Tree species-mediated soil properties shape soil fauna community structure more strongly in the soil layer: Evidence from a common garden experiment

IF 4.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE Applied Soil Ecology Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105640
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Abstract

Soil fauna plays a crucial role in the soil biogeochemical cycles of forest ecosystems, with tree species composition regulating their diversity and functionality through alterations in habitat conditions and nutrient availability. However, identifying the impacts of tree species on soil faunal communities remains challenging due to the difficulty in distinguishing the effects of tree species-induced habitat changes from those of historical environmental conditions. Here, we conducted a field study in a common garden established in 2015, with consistent climate, soil, and land-use conditions to clarify the response of the soil faunal community to changes in tree species. After 5 years of plantation growth, we evaluated the differences in tree species identities and soil faunal community structures between the litter and soil layers in four closed-canopy broadleaf forests (Cinnamomum septentrionale, Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum longepaniculatum and Toona sinensis). We found that the soil faunal communities differed significantly among the four broad-leaved tree species, with 18.7 % being dominated by Collembola and 67.2 % by Acari, with a relatively high proportion of microbivores (65.5 %). Compared with that of the other stands, the C. longepaniculatum stand had the most notable differences in taxa composition, while the T. sinensis stand exhibited the greatest soil biological quality, with a QBS value 1.25 times greater than that of other stands. The greatest total soil faunal abundance was observed in C. camphora, and this high abundance was due to a greater proportion of microbivores (75.4 %), whereas the detritivores, herbivores, and predators exhibited greater abundance in T. sinensis than in the other stands due to the high-quality litter input (low C/P and C/N ratios) and low tree biomass. The distribution of soil fauna across the habitat layers was significantly influenced by tree species changes, with the most pronounced differences occurring in the soil layer rather than in the litter layer. Finally, soil properties, rather than litter and plant conditions, were the primary factors explaining interspecific variations in total abundance and total diversity of the soil fauna and the QBS index, accounting for 61.6 %, 71.7 %, and 34.4 % of the variation, respectively. The results from the common garden experiment suggest that the change in the soil faunal community due to tree species identity was greater in the soil layer than in the litter layer, with the crucial determinant being tree-species-mediated soil properties. These insights enhance our understanding of the effect of tree species on soil faunal communities, which is essential for biodiversity conservation in artificial forests and for guiding tree species selection.

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树种介导的土壤特性对土壤层中土壤动物群落结构的影响更大:来自普通花园实验的证据
土壤动物群落在森林生态系统的土壤生物地球化学循环中发挥着至关重要的作用,树种组成通过改变栖息地条件和养分供应来调节其多样性和功能性。然而,由于难以区分树种引起的生境变化与历史环境条件的影响,因此确定树种对土壤动物群落的影响仍然具有挑战性。在此,我们在 2015 年建立的一个气候、土壤和土地利用条件一致的普通花园中开展了一项实地研究,以明确土壤动物群落对树种变化的反应。经过5年的人工林生长,我们评估了四种闭冠阔叶林(Cinnamomum septentrionale、Cinnamomum camphora、Cinnamomum longepaniculatum和Toona sinensis)在枯落物层和土壤层之间树种身份和土壤动物群落结构的差异。我们发现,四种阔叶树的土壤动物群落差异显著,其中 18.7% 以鞘翅目昆虫为主,67.2% 以蛔虫为主,微食性动物的比例相对较高(65.5%)。与其他林分相比,C. longepaniculatum 林分的类群组成差异最大,而 T. sinensis 林分的土壤生物质量最高,其 QBS 值是其他林分的 1.25 倍。樟子松的土壤动物总丰度最高,这种高丰度是由于微食性动物的比例较大(75.4%),而由于高质量的枯落物输入(低 C/P 和 C/N 比)和低树木生物量,T. sinensis 的吸附性动物、草食性动物和捕食性动物的丰度高于其他林分。土壤动物在栖息地各层的分布受到树种变化的显著影响,最明显的差异发生在土壤层而非枯落物层。最后,土壤特性而非枯落物和植物条件是解释土壤动物群落总丰度和总多样性以及 QBS 指数种间差异的主要因素,分别占差异的 61.6%、71.7% 和 34.4%。普通花园实验的结果表明,树种身份导致的土壤动物群落变化在土壤层比在枯落物层更大,关键的决定因素是树种介导的土壤特性。这些见解加深了我们对树种对土壤动物群落影响的理解,这对人工林生物多样性保护和指导树种选择至关重要。
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来源期刊
Applied Soil Ecology
Applied Soil Ecology 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
9.70
自引率
4.20%
发文量
363
审稿时长
5.3 months
期刊介绍: Applied Soil Ecology addresses the role of soil organisms and their interactions in relation to: sustainability and productivity, nutrient cycling and other soil processes, the maintenance of soil functions, the impact of human activities on soil ecosystems and bio(techno)logical control of soil-inhabiting pests, diseases and weeds.
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