Applied Soil Ecology最新文献

Hydrological fluctuations govern the decline of microbial carbon pump efficiency by shifting microbial life history strategies and assembly processes in reservoir drawdown zones 水文波动通过改变储层下降区微生物生活史策略和组装过程来控制微生物碳泵效率的下降

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106839

Shengman Zhang , Yuchun Wang , Xueping Chen , Ziyuan Zhang , Dong Zhang , Xiangfeng Huang , Fushun Wang

Accurately assessing the carbon transformation and accumulation efficiency of the soil microbial carbon pump (MCP) is fundamental for deciphering microbially mediated soil carbon sequestration potential. Large-scale river damming has significantly expanded the reservoir drawdown zones globally. However, the mechanisms through which reservoir operations impact soil MCP efficiency within these zones remain poorly understood. This study collected surface soils (0–10 cm) across seven locations and three elevations in the Three Gorges Reservoir drawdown zone. Through soil microcosm incubation experiments integrated with isotope tracing and high-throughput sequencing, we investigated the spatial evolution and regulatory mechanisms of soil MCP efficiency along flooding gradient. Results demonstrated that with increasing flooding duration, the microbial metabolic quotient (qCO₂) increased from 1.88 to 4.45 μgCO₂-C·mg⁻¹MBC·h⁻¹, while microbial carbon accumulation efficiency (mCAE) declined from 38.98% to 21.75%, and amino sugar accumulation efficiency (AAE) decreased from 1.79% to 0.65%. Concomitantly, microbial life-history strategies shifted from K- to r-strategy, and deterministic processes gained prominence in community assembly. Correlation analyses and structural equation modeling identified assembly processes, microbial characteristics, and carbon degradation functional genes as the core drivers of MCP efficiency variation. This study provides the first evidence that reservoir operations significantly reduce soil MCP efficiency in the drawdown zone and reveals the critical regulatory roles of microbial life-history strategies and assembly processes. These findings advance our understanding of MCP processes and their impact on carbon pool stability within reservoir drawdown zones, offering crucial theoretical support for guiding ecological restoration and environmental management in this earth-critical zone, while concurrently enhancing the global carbon sequestration capacity of drawdown zone ecosystems.

准确评估土壤微生物碳泵（MCP）的碳转化和积累效率是破解微生物介导的土壤固碳潜力的基础。大规模的河坝工程在全球范围内显著扩大了水库落差区。然而，油藏作业影响这些层的土壤MCP效率的机制仍然知之甚少。本研究收集了三峡库区7个地点、3个海拔的表层土壤（0-10 cm）。通过土壤微观培养实验，结合同位素示踪和高通量测序，研究了土壤MCP效率沿洪水梯度的空间演化及其调控机制。结果表明，随着淹水时间的延长，微生物代谢商（qCO2）从1.88 μgCO2-C·mg−1MBC·h−1增加到4.45 μgCO2-C·mg−1MBC·h−1，微生物碳积累效率（mCAE）从38.98%下降到21.75%，氨基糖积累效率（AAE）从1.79%下降到0.65%。与此同时，微生物生活史策略从K-策略转向r-策略，确定性过程在群落组装中得到突出体现。相关分析和结构方程建模发现，装配过程、微生物特征和碳降解功能基因是MCP效率变化的核心驱动因素。该研究首次证明了水库作业显著降低了下降区土壤MCP效率，并揭示了微生物生活史策略和组装过程的关键调节作用。这些发现有助于进一步认识水库降水区MCP过程及其对碳库稳定性的影响，为指导水库降水区生态恢复和环境管理提供重要的理论支持，同时增强水库降水区生态系统的全球固碳能力。

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引用次数: 0

Crown-to-ground: Above- and below-ground links mediated by arboreal ants and host tree modify soil aggregation scaling, infiltration, and chemistry 树冠到地面：由树蚁和寄主树介导的地上和地下联系改变了土壤聚集、结垢、渗透和化学

