Applied Soil Ecology最新文献

Ecotypes shape extracellular enzyme stoichiometries via microbial resource allocation 生态型通过微生物资源分配塑造细胞外酶的化学计量学特性

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105744

Kaikai Min , Laurel Lynch , Xuefeng Zhu , Fusheng Chen , Chao Liang

Microorganisms allocate resources toward extracellular enzyme production in order to acquire limiting nutrients from complex organic matter. However, it remains unclear whether exoenzymatic stoichiometries (e.g., ratios between carbon-, nitrogen-, and/or phosphorus-acquiring enzymes) vary between natural and managed ecosystems. Accordingly, we assessed relationships between microbial community composition, exoenzymatic stoichiometries, and life history strategies (e.g., copiotrophs versus oligotrophs) in old growth forest and cropland soils. We found that cropland soils were associated with more abundant copiotrophic taxa, lignin degradation, and higher activities of nitrogen-acquiring and oxidative enzymes, while forest soils were associated with more abundant oligotrophic taxa, cellulose turnover, and larger microbial biomass pools. Two keystone taxa, Basidiomycota and Alphaproteobacteria, played strong roles in regulating exoenzymatic stoichiometries across both ecosystems. Notably, co-occurrence network analysis suggested relationships between exoenzymatic stoichiometries and microbial life-history strategies were stronger in disturbed cropland soils than old growth forest soils. Based on these results, we suggest increasing the quantity and diversity of organic matter inputs to cropland soils, while protecting forest soils through adaptive management practices, could enhance carbon flows through the microbial loop and promote soil organic carbon sequestration. Incorporating exoenzymatic stoichiometries into trait-based frameworks could further improve our ability to predict how changes in microbial community structure scale up to influence ecosystem function.

微生物将资源分配给细胞外酶的生产，以便从复杂的有机物中获取限制性营养物质。然而，外酶化学计量（例如碳、氮和/或磷获取酶之间的比例）在自然生态系统和受管理的生态系统之间是否存在差异仍不清楚。因此，我们评估了古老森林土壤和耕地土壤中微生物群落组成、外酶化学结构和生活史策略（如共养生物和寡养生物）之间的关系。我们发现，耕地土壤与更丰富的共养类群、木质素降解以及更高的氮获取酶和氧化酶活性有关，而森林土壤则与更丰富的寡养类群、纤维素周转和更大的微生物生物量池有关。两个关键类群--担子菌群（Basidiomycota）和变形蛋白菌群（Alphaproteobacteria）在调节这两个生态系统的外酶化学计量方面发挥了重要作用。值得注意的是，共现网络分析表明，在受干扰的耕地土壤中，外酶化学结构与微生物生活史策略之间的关系要强于古老的森林土壤。基于这些结果，我们认为，在通过适应性管理措施保护森林土壤的同时，增加耕地土壤有机物质输入的数量和多样性，可以通过微生物循环加强碳流，促进土壤有机碳固存。将外酶化学计量学纳入基于性状的框架，可以进一步提高我们预测微生物群落结构变化如何扩大影响生态系统功能的能力。

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引用次数: 0

Earthworm inoculation in degraded soils: A meta-analysis 退化土壤中的蚯蚓接种：荟萃分析

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105745

Lucas Petit-dit-Grézériat , Magali Rault , Cécile Serbource , Céline Pelosi

Earthworms are key soil organisms involved in several soil functions. Earthworm inoculation can be used in the context of the agroecological transition and of Nature-based solutions to produce food while restoring soil fertility. In this meta-analysis we wanted to identify the earthworm inoculation parameters (density of the inoculated earthworms, time between inoculation and sampling, presence/absence of physical barriers, and number of species inoculated) that lead to a successful intervention (earthworm abundance and biomass increase).

For this quantitative analysis of earthworm inoculation success, we exhaustively reviewed the literature using the ISI Web of Knowledge with the “All Databases” option. We selected articles on field experiments that compared earthworm abundance or biomass in the inoculated area and in a clearly defined control area (same sampling period). We excluded articles on laboratory studies, vermicomposting, and non-intentional earthworm introduction.

