短不一,然后进行测试,看哪种金属积累的细菌最多。在一项研究中,银和纳米氧化锌颗粒的组合产生了最大的细菌抑制效果。结论在正畸治疗期间和之后,银纳米粒子能直接减少牙菌斑、细菌、牙龈炎和托槽疤痕,并提高患者对口腔卫生常规的依从性。卫生学家、牙科专业人员和患者都能从纳米银粒子的抗菌效果中获益。
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