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106828

Nicholas Medina , Lauren Schmitt , Ivette Perfecto , John Vandermeer

Soils are increasingly recognized as complex systems, emphasizing the need to study properties such as long-tailed scaling laws and the role of indirect interactions among arboreal soil invertebrates. However, few studies consider the above-below-ground connections mediated by invertebrate activity. Given previous work showing that arboreal ants can affect ground foragers as well as alter foraging behavior on different host trees, it is plausible that ground ant exclusion mediated by persistent above-ground ant nesting could affect soil properties including structure and chemistry. This study analyzes soil aggregation, water infiltration, and macro-chemical data associated with longer-term arboreal ant nesting in tropical agroforest. Results show that, 1) ant nesting maintained scaling law exponents or fractal dimensions of soil aggregate size distributions, and was significantly associated with larger micro-aggregate diameters and log-normal variance in macro-aggregate size distributions, suggesting more consistent aggregation processes similar to host tree effects; 2) areas around trees with dominant ant nests had three-times faster water infiltration than areas around trees without dominant ant nests; and 3) changes in soil carbon and nitrogen stocks by one-quarter depending on host tree. These patterns are consistent with expected effects of ground ant suppression by a keystone arboreal ant, and are supported by previous studies reporting positive ground ant nest effects on soil chemistry and documenting ground ant foraging as a source of soil aggregate fragmentation. This study presents new ecological processes affecting ecosystem-scale functions, and underscores the need for research on indirect interaction cascades to advance fundamental understanding of whole-ecosystem processes.

人们越来越认识到土壤是一个复杂的系统，强调需要研究诸如长尾标度定律和树木土壤无脊椎动物之间间接相互作用的作用等特性。然而，很少有研究考虑由无脊椎动物活动介导的地上地下联系。鉴于先前的研究表明，树蚁可以影响地面觅食者，并改变在不同寄主树上的觅食行为，因此，由持续的地上蚂蚁筑巢介导的地面蚂蚁排斥可能会影响土壤的性质，包括结构和化学。本研究分析了热带农林复合林中土壤团聚体、水分渗透和宏观化学数据与长期树蚁筑巢的关系。结果表明：1)蚁巢保持了土壤团聚体粒径分布的标度指数或分形维数，且与较大的微观团聚体直径和宏观团聚体粒径分布的对数正态方差显著相关，表明其聚集过程与宿主树效应相似；2)树木周围有优势蚁巢区域的入渗速度是树木周围无优势蚁巢区域的3倍；3)不同寄主树种土壤碳氮储量的变化幅度为四分之一。这些模式与keystone树栖蚂蚁对地蚁抑制的预期效果一致，并且得到了先前研究的支持，这些研究报道了地蚁巢对土壤化学的积极影响，并记录了地蚁觅食是土壤团聚体破碎的来源。本研究提出了影响生态系统尺度功能的新生态过程，并强调了间接相互作用级联研究的必要性，以促进对整个生态系统过程的基本理解。

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引用次数: 0

Arbuscular mycorrhizal field colonization and nursery responsiveness of the Canary endemic Artemisia thuscula along contrasting volcanic island soils 沿对比火山岛土壤的金丝雀特有蒿丛枝菌根田间定植和苗圃响应性

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106832

Marta Selma Garzón-Molina, María C. Jaizme-Vega, Mónica González-González

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance establishment of native shrubs on young volcanic soils, but their functioning is strongly context dependent. Here we provide the first integrated field-nursery assessment (to our knowledge) of how volcanic island soils act as edaphic filters for AM expression in endemic Canarian Artemisia, explicitly contrasting mycorrhizal field colonization with early mycorrhizal responsiveness under standardized conditions. We combined field surveys and a nursery inoculation experiment to assess how volcanic soils filter AM colonization and mycorrhizal responsiveness in three Canary Island Artemisia taxa: the endemics A. thuscula and A. ramosa, and the native A. reptans. Field sampling at four sites on Tenerife spanned strong gradients in soil texture, salinity and soil organic carbon, and we quantified AM colonization, soil properties and leaf nutrients. In parallel, A. thuscula seedlings were grown in volcanic substrate with or without Funneliformis mosseae. Field AM colonization ranged from very low in A. thuscula on finer, more acidic northern soils and in coastal A. ramosa to intermediate in A. reptans and highest in A. thuscula on coarse, moderately saline southern soils, with foliar composition mirroring these gradients (higher K and P in southern A. thuscula, higher Na and Mg in coastal taxa). In the nursery, a single AM inoculation at sowing almost doubled A. thuscula seedling biomass (+93% total dry mass), increased height and stem diameter, and enhanced foliar K, Na and Zn under otherwise similar substrate conditions. These results show that volcanic soils act as edaphic filters for AM symbiosis in insular Artemisia, and that A. thuscula exhibits high mycorrhizal responsiveness when symbiosis is expressed, suggesting that integrating soil filters and AM inoculation into site selection and nursery protocols may improve restoration of endemic shrubs on young volcanic landscapes.

丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）可以促进原生灌木在年轻火山土壤上的建立，但其功能强烈依赖于环境。在这里，我们提供了第一个综合田间苗圃评估（据我们所知），火山岛土壤如何在加纳利特有的青蒿中作为AM表达的土壤过滤器，明确对比了标准化条件下菌根田间定植与早期菌根反应性。本文结合野外调查和苗圃接种试验，研究了火山土壤对加那利群岛特有的a . thuscula和a . ramosa以及本地的a . reptans这三个青蒿类群的AM定植和菌根反应性的影响。在特内里费岛4个采样点的土壤质地、盐度和土壤有机碳具有明显的梯度，并对AM定植、土壤性质和叶片养分进行了定量分析。与此同时，在火山基质中分别生长有或没有苔藓漏斗状虫的石竹幼苗。田间AM定植范围从在较细、酸性较强的北方土壤中的A. thuscula定植极低到在沿海的A. ramosa中居中，而在较粗、中等盐碱度的南方土壤中的A. thuscula定植最高，其叶片组成反映了这些梯度（南部的A. thuscula较高的K和P，沿海分类群较高的Na和Mg）。在苗圃中，播种时单次接种AM，在其他相似基质条件下，柽柳幼苗生物量几乎翻倍（+93%），苗高和茎粗增加，叶面K、Na和Zn含量增加。这些结果表明，火山土壤对岛屿蒿的AM共生具有土壤过滤器的作用，而当共生表达时，A. thuscula表现出较高的菌根响应性，这表明将土壤过滤器和AM接种纳入选址和苗圃方案可能会促进火山幼树景观特有灌木的恢复。

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引用次数: 0

Amputation in Enchytraeus crypticus - a New Approach Methodology (NAM) - assessing the longer-term effects of Cadmium under regeneration stress events 一种评估再生胁迫下镉长期影响的新方法方法（NAM）

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106833

Micael F.M. Gonçalves , Susana I.L. Gomes , Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand , Mónica J.B. Amorim

In natural environments, organisms frequently experience injuries caused by physical disturbance, contamination, or extreme climatic conditions, which may alter their sensitivity to toxic stress. Understanding how such conditions, like injuries, affect organism performance is particularly relevant in ecotoxicology, where exposure to pollutants can interfere with tissue repair and long-term fitness. Enchytraeus crypticus, a standard test soil species, can regenerate posterior segments and therefore offers the opportunity to integrate regeneration capacity as an additional endpoint in toxicity assays.

In the present study, we established a methodology to integrate regeneration as an ecotoxicological testing endpoint, directly in accordance with already established OECD/ISO guidelines for this organism. Furthermore, the impacts of cadmium (Cd) exposure on survival and reproduction were assessed following induced artificial amputation stress, hence under regeneration response processes. Mature adult organisms were amputated and exposed to 0–320 mg Cd kg⁻¹ DW soil in LUFA 2.2 soil. Regeneration success was evaluated at day 7, and survival and reproduction at days 22 and 43. E. crypticus regenerated the complete body in all treatments, except at 320 mg Cd kg⁻¹ DW soil. Survival was similar between amputated and non-amputated organisms at day 22, but at day 43, mortality reached 100% in amputated versus 70% in non-amputated organisms at 320 mg Cd/kg DW soil, indicating increased vulnerability if under prolonged exposure when regeneration is required. Reproduction showed a clear dose-response pattern at both 22 and 43 days. EC₅₀ values for amputated vs. non-amputated organisms were 42 vs. 82 mg Cd kg⁻¹ DW soil (day 22) and 37 vs. 29 mg Cd kg⁻¹ DW soil (day 43), indicating a shift toward improved reproductive performance after regeneration was completed This suggests a compensatory mechanism, one that reallocates energy toward reproduction once regeneration is complete. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both shorter and longer-term biological responses when evaluating the impact of contaminants on soil organisms. Further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying this plasticity could provide deeper insights into the adaptive strategies of E. crypticus in polluted environments.