Based on the 25 studies included in the corpus, the meta-analysis showed an increase in the abundance of inoculated earthworm species (4.48-fold) and of the whole earthworm community (1.55-fold). When >150 individuals m⁻² were inoculated, the abundance of the inoculated earthworm species increased by a factor of 48.0 compared with the control plot. By monitoring the efficiency after at least 2 years, the increase in inoculated species abundance reached a factor of 37.0. Conversely, in short-term studies (<1 year), this increase factor was not significant and was reduced to 1.9. Multi-species inoculations (i.e., different ecological categories of earthworms) could be more efficient (inoculated species abundance and total community biomass increases by a factor of 30.3 and 3.6, respectively). In a soil restoration perspective, an efficient inoculation must be designed in function of the targeted soil functions.

To perform a successful inoculation, we recommend to inoculate >150 individuals m⁻², preferably of different species, and to assess their establishment after a relatively long interval (>2 years after inoculation).

蚯蚓是关键的土壤生物，参与多种土壤功能。蚯蚓接种可用于农业生态转型和基于自然的解决方案，在生产粮食的同时恢复土壤肥力。在这项荟萃分析中，我们希望确定导致成功干预（蚯蚓数量和生物量增加）的蚯蚓接种参数（接种蚯蚓的密度、接种与取样之间的时间间隔、物理障碍的存在/不存在以及接种物种的数量）。为了对蚯蚓接种的成功率进行定量分析，我们使用 ISI 知识网的 "所有数据库 "选项详尽查阅了相关文献。我们选择了实地实验方面的文章，这些文章比较了接种区域和明确界定的对照区域（同一采样期）的蚯蚓数量或生物量。我们排除了有关实验室研究、蚯蚓堆肥和非故意引入蚯蚓的文章。根据语料库中的 25 项研究，荟萃分析表明，接种蚯蚓物种的丰度增加了 4.48 倍，整个蚯蚓群落的丰度增加了 1.55 倍。当接种 150 m-2 的个体时，接种蚯蚓物种的数量比对照小区增加了 48.0 倍。通过至少两年后对效率的监测，接种物种数量的增加达到了 37.0 倍。相反，在短期研究（1 年）中，这一增加系数并不显著，降至 1.9。多物种接种（即不同生态类别的蚯蚓）可能更有效（接种物种丰度和群落总生物量分别增加了 30.3 倍和 3.6 倍）。为了成功接种，我们建议接种 150 m-2 的蚯蚓个体，最好是不同种类的蚯蚓，并在较长的间隔期（接种后 2 年）后评估它们的建立情况。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of drought and litter types on litter decomposition in desert-oasis ecotone 干旱和枯落物类型对沙漠-绿洲生态区枯落物分解的影响

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105742

Hao Huang, Hengfang Wang, Li Sun, Zhengxian Mo, Yabei Zhang, Shengtao Wei

Plant litter is a crucial source for soil fertility and the soil organic carbon pool, with its decomposition process significantly influenced by both climate conditions and the quality of the litter itself. Litter from different organs of the same plant often exhibits varying quality traits. However, information on how litter decomposition responds to drought and various plant organs within desert ecosystems is relatively scarce. In this study, we analyzed the impacts of litter input on soil stoichiometric characteristics, enzyme activity, and microbial community structure under different drought conditions through decomposition experiments (lasting 360 days) of litter from two types of desert plants (Suaeda salsa and Nitraria tangutorum) with various organs (root, stem, leaf), subjected to three levels of natural drought (gravimetric soil moisture at W1: 7.1 %, W2: 4.1 %, W3: 1.8 %). The results indicate that: (i) There are no significant differences in the mass loss of litter across the drought gradients in desert ecosystem. The initial chemical characteristics of litter (especially phosphorus) and the types of litter organs are the main factors influencing litter decomposition. (ii) The mixing of litter (mixing of identical organs) did not promote decomposition but increased nitrogen loss (p < 0.05), which was suppressed by aridity; mixing of litter also enhanced the effectiveness of soil nutrients. (iii) Litter decomposition increased soil nutrients and enzyme activity, improved soil nutrient conditions, and alleviated nitrogen and phosphorus limitations in the soil. (iv) Both aridity and litter organs are factors influencing the structure of soil microbial communities, but the different types of litter organs are the primary reason for differences in soil microbial community composition, with a greater impact on fungal communities than on bacterial ones. In soil treated with root litter, the fungal community was predominantly composed of Ascomycetes (relative abundance >99 %), while the leaf and stem litters were dominated by Ascomycetes (relative abundance 56.1–98.7 %) and Basidiomycetes (relative abundance 0.8–43.9 %). These results suggest that in desert ecosystems, litter primarily influences soil nutrient cycling through its own nutrient content and organs.

