Benford's Law as Debris Flow Detector in Seismic Signals

IF 3.5 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI:10.1029/2024JF007691
Qi Zhou, Hui Tang, Jens M. Turowski, Jean Braun, Michael Dietze, Fabian Walter, Ci-Jian Yang, Sophie Lagarde
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Abstract

Seismic instruments placed outside of spatially extensive hazard zones can be used to rapidly sense a range of mass movements. However, it remains challenging to automatically detect specific events of interest. Benford's law, which states that the first non-zero digit of given data sets follows a specific probability distribution, can provide a computationally cheap approach to identifying anomalies in large data sets and potentially be used for event detection. Here, we select vertical component seismograms to derive the first digit distribution. The seismic signals generated by debris flows follow Benford's law, while those generated by ambient noise do not. We propose the physical and mathematical explanations for the occurrence of Benford's law in debris flows. Our finding of limited seismic data from landslides, lahars, bedload transports, and glacial lake outburst floods indicates that these events may follow Benford's Law, whereas rockfalls do not. Focusing on debris flows in the Illgraben, Switzerland, our Benford's law-based detector is comparable to an existing random forest model that was trained on 70 features and six seismic stations. Achieving a similar result based on Benford's law requires only 12 features and single station data. We suggest that Benford's law is a computationally cheap, novel technique that offers an alternative for event recognition and potentially for real-time warnings.

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本福德定律作为地震信号中的碎片流探测器
放置在空间范围广泛的危险区之外的地震仪器可用于快速感知一系列大规模运动。然而,自动检测特定的相关事件仍具有挑战性。本福德定律(Benford's law)指出,给定数据集的第一个非零数字遵循特定的概率分布,该定律可提供一种计算成本低廉的方法来识别大型数据集中的异常,并可用于事件检测。在此,我们选择垂直分量地震图来推导首位数字分布。碎片流产生的地震信号遵循本福德定律,而环境噪声产生的地震信号则不遵循本福德定律。我们提出了碎片流中出现本福德定律的物理和数学解释。我们从山体滑坡、拉哈斯、基质搬运和冰湖溃决洪水中获得的有限地震数据表明,这些事件可能遵循本福德定律,而岩崩则不遵循本福德定律。以瑞士伊尔格拉本的泥石流为重点,我们基于本福德定律的探测器与现有的随机森林模型不相上下,后者是在 70 个特征和 6 个地震台站上训练出来的。而基于本福德定律的探测器只需要 12 个特征和单个台站数据就能获得类似的结果。我们认为,本福德定律是一种计算成本低廉的新技术,它为事件识别和潜在的实时预警提供了另一种选择。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth-Surface Processes
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
10.30%
发文量
162
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