在自然环境中，生物体经常受到物理干扰、污染或极端气候条件造成的伤害，这可能会改变它们对毒性应激的敏感性。在生态毒理学中，了解诸如损伤之类的情况如何影响生物体的表现尤为重要，因为接触污染物会干扰组织修复和长期健康。隐斑Enchytraeus crypticus是一种标准的测试土壤物种，可以再生后节，因此提供了将再生能力作为毒性分析的附加终点的机会。在目前的研究中，我们建立了一种方法，将再生作为生态毒理学测试终点，直接按照已经建立的经合组织/ISO指导方针。此外，在再生响应过程中，评估了镉暴露对诱导人工截肢应激后存活和繁殖的影响。在LUFA 2.2土壤中切除成熟成虫，暴露于0 ~ 320 mg Cd kg - 1 DW土壤中。第7天评估再生成功，第22天和第43天评估存活和繁殖。除320 mg Cd kg - 1 DW土壤外，所有处理均能再生完整体。在第22天，截肢生物和未截肢生物的存活率相似，但在第43天，在320 mg Cd/kg DW土壤中，截肢生物的死亡率达到100%，而未截肢生物的死亡率为70%，这表明如果长时间暴露在需要再生的环境中，脆弱性会增加。繁殖在22天和43天均表现出明显的剂量-反应模式。断肢生物体与未断肢生物体的EC50值分别为42和82 mg Cd kg - 1 DW土壤（第22天）和37和29 mg Cd kg - 1 DW土壤（第43天），表明再生完成后生殖性能向改善转变。这表明一种补偿机制，即再生完成后将能量重新分配给生殖。这些发现强调了在评估污染物对土壤生物的影响时同时考虑短期和长期生物反应的重要性。对这种可塑性的分子机制的进一步研究可以为隐隐线虫在污染环境中的适应策略提供更深入的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Nondecomposer-mediated nutrient transfer in soils: experimental evidence from Drosophila 土壤中非分解者介导的养分转移：来自果蝇的实验证据

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106830

Yunchao Luo , Run Liu , Tingting Cao , Jiayue Zhang , Mengna Zhao , Ke Li , Zunian Ran , Lin Wang , Xingjun Tian

Animal movement behaviour involves material cycles and energy flows among ecosystems and is fundamental to ecosystem function and species survival. However, apart from material redistribution, such as seed dispersal and excreting faeces, the mechanisms by which animal movements as an energy source affect soil ecosystems remain unclear. In this study, Drosophila was used as a model to simulate the effects of movement during the life cycle of arthropods on the transfer of matter and energy through microcosm experiments. The results showed that Drosophila intentionally select egg-laying sites and remove organic N in situ when they emerge and leave the incubation site. Drosophila leaving the experimental system after emergence significantly reduced the total soil N and NAG enzyme activity in the litter decomposition experiment. A reduced soil nitrogen content affects microbial community structures, decelerating the rate of litter decomposition. However, Drosophila emerged adults that were killed by freezing significantly increased the BG enzyme activity and NAG hotspot areas. The results revealed that small-scale nutrient transfers, i.e., energy movement from nondecomposers, strongly influence soil carbon cycling. Given that nondecomposers occupy a large proportion of ecosystems, further study of this ecological function based on the movement behaviour of animals is crucial.

动物运动行为涉及生态系统之间的物质循环和能量流动，是生态系统功能和物种生存的基础。然而，除了种子传播和排泄粪便等物质再分配外，动物运动作为能量来源影响土壤生态系统的机制尚不清楚。本研究以果蝇为模型，通过微观实验模拟节肢动物生命周期中运动对物质和能量传递的影响。结果表明，果蝇在产卵和离开孵化地点时，会有意识地选择产卵地点并去除原位有机氮。在凋落物分解实验中，羽化后离开实验系统的果蝇显著降低了土壤总氮和NAG酶活性。土壤氮含量降低会影响微生物群落结构，减缓凋落物分解的速度。而冻杀后的果蝇羽化成虫BG酶活性和NAG热点区明显增加。结果表明，小规模的养分转移，即来自非分解者的能量运动，强烈影响土壤碳循环。鉴于非分解者在生态系统中占据很大比例，基于动物运动行为的这种生态功能的进一步研究至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Soil nematode community structure and composition along a pomegranate plantation chronosequence in the Loess Plateau 黄土高原石榴人工林土壤线虫群落结构与组成

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106820

Yuxuan He , Jinglong He , Jinlei Feng , Xinlei Fu , Yingxin Jia , Yuan Miao , Miao Wang , Dong Wang