植物废弃物是土壤肥力和土壤有机碳库的重要来源，其分解过程受气候条件和废弃物本身质量的影响很大。来自同一植物不同器官的枯落物往往表现出不同的质量特征。然而，有关荒漠生态系统中枯落物分解如何应对干旱和不同植物器官的信息相对较少。在本研究中，我们通过对两种沙漠植物（Suaeda salsa 和 Nitraria tangutorum）不同器官（根、茎、叶）的枯落物进行分解实验（持续 360 天），分析了在不同干旱条件下枯落物的输入对土壤化学计量特性、酶活性和微生物群落结构的影响（重力土壤湿度 W1：7.1%；W2：4.1%；W3：1.8%）。结果表明(i) 荒漠生态系统中不同干旱梯度的枯落物质量损失没有明显差异。枯落物的初始化学特征（尤其是磷）和枯落物器官的类型是影响枯落物分解的主要因素。(ii) 凋落物的混合（相同器官的混合）并不促进分解，但增加了氮的损失（p <0.05），干旱抑制了氮的损失；凋落物的混合还提高了土壤养分的有效性。(iii) 凋落物分解增加了土壤养分和酶的活性，改善了土壤养分状况，缓解了土壤中氮和磷的限制。(iv) 干旱和枯落物器官都是影响土壤微生物群落结构的因素，但不同类型的枯落物器官是造成土壤微生物群落组成差异的主要原因，对真菌群落的影响大于细菌群落。在根屑处理过的土壤中，真菌群落主要由子囊菌（相对丰度为 99%）组成，而叶屑和茎屑则以子囊菌（相对丰度为 56.1-98.7%）和担子菌（相对丰度为 0.8-43.9%）为主。这些结果表明，在沙漠生态系统中，枯落物主要通过其自身的养分含量和器官影响土壤养分循环。

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引用次数: 0

Profiling of farmland microorganisms in maize and minor-grain crops under extreme drought conditions 极端干旱条件下玉米和小粒谷物作物中农田微生物的特征分析

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105743

Lixin Tian , Mengmeng Han , Kaili Liang , Huihui Liu , Baili Feng

Soil microorganisms are ubiquitous in farmland, however, knowledge regarding the drought resistance of minor grain crops from the perspective of root-associated microbial communities is still poorly understood. We investigated the composition, diversity, co-occurrence network, and assembly process of bacterial and fungal communities in rhizosphere and root of sorghum, broomcorn millet, and foxtail millet under extreme drought conditions, with widely planted maize as the control. These results showed that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were enriched in rhizosphere and root of broomcorn millet, respectively, and the relative abundances of Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes, and bacterial alpha diversity in rhizosphere and root of sorghum were the larger than those of the other three crops, which was attribute to the lowest contents of organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen (TN). The bacterial network of broomcorn millet and fungal network of foxtail millet were more complex than those of maize, showing higher nodes, edges, density, and average degree. The NTI values of bacterial community in rhizosphere and root of broomcorn millet were greater than those of maize, indicating broomcorn millet had closer phylogenetic relationships. This study revealed the significant advantages of planting minor-grain crops from the perspectives of microorganisms under extreme drought conditions, which can be used to optimize the planting management strategies of farmland.

土壤微生物在农田中无处不在，然而，从根相关微生物群落的角度来看，人们对小宗粮食作物的抗旱性仍然知之甚少。我们以广泛种植的玉米为对照，研究了极端干旱条件下高粱、扫帚粟和狐尾粟根圈和根部细菌和真菌群落的组成、多样性、共生网络和组装过程。结果表明，高粱根圈和根部分别富集了固着菌和蛋白菌，高粱根圈和根部的尾孢菌属和欧顶孢菌属的相对丰度以及细菌的α-多样性均大于其他三种作物，这与高粱根圈和根部的有机质（OM）和总氮（TN）含量最低有关。黍的细菌网络和狐尾黍的真菌网络比玉米的复杂，显示出更高的节点、边缘、密度和平均度。肉角粟根圈和根部细菌群落的 NTI 值均大于玉米，表明肉角粟的系统发育关系更为密切。该研究从微生物角度揭示了极端干旱条件下种植小杂粮作物的显著优势，可用于优化农田种植管理策略。

