The Influence of Playing Position on Physical, Physiological, and Technical Demands in Adult Male Soccer Matches: A Systematic Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map

IF 9.3 1区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI:10.1007/s40279-024-02088-z
Hugo Sarmento, Diogo V. Martinho, Élvio R. Gouveia, José Afonso, Paweł Chmura, Adam Field, Nestor Ordoñez Savedra, Rafael Oliveira, Gibson Praça, Rui Silva, Joel Barrera-Díaz, Filipe Manuel Clemente
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Abstract

Background

There has been an increase in studies examining the demands of soccer relative to each playing position in recent years. Understanding the physical, physiological, and technical demands on soccer players according to their positional role during competitive matches is necessary to understand match requirements and develop position-specific training practices. Thereby, there is a clear need to synthesize the information on the different profiles of each playing position.

Objective

This review aimed to organize the literature investigating physical, physiological, and technical demands according to playing positions and provide a framework to identify gaps and suggestions for future studies.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in October 2023 using four electronic databases: Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PubMed and Scopus. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR extension for Scoping Reviews. The studies were included if the sample comprised adult male soccer players categorized from Tier 3 to Tier 5 (i.e., highly trained/national level, elite/international level, or world class) and compared the physical, physiological, or technical parameters across playing positions.

Results

A total of 178 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The number of teams, players, and matches analyzed per study varied considerably. Although a range of classifications were reported across studies, 59% of studies classified players as central defenders, full-backs, central midfielders, wide midfielders, and forwards. The findings suggests that central and external midfielders, and external defenders cover greater total and high-speed distance than forwards or central defenders. Sprint distance was higher in external midfielders versus all other positions. Defenders and central midfielders perform more passes than external midfielders and forwards. Heart rate was the most commonly reported physiological variable across playing positions. When expressed as a percentage of maximal heart rate, midfielders presented higher mean values than all other playing positions.

Conclusion

This scoping review demonstrates that there are differences in the demands on players across playing positions in soccer. Training practices in soccer should be based on the specific requirements of each positional role to ensure players can fulfill their tactical responsibilities during the game.

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成年男子足球比赛中比赛位置对身体、生理和技术要求的影响:附证据差距图的系统性范围研究
背景近年来,对足球运动中各位置要求的研究越来越多。了解足球运动员在竞技比赛中的位置角色对其身体、生理和技术的要求,对于了解比赛要求和制定针对特定位置的训练方法十分必要。因此,显然有必要对各位置球员的不同情况进行综合分析。本综述旨在整理研究各位置球员的体能、生理和技术要求的文献,并提供一个框架,以找出差距,为今后的研究提供建议:于 2023 年 10 月使用四个电子数据库进行了系统检索:Web of Science、SPORTDiscus、PubMed 和 Scopus。综述遵循了 PRISMA 2020 指南和 PRISMA-ScR 扩展范围综述指南。如果研究样本包括第 3 级至第 5 级(即训练有素/国家级、精英/国际级或世界级)的成年男子足球运动员,并比较了不同位置的身体、生理或技术参数,则纳入研究。每项研究分析的球队、球员和比赛数量差异很大。尽管各研究的分类范围不尽相同,但 59% 的研究将球员分为中后卫、后卫、中场、中场和前锋。研究结果表明,与前锋或中后卫相比,中场球员、外援中场球员和外援后卫的总距离和高速距离更大。外援中场球员的冲刺距离高于其他所有位置的球员。后卫和中场核心比外援中场和前锋传球更多。心率是各位置球员最常报告的生理变量。当以最大心率的百分比表示时,中场球员的平均值高于所有其他位置的球员。足球训练应根据每个位置角色的具体要求进行,以确保球员在比赛中能够履行战术职责。
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来源期刊
Sports Medicine
Sports Medicine 医学-运动科学
CiteScore
18.40
自引率
5.10%
发文量
165
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Sports Medicine focuses on providing definitive and comprehensive review articles that interpret and evaluate current literature, aiming to offer insights into research findings in the sports medicine and exercise field. The journal covers major topics such as sports medicine and sports science, medical syndromes associated with sport and exercise, clinical medicine's role in injury prevention and treatment, exercise for rehabilitation and health, and the application of physiological and biomechanical principles to specific sports. Types of Articles: Review Articles: Definitive and comprehensive reviews that interpret and evaluate current literature to provide rationale for and application of research findings. Leading/Current Opinion Articles: Overviews of contentious or emerging issues in the field. Original Research Articles: High-quality research articles. Enhanced Features: Additional features like slide sets, videos, and animations aimed at increasing the visibility, readership, and educational value of the journal's content. Plain Language Summaries: Summaries accompanying articles to assist readers in understanding important medical advances. Peer Review Process: All manuscripts undergo peer review by international experts to ensure quality and rigor. The journal also welcomes Letters to the Editor, which will be considered for publication.
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