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), a high-value fruit crop widely cultivated in semi-arid and semi-humid regions, has driven large-scale conversion of conventional croplands into orchards in response to rising global market demand. However, the ecological impacts of this land-use change, particularly how stand age influences the composition and structure of soil nematode communities, remain poorly understood. Using a chronosequence approach, we investigated the effects of orchard establishment on soil nematode communities across different stand ages (1, 3, 5, and 10 years after establishment), with adjacent croplands serving as reference. Compared to conventional farmland, one-year-old plantations exhibited a 53.08% reduction in bacterivorous nematodes and a striking 316.73% increase in fungivorous nematodes (P < 0.05). Stand age significantly affected the Pielou evenness index, nematode channel ratio, maturity index, and basal index of the soil nematode community. Total nematode metabolic footprints, as well as enrichment footprint and structure footprint, peaked in 5-year-old orchards. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the relative abundance of bacterial feeders and the nematode channel ratio were significantly negatively correlated with soil total phosphorus content. The maturity index was positively correlated with soil fungal biomass. NMDS ordination indicated that stand age is a primary driver of nematode community composition, while RDA analysis identified soil total phosphorus, carbon, nitrogen, fungal microbial biomass as key explanatory variables. Our results demonstrate that the age of pomegranate orchards drives significant successional shifts in soil nematode community structure and function, reflecting age-dependent ecosystem development in orchard soils. This study identifies the five-year stage as an ecological tipping point characterized by peak biological activity and optimal nutrient cycling efficiency. These insights support the design of precisely timed management interventions to prolong this productive phase, offering practical strategies for maintaining long-term soil health in orchard ecosystems.

石榴（Punica granatum L.）是一种广泛种植于半干旱半湿润地区的高价值水果作物，为应对不断增长的全球市场需求，石榴已促使传统农田大规模转为果园。然而，这种土地利用变化的生态影响，特别是林龄如何影响土壤线虫群落的组成和结构，仍然知之甚少。采用时间序列法，以邻近农田为参照，研究了不同林龄（建园后1、3、5、10年）果园建设对土壤线虫群落的影响。与常规农田相比，一年生人工林的细菌线虫数量减少了53.08%，真菌线虫数量增加了316.73% （P < 0.05）。林龄显著影响土壤线虫群落的Pielou均匀度指数、线虫通道比、成熟度指数和基础指数。线虫总代谢足迹、富集足迹和结构足迹在5年果园达到峰值。Pearson相关分析显示，食用菌相对丰度和线虫通道比与土壤全磷含量呈显著负相关。成熟度指数与土壤真菌生物量呈显著正相关。NMDS排序表明林龄是线虫群落组成的主要驱动因素，而RDA分析发现土壤全磷、碳、氮和真菌微生物量是线虫群落组成的主要解释变量。研究结果表明，石榴园树龄对土壤线虫群落结构和功能的影响具有显著的演替作用，反映了果园土壤生态系统的年龄依赖性。该研究将5年阶段确定为生物活性峰值和最佳养分循环效率的生态临界点。这些见解支持精确定时管理干预的设计，以延长这一生产阶段，为保持果园生态系统中长期土壤健康提供实用策略。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of silver nanoparticles and nitrile fungicides on soil microbial community structure, metabolic functions, and resistance genes 纳米银和腈杀菌剂对土壤微生物群落结构、代谢功能和抗性基因的影响

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106827

Yiwang Wang , Ting Gao , Jiajia Liu , Shaoheng Bao , Fuli Wang , Ge Yao , Xiaoyan Lin , Shijie Jiang , Jinlong Lai , Penggang Han , Jiang Hui