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引用次数: 0

Hotspot enlargement and shortening hot moments in the rhizosphere to acquire labile phosphorus from fungal necromass in response to warming effects 为应对气候变暖效应，扩大根瘤菌圈的热点并缩短热点时刻，以便从真菌坏死物中获取可溶性磷

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105740

Duyen Thi Thu Hoang , Ali Feizi , Viola Stelmach-Kardel , Kazem Zamanian , Xuechen Zhang , Marius Schmitt , Michaela A. Dippold , Agata Gryta , Magdalena Frąc , Bahar S. Razavi

Fungal necromass is a potential energy and nutrient source for microorganisms and plants, yet the elevated temperature accelerates turnover rate of this source while enhances plant nutrient demand. However, a critical question that remains inadequately addressed is whether fungal necromass can be utilized to offset the effects of warming on plant nutrient demand, helping to sustain plant growth in changing climates. In this study, two maize varieties, including a wild-type and root-hair-defective rth3 mutant, were grown in phosphorus (P) deficient soil at temperatures of 20 °C and 30 °C to detect the mechanisms driving the fungal necromass turnover under warming effects and plant root genotypes. By applying in situ zymography, we observed that the percentage of hotspot area in the rhizosphere increases by 65–82 % with a 10 °C temperature rise. However, when fungal necromass was introduced to the soil, the hotspot percentage at 20 °C was 44–116 % higher compared to 30 °C. Additionally, the addition of necromass significantly enlarged the hotspot percentage as compared to zero necromass treatment, particularly at 20 °C. The shorter turnover time of soil organic matter (SOM) at 30 °C compared to 20 °C, following the addition of fungal necromass, clearly indicated that the combined effects of warming and added necromass-derived C and P compounds accelerated SOM decomposition. The formation of a fish-bone root structure in the maize mutant could be a compensatory strategy in response to the absence of root hairs under warming conditions. These fish-bone roots potentially enhanced the acquisition of labile C and P from the added fungal necromass. Furthermore, the unchanged K_m but increased V_max in necromass-treated soil under 30 °C suggested that microorganisms allocate their energy resources to synthesizing more enzymes rather than increasing enzyme efficiency in response to warming stress. Overall, as an easily decomposed substances, fungal necromass mediates the response of the dynamic interactions between plants and microorganisms to rising temperature by enlarging the hotspot percentage by 88 % but shortening duration of organic matter decomposition up to 125 %. Therefore, these processes can be considered as the adaptation of agro-ecosystems to global warming.

真菌腐质是微生物和植物的潜在能量和营养源，然而温度升高会加快这一来源的周转速度，同时增加植物对营养的需求。然而，一个仍未得到充分解决的关键问题是，能否利用真菌新菌体来抵消气候变暖对植物养分需求的影响，从而帮助植物在不断变化的气候中维持生长。在这项研究中，两个玉米品种（包括野生型和根毛缺陷rth3突变体）分别在20 °C和30 °C的缺磷土壤中生长，以检测气候变暖效应和植物根系基因型下真菌坏死物质周转的驱动机制。通过原位酶谱分析，我们观察到温度上升 10 °C，根瘤菌圈中热点区域的百分比会增加 65-82%。然而，在土壤中加入真菌新菌体后，20 °C时的热点面积百分比比30 °C时高44-116%。此外，与零新菌体处理相比，添加新菌体能显著提高热点百分比，尤其是在 20 °C 时。添加真菌新菌体后，30 °C下土壤有机质（SOM）的周转时间比20 °C下更短，这清楚地表明，在升温和添加新菌体衍生的C和P化合物的共同作用下，SOM的分解速度加快。玉米突变体中鱼骨状根结构的形成可能是对升温条件下根毛缺失的一种补偿策略。这些鱼骨根可能增强了从添加的真菌新菌体中获取可溶性碳和钾的能力。此外，在 30 °C条件下，经坏死物质处理的土壤中的Km不变，但Vmax增加，这表明微生物将其能量资源用于合成更多的酶，而不是提高酶的效率，以应对变暖的压力。总之，真菌新菌体作为一种易分解物质，通过将热点百分比扩大 88%，但将有机物分解持续时间缩短 125%，调解了植物和微生物之间的动态相互作用对温度升高的响应。因此，这些过程可被视为农业生态系统对全球变暖的适应。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of soil microorganisms on aggregate stability during vegetation recovery in degraded granitic red soil areas 退化花岗岩红壤地区植被恢复期间土壤微生物对聚合稳定性的影响