Nitrile fungicides and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly applied in agriculture, yet their synergistic toxicity to soil ecosystems remains unclear. This study investigated the individual and combined effects of AgNPs and three nitrile fungicides—azoxystrobin, flufenacet, and chlorothalonil—on soil microbial communities, metabolic activities, antibiotic resistance genes, metal resistance genes, and plant physiology. The results showed that the synergistic toxicity of AgNPs with the three nitrile fungicides induced oxidative stress in the maize to varying degrees. Nitrile fungicides alone increased sucrase activity, while AgNPs alone suppressed urease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase. Both treatments promoted dominance of Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, and Sphingopyxis. AgNPs specifically enriched Proteobacteria and Myxococcus, causing carbon/nitrogen utilization impediments partially mitigated by nitrile biodegradation. Synergistic exposure redirected nitrile catabolism from the benzoyl-CoA to catechol pathway. AgNPs alone upregulated silver resistance genes and activated antibiotic efflux pumps; synergistic exposure with fungicides suppressed Ag⁺ efflux genes while exacerbating antibiotic efflux activation and weakening links between environmental factors (NH₄⁺-N, NO₃⁻-N, Ag⁺) and resistance genes. These findings reveal the responses of plants and soil microorganisms to co-exposure of nitrile fungicides and AgNPs, and provide insights for assessing the ecological risks of combined application of nanomaterials and pesticides.

丁腈杀菌剂和纳米银（AgNPs）在农业中的应用越来越广泛，但它们对土壤生态系统的协同毒性尚不清楚。本研究考察了AgNPs和三种腈类杀菌剂（氮嘧菌酯、氟螨塞和百菌清）对土壤微生物群落、代谢活性、抗生素抗性基因、金属抗性基因和植物生理的单独和联合影响。结果表明，AgNPs与3种丁腈杀菌剂的协同毒性不同程度地诱导了玉米的氧化应激。单独使用丁腈杀菌剂可提高蔗糖酶活性，而单独使用AgNPs可抑制脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶。两种处理都促进了假单胞菌、拟杆菌和鞘菌的优势。AgNPs特异性富集变形杆菌和黏液球菌，造成碳/氮利用障碍，部分由腈生物降解缓解。协同暴露将腈分解代谢从苯甲酰辅酶a重定向到儿茶酚途径。AgNPs单独上调银耐药基因和激活抗生素外排泵；与杀菌剂协同暴露抑制了Ag+外排基因，同时加剧了抗生素外排激活，减弱了环境因素（NH₄+-N, NO₃−-N, Ag+）与抗性基因之间的联系。这些发现揭示了植物和土壤微生物对腈杀菌剂和AgNPs共同暴露的反应，并为评估纳米材料和农药联合应用的生态风险提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Bacillus velezensis bio-organic fertilizer reduces tomato nitrogen loss and alters the soil nitrogen cycling bacterial community velezensis生物有机肥减少番茄氮素流失，改变土壤氮循环细菌群落

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106826

Fuen Hou , Dongtao Su , Tao Zhang , Dongying Hou , Man Zhang , Kexing Hao , Xiaoping Zhu

NH₃ volatilization from greenhouse vegetables poses risks to the environment and human health, contributing to pollution of natural ecosystems. Bio-organic fertilizers can serve as safe and effective alternatives to synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers. We investigated the impact of N application on soil N cycling and NH₃ volatilization, with a focus on the effects of Bacillus velezensis (B. velezensis) bio-organic fertilizer. Five fertilization treatments were implemented: no N fertilization, 100% chemical fertilizer, 100% chemical fertilizer plus B. velezensis bacterial agent, organic fertilizer replacing 30% of the N fertilizer plus 70% N fertilizer, and B. velezensis organic fertilizer replacing 30% of the N fertilizer plus 70% N fertilizer. The results indicated that B. velezensis bio-organic fertilizer reduced NH₃ volatilization by up to 31.01%, increased tomato yields by 31.75%, and enhanced plant N uptake by 1.82% compared with 100% chemical fertilizer. Bio-organic fertilizers lowered reactive N levels, reduced urease activity, and increased the abundance of the gdhA, glnA, nasA/B, nirB, pmoC, and amoA genes. Additionally, bio-organic fertilizers significantly increased bacterial richness and enhanced the relative abundances of Arthrobacter, Archangium, and Cellvibrio. Meanwhile, soil NO₃⁻ levels had the most direct impact on NH₃ volatilization flux, exhibiting a significant negative correlation. Changes in soil bacterial communities were also significantly correlated with NH₃ volatilization flux (P < 0.05). Overall, we demonstrated that B. velezensis bio-organic fertilizer is an effective strategy for improving soil N cycling, enhancing tomato yield, promoting N uptake by tomato plants, and reducing N loss.

温室蔬菜中释放的NH₃对环境和人体健康造成危害，对自然生态系统造成污染。生物有机肥可作为合成氮肥安全有效的替代品。研究了施氮对土壤N循环和NH₃挥发的影响，重点研究了velezensis芽孢杆菌（B. velezensis）生物有机肥的影响。施用不施氮、100%化肥、100%化肥加白僵菌剂、有机肥替代30%氮肥+ 70%氮肥、白僵菌有机肥替代30%氮肥+ 70%氮肥5种施肥处理。结果表明，与100%施用化学肥料相比，施用B. velezensis生物有机肥可使NH₃挥发减少31.01%，使番茄产量提高31.75%，使植株氮吸收提高1.82%。生物有机肥降低了活性氮水平，降低了脲酶活性，增加了gdhA、glnA、nasA/B、nirB、pmoC和amoA基因的丰度。此外，生物有机肥显著增加了细菌的丰富度，并提高了节菌、archchangium和Cellvibrio的相对丰度。同时，土壤NO₃-水平对NH₃挥发通量的影响最为直接，呈现显著的负相关关系。土壤细菌群落的变化与NH₃挥发通量也显著相关（P < 0.05）。综上所述，白僵菌生物有机肥是改善土壤氮素循环、提高番茄产量、促进番茄植株对氮的吸收和减少氮素损失的有效策略。

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引用次数: 0

Legume-grass mixed pasture enhances soil organic matter, enzymatic activity and microbial necromass of sandy soils aggregates 豆科牧草混播提高了土壤有机质、酶活性和沙质土壤团聚体微生物坏死量

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106814

Stallone da Costa Soares , Wesley dos Santos Souza , Rosemery Alesandra Firmino dos Santos , João Guedes Borré , Natália Pereira de Oliveira Machado , Israel Oliveira Ramalho , Bruno Grossi Costa Homem , Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto , Marcos Gervasio Pereira , Érika Flávia Machado Pinheiro , Claudia de Paula Rezende , Bruno José Rodrigues Alves , Robert Michael Boddey , Segundo Urquiaga

The adoption of management practices to enhance carbon (C) sequestration in pastureland, such as mixed pastures, is crucial for sustainable agriculture, particularly in sandy soils, which have inherently low C storage capacity. The objective of this study was to evaluate how nitrogen (N) fertilizer application or legume integration into Marandu palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) pastures affect soil aggregate stability, organic matter fractions, and microbial activity in the surface layer of a sandy soil after eight years of management. This study assessed three pasture types: (1) mixed Marandu palisade grass and ovalifolium (Grona heterocarpa subsp. ovalifolia) legume (GRASS+LEGUME pasture); (2) Marandu palisade grass fertilized with 150 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (GRASS+N pasture); and (3) Marandu palisade grass without N fertilizer application (GRASS pasture) compared with native vegetation. Soil aggregate classes (4–2 mm, 2–0.250 mm, and 0.250–0.053 mm) were analyzed for total, particulate, and mineral-associated C content, as well as C mineralization rate and enzyme activity. Higher C and N contents were recorded for the 4–2 mm and 0.250–0.053 mm aggregates. All pasture types exhibited increased C, N, and organic matter in microaggregates compared to native vegetation. The GRASS+LEGUME pasture promoted the formation of larger and more stable aggregates and enhanced microbial necromass and enzymatic activity relative to the other treatments. In contrast, native vegetation exhibited a higher C mineralization rate and microbial necromass C. These findings highlight the role of grass/legume mixed pastures in enhancing C storage and microbial activity in sandy soils, where accumulation predominantly occurs within macroaggregates and microaggregates. Thus, mixed pastures constitute a sustainable alternative for preserving soil organic C and mitigating climate change.

采用管理措施加强牧场（如混合牧场）的碳(C)固存对可持续农业至关重要，特别是在碳储存能力固有较低的沙质土壤中。本研究的目的是评价氮肥施用或豆科植物整合对马兰度栅栏草（Urochloa brizantha cv.）的影响。马兰度牧场经过8年的管理，对沙质土壤表层的土壤团聚体稳定性、有机质组分和微生物活性产生影响。本研究对三种牧草类型进行了评价：(1)马兰度栅栏草与卵圆草混合放牧。豆科植物（禾本科+豆科牧草）；(2)马兰度栅栏草施肥150 kg N ha - 1 yr - 1（草+N牧草）；(3)不施氮肥的马兰度栅栏草（草甸）与原生植被的比较。分析了土壤团聚体类别（4-2 mm、2-0.250 mm和0.250-0.053 mm）的总碳含量、颗粒碳含量和矿物相关碳含量，以及碳矿化率和酶活性。4 ~ 2 mm和0.250 ~ 0.053 mm团聚体的碳氮含量较高。所有牧草类型的微团聚体中C、N和有机质含量均高于原生植被。与其他处理相比，GRASS+LEGUME处理促进了更大、更稳定的团聚体的形成，并增强了微生物坏死块和酶活性。相比之下，原生植被表现出更高的碳矿化率和微生物坏死块C。这些发现突出了草/豆科混合牧场在提高沙质土壤碳储量和微生物活性方面的作用，其中碳积累主要发生在大团聚体和微团聚体中。因此，混合牧场是保持土壤有机碳和减缓气候变化的可持续选择。