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105734

Shuting Liu , Zhe Lin , Xiaoqian Duan , Yusong Deng

Soil aggregates determine the soil structure, and the various cementitious substances produced by microorganisms can affect the composition and stability of soil aggregates. Currently, the characteristics of soil microorganisms and the mechanisms of aggregate stability during vegetation restoration in granite erosion areas remain unclear. In this study, the following five vegetation restoration stages in erosion zones were examined: bare land (LD), grassland (CD), grassland–shrub transition land (CG), shrubland (GM), and secondary forest (CS). By analyzing the relationships among the microbial community structure, aggregate stability, and soil physicochemical properties, the key factors influencing soil aggregate stability were identified. The findings revealed that with vegetation restoration, the stability of soil aggregates (mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD)) and the content of water-stable aggregates larger than 0.25 mm (WR_0.25) increased, and the stability was greater in the soil surface layer than in the subsurface layer. High-throughput sequencing demonstrated a notable increase in the Shannon diversity index and richness index of the soil microorganisms in the soil surface layer compared with those at the LD stage. Pearson correlation analysis revealed positive associations between the soil aggregate stability and the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria, archaea, and nutrients such as soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and available nitrogen (AN). The redundancy analysis results indicated that the relative abundance of key phyla such as Thermoplasmatota, Ascomycota, Actinobacteriota, and Proteobacteria, along with the α diversity of bacteria and archaea in the soil surface layer, accounted for 85.90 % of the overall formation and stabilization of soil aggregates with particle sizes of 2 mm and 1–2 mm. Notably, Actinobacteriota was the primary contributor, explaining 82.6 % of the total variance in the soil aggregate stability. Actinobacteriota also significantly increased the soil nutrient content and aggregate stability. These findings provide an important scientific basis for soil quality improvement in granite erosion areas.

土壤团聚体决定了土壤结构，而微生物产生的各种胶凝物质会影响土壤团聚体的组成和稳定性。目前，花岗岩侵蚀区植被恢复过程中土壤微生物的特征和骨料稳定性的机制仍不清楚。本研究考察了侵蚀区的以下五个植被恢复阶段：裸地（LD）、草地（CD）、草地-灌木过渡地（CG）、灌木地（GM）和次生林（CS）。通过分析微生物群落结构、团聚体稳定性和土壤理化性质之间的关系，确定了影响土壤团聚体稳定性的关键因素。研究结果表明，随着植被的恢复，土壤团聚体的稳定性（平均重量直径（MWD）和几何平均直径（GMD））和大于 0.25 毫米（WR0.25）的水稳团聚体的含量都有所增加，而且土壤表层的稳定性高于地下层。高通量测序表明，与 LD 阶段相比，土壤表层土壤微生物的香农多样性指数和丰富度指数显著增加。皮尔逊相关分析表明，土壤团聚体稳定性与土壤细菌、古菌的丰度和多样性以及土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）和可利用氮（AN）等养分之间存在正相关。冗余分析结果表明，土壤表层中热菌群、子囊菌群、放线菌群和蛋白菌群等关键菌门的相对丰度，以及细菌和古细菌的α多样性，在粒径为 2 毫米和 1-2 毫米的土壤团聚体的整体形成和稳定过程中占 85.90%。值得注意的是，放线菌群是主要贡献者，占土壤团聚体稳定性总变异的 82.6%。放线菌群还能显著提高土壤养分含量和聚合稳定性。这些发现为改善花岗岩侵蚀地区的土壤质量提供了重要的科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter microbiome structure of rhizosphere soil to enhance Festuca elata tolerance to Cd 丛枝菌根真菌改变根瘤土壤的微生物组结构，提高马齿苋对镉的耐受性

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105735

Xueyi Hu , Lina Xu , Yufan Yuan , Xiao Guo , Wei Li , Shaoxia Guo

The remediation of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil has attracted much attention. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi combined with phytoremediation is an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly remediation strategy. However, it is not clear the regulation of AM fungi on Cd stress by altering microbiome structure of rhizosphere soil. Here, Funneliformis mosseae was inoculated to determine the Festuca elata growth indexes, organic acids secreted by roots, Cd uptake, and rhizosphere microbial community in soil cultivation. The results showed that under Cd stress, AM fungi promoted the plant growth compared with no inoculation group. Cd contents in shoot and root cell wall increased by 20.63 %, and 16.66 %, respectively. The activities of soil saccharase and urease, and the absorption capacity of nitrogen were significantly increased upon AM fungi symbiosis. Meanwhile, AM fungal symbiosis promoted the secretion of organic acids from plant roots, reduced rhizosphere soil pH, and significantly increased the concentration of DTPA Cd in soil. Furthermore, AM fungi increased the relative abundance of beneficial rhizosphere bacteria (Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria), which could resistant the heavy metals stress and promote plant growth. Correlation analysis showed that total organic acid content was significantly positively correlated with Myxococcota, Chloroflexi and Glomeromycota. It is suggesting that AM fungi could enhance the resistance to Cd stress in F. elata by altering the rhizosphere microbial community. These findings provide insights into the effects of AM fungi on plants growth and rhizosphere microorganisms under Cd stress, and provides theoretical basis to further improve Cd-contaminated soil phytoremediation.

重金属镉（Cd）污染土壤的修复备受关注。丛枝菌根（AM）真菌与植物修复相结合是一种高效、经济、环保的修复策略。然而，AM 真菌通过改变根瘤土壤微生物组结构对镉胁迫的调控作用尚不清楚。本文接种了Funneliformis mosseae，测定了土壤栽培中Festuca elata的生长指数、根系分泌的有机酸、镉吸收量和根圈微生物群落。结果表明，在镉胁迫下，与不接种组相比，AM 真菌促进了植物的生长。芽和根细胞壁中的镉含量分别增加了 20.63 % 和 16.66 %。AM真菌共生后，土壤糖酶和脲酶的活性以及对氮的吸收能力显著提高。同时，AM 真菌共生促进了植物根部有机酸的分泌，降低了根圈土壤的 pH 值，并显著提高了土壤中 DTPA Cd 的浓度。此外，AM 真菌还增加了根圈有益菌（放线菌、绿僵菌和蛋白菌）的相对丰度，从而可以抵抗重金属胁迫，促进植物生长。相关分析表明，总有机酸含量与 Myxococcota、Chloroflexi 和 Glomeromycota 呈显著正相关。这表明 AM 真菌可以通过改变根瘤微生物群落来增强 F. elata 对镉胁迫的抗性。这些发现有助于深入了解镉胁迫下AM真菌对植物生长和根瘤微生物的影响，为进一步改善镉污染土壤的植物修复提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

The diazotrophic bacteria Azospirillum baldaniorum and A. brasilense improve wheat seedlings' nitrogen budget through ammonia scavenging 重氮细菌 Azospirillum baldaniorum 和 A. brasilense 通过清除氨改善小麦幼苗的氮预算

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105737

Teresa Dias , Kamran Azmaliyev , Juliana Melo , Ana Margarida Santos , Patrícia Correia , Cristina Cruz

Besides N₂ fixation, we consider that other diazotrophic traits can be explored to increase plants' nitrogen (N) budget. Here, we report initial results of the capacity of the diazotrophic plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Azospirillum baldaniorum and A. brasilense to improve wheat seedlings' N budget through ammonia (NH₃) scavenging. We inoculated wheat seedlings with two Azospirillum strains (A. baldaniorum Sp245 and A. brasilense ARG2) and determined its effect on plant biomass, N content and N isotopic signatures (i.e., δ¹⁵N). Furthermore, using bipartite Petri dishes, we grew the Azospirillum strains under increasingly alkaline conditions (from pH 7.5 to 10.0), which created a gradient of atmospheric NH₃ concentrations ([NH₃]), and we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants to explore the involvement of the AMT/MEP/Rh proteins in atmospheric NH₃ scavenging. Wheat seedlings inoculated with A. baldaniorum Sp245 and A. brasilense ARG2 increased their N content by 65 and 94 % (respectively), and their negative N isotopic signatures (around −10 ‰, which contrasted with positive signatures in control plants) were compatible with NH₃ transport through AMT/MEP/Rh transporters, but not with N₂ fixation. Furthermore, increasing the atmospheric [NH₃] stimulated the growth rate of the Azospirillum strains up to 5-fold in relation to ambient atmospheric [NH₃], showing that both Azospirillum strains scavenged the atmospheric NH₃ and used it to grow. Our data clearly show that: i) NH₃ scavenging by A. baldaniorum Sp245 and A. brasilense ARG2 is involved in increasing plant's N budget; and ii) NH₃ transport through AMT/MEP/Rh protein family transporters is involved in microbial NH₃ scavenging. This overlooked microbial trait can be an interesting tool to mitigate atmospheric [NH₃], especially in farming environments.