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引用次数: 0

Unravelling the role of soil enzymatic activity as a vital bioindicator of soil health and fertility in agricultural systems 揭示土壤酶活性作为农业系统中土壤健康和肥力的重要生物指标的作用

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106816

Ingudam Bhupenchandra , L. Devarishi Sharma , Menaka Devi Salam , Sumit Kumar , S.K. Chongtham , Anil K. Choudhary , H. Lembisana Devi , Soibam Sinyorita , Pranab Dutta , Ali Chenari Bouket , Tatiana Minkina , Chetan Keswani

Soil enzymes—intricate molecular catalysts secreted by microorganisms, plant roots, and soil fauna play a central role in driving key biogeochemical processes that underpin soil health and fertility. As indispensable bioindicators, they are critical for the advancement of sustainable agriculture. This review examines the multifaceted roles of soil enzymes in nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and the maintenance of soil structure, all of which enhance agroecosystem resilience and productivity. Key enzymes such as dehydrogenases, phosphatases, and β-glucosidases facilitate the transformation of complex organic compounds into bioavailable nutrients, thereby improving nutrient-use efficiency and reducing dependence on synthetic fertilizers. Enzyme activity is highly sensitive to soil physicochemical conditions and management practices, offering valuable insights into the effects of conservation tillage, organic amendments, and crop rotation on soil health and biodiversity. Moreover, soil enzymes act as early indicators of environmental change, reflecting the influence of climatic variables, such as temperature and moisture, on soil functionality. Emerging technologies, including enzyme engineering and artificial intelligence-driven analytics, hold significant promise for optimizing nutrient availability, accelerating pollutant degradation, and enhancing crop resilience to biotic and abiotic stressors. Nonetheless, challenges remain, particularly in standardizing enzyme assays and in understanding the ecological implications of biotechnological interventions. Integrating molecular tools, such as metagenomics and transcriptomics, with practical soil management strategies is essential for harnessing enzymatic potential in building resilient and sustainable agroecosystems. Future research should focus on refining assay methodologies, validating predictive models under field conditions, and investigating enzyme responses to extreme weather events to fully unlock their potential for sustainable agriculture and environmental stewardship.

土壤酶是由微生物、植物根系和土壤动物分泌的复杂分子催化剂，在驱动关键的生物地球化学过程中发挥核心作用，这些过程是土壤健康和肥力的基础。作为不可缺少的生物指标，它们对促进可持续农业至关重要。本文综述了土壤酶在养分循环、有机质分解和土壤结构维持等方面的作用，这些作用都有助于提高农业生态系统的恢复力和生产力。脱氢酶、磷酸酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶等关键酶促进复杂有机化合物转化为生物可利用的养分，从而提高养分利用效率，减少对合成肥料的依赖。酶活性对土壤理化条件和管理措施高度敏感，为保护性耕作、有机改良剂和作物轮作对土壤健康和生物多样性的影响提供了有价值的见解。此外，土壤酶是环境变化的早期指标，反映了温度和湿度等气候变量对土壤功能的影响。包括酶工程和人工智能驱动的分析在内的新兴技术，在优化养分可用性、加速污染物降解和增强作物对生物和非生物胁迫的抵御能力方面具有重大前景。尽管如此，挑战仍然存在，特别是在标准化酶分析和理解生物技术干预的生态影响方面。将宏基因组学和转录组学等分子工具与实用的土壤管理战略相结合，对于利用酶在建设有弹性和可持续的农业生态系统中的潜力至关重要。未来的研究应侧重于改进分析方法，验证田间条件下的预测模型，并调查酶对极端天气事件的反应，以充分释放其在可持续农业和环境管理方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0