除了氮固定之外，我们认为还可以利用其他重氮性状来增加植物的氮预算。在此，我们报告了重氮植物生长促进根瘤菌 Azospirillum baldaniorum 和 A. brasilense 通过清除氨（NH3）改善小麦幼苗氮预算能力的初步结果。我们给小麦幼苗接种了两种 Azospirillum 菌株（A. baldaniorum Sp245 和 A. brasilense ARG2），并测定了它们对植物生物量、氮含量和氮同位素特征（即 δ15N）的影响。此外，我们使用双层培养皿，在碱性越来越强的条件下（pH 值从 7.5 到 10.0）培养 Azospirillum 菌株，从而形成大气中 NH3 浓度（[NH3]）的梯度，并使用酿酒酵母突变体来探索 AMT/MEP/Rh 蛋白参与大气 NH3 清除的情况。接种了A. baldaniorum Sp245和A. brasilense ARG2的小麦幼苗的氮含量分别增加了65%和94%，它们的负氮同位素特征（约-10 ‰，与对照植物的正同位素特征形成鲜明对比）与通过AMT/MEP/Rh转运体转运NH3而非固定N2相一致。此外，增加大气中的[NH3]可刺激 Azospirillum 菌株的生长速度，与环境中的[NH3]相比，可提高 5 倍，这表明这两种 Azospirillum 菌株都能清除大气中的 NH3 并利用其生长。我们的数据清楚地表明：i）A. baldaniorum Sp245 和 A. brasilense ARG2 的 NH3 清除参与了增加植物的氮预算；ii）通过 AMT/MEP/Rh 蛋白家族转运体的 NH3 转运参与了微生物的 NH3 清除。这种被忽视的微生物特性可以成为缓解大气[NH3]的有趣工具，尤其是在农业环境中。

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引用次数: 0

Organic amendments alter urban soil microbiomes and improve crop quality 有机添加剂改变城市土壤微生物群落，提高作物质量

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105731

Joshua Garcia , Mariel Mondragon-Becerra , Ivan Martinez , Mallika Nocco , Cristina Lazcano

Urban agriculture has the potential to support the health and sustainability of urban communities across the globe. Nonetheless, little information is available on urban soil management and strategies for supporting different aspects of soil health in the context of urban farming. We performed a greenhouse trial to investigate the effects of a variety of organic amendments derived from local municipal waste products on the soil microbiome as well as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, L.) productivity and quality in an urban agricultural soil from the San Francisco Bay Area (USA). We hypothesized that organic soil amendments could enhance microbial abundance, activity, and diversity in urban soils, however the specific effects may be dependent on the physicochemical and biological properties of the amendments used. Further, we hypothesized these shifts in soil biology could correspond to changes in crop productivity and quality. Liquid food waste hydrolysate and mixed herbivore waste compost increased microbial abundance in the soil compared to mineral fertilizer, likely due to increases in available carbon and nutrients. Analysis of potential extracellular enzyme activity showed solid amendments could enhance microbial carbon cycling in the soil as a result of increases in organic matter. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that solid amendments altered the composition of the soil microbiome, including the relative abundances of dominant soil bacterial phyla. Mineral-fertilized tomato plants generally had higher productivity and yields compared to plants grown with amendments, but plants treated with the hydrolysate and mixed herbivore waste compost had enhanced fruit soluble sugar content (i.e., °Brix). This study documents significant effects of diverse amendments derived from local municipal waste products on microbiomes found in urban soils. Further, the data suggests linkages between soil management, soil biology, and crop taste, which should be explored in future research.

城市农业具有支持全球城市社区健康和可持续发展的潜力。然而，关于城市土壤管理和支持城市农业不同方面土壤健康的策略的信息却很少。我们在旧金山湾区（美国）的城市农业土壤中进行了一项温室试验，研究从当地城市废物中提取的各种有机添加剂对土壤微生物组以及番茄（Solanum lycopersicum, L.）产量和质量的影响。我们假设，有机土壤改良剂可以提高城市土壤中微生物的丰度、活性和多样性，但具体效果可能取决于所用改良剂的物理化学和生物特性。此外，我们还假设土壤生物学的这些变化可能与作物产量和质量的变化相对应。与矿物肥料相比，液态食物垃圾水解物和混合草食动物垃圾堆肥增加了土壤中微生物的丰度，这可能是由于可用碳和养分的增加。对潜在胞外酶活性的分析表明，由于有机物的增加，固体添加剂可促进土壤中微生物的碳循环。16S rRNA 测序表明，固体添加剂改变了土壤微生物组的组成，包括主要土壤细菌门的相对丰度。与施用添加剂的植物相比，施用矿物质肥料的番茄植株一般具有更高的生产力和产量，但使用水解物和混合食草动物废物堆肥处理的植株果实可溶性糖含量（即 °Brix）更高。这项研究记录了从当地城市废弃物中提取的各种添加剂对城市土壤中微生物群的重大影响。此外，这些数据还表明土壤管理、土壤生物学和作物口味之间存在联系，应在今后的研究中加以探讨。

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引用次数: 0

Relationships between yield, enzymatic activity, and chemical properties across different soil layers and phenological stages of grapevines in southern Brazil 巴西南部不同土壤层和不同物候期葡萄产量、酶活性和化学特性之间的关系

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105732

Estéfany Pawlowski , Lisiane Sobucki , Jorge Gustavo Pinheiro Barbosa , Vicente Guilherme Handte , Isabela Biolo Vieira , Gustavo Brunetto , Ieda de Carvalho Mendes , Rodrigo Josemar Seminoti Jacques

The activities of the enzymes β-glucosidase (GLU) and arylsulfatase (ARYL) in annual crop soils can now be determined in several commercial laboratories in Brazil. The results are used to assess soil quality and recommend management practices. However, this technology is not yet available for vineyards. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the activities of soil GLU and ARYL enzymes are related to grapevine yield and chemical properties in sandy vineyard soils, and to define the phenological stage of the crop and the soil sampling layer that best characterize these relationships. Soil and plant samples were collected in a commercial Vitis vinifera L. vineyard located in the extreme south of Brazil during the 2022/23. The soil was sampled in three layers (0–0.05, 0–0.10, and 0–0.20 m) and at four phenological stages (bud burst, full flowering, veraison, and post-harvest). The activities of the soil enzymes GLU and ARYL, the nutrient content of the soil and the leaf, the quality of the must, and the relative yield (RY) of the grapevine were evaluated. The RY was related to the activity of these enzymes. The best regression model adjustments were observed after harvest and in the 0–0.10 m layer. Enzyme activity was also significantly related to soil organic C and total N, as well as other soil properties, mainly P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn. The activities of GLU and ARYL enzymes were related to grapevine yield and chemical properties in sandy vineyard soils and soil sampling in the 0–0.10 m layer after harvest is recommended.

现在，巴西的一些商业实验室可以测定一年生作物土壤中β-葡萄糖苷酶（GLU）和芳基硫酸酯酶（ARYL）的活性。检测结果可用于评估土壤质量和推荐管理方法。然而，这项技术还不能用于葡萄园。本研究的目的是评估土壤中 GLU 和 ARYL 酶的活性是否与葡萄产量和沙质葡萄园土壤的化学特性有关，并确定最能体现这些关系的作物物候期和土壤采样层。2022/23 年期间，在巴西最南部的一个商业葡萄园采集了土壤和植物样本。土壤采样分三层（0-0.05 米、0-0.10 米和 0-0.20 米），在四个物候期（花蕾期、盛花期、成熟期和采收后）进行。对土壤酶 GLU 和 ARYL 的活性、土壤和叶片的养分含量、葡萄汁的质量以及葡萄的相对产量（RY）进行了评估。相对产量与这些酶的活性有关。收获后和 0-0.10 米层的回归模型调整效果最佳。酶活性还与土壤有机碳和全氮以及其他土壤特性（主要是磷、钾、钙、镁、锌和锰）密切相关。GLU和ARYL酶的活性与葡萄产量和沙质葡萄园土壤的化学特性有关，建议在采收后对0-0.10米土层进行土壤采样。

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引用次数: 0