Adapting agriculture and pesticide use in Mediterranean regions under climate change scenarios: A comprehensive review

IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY European Journal of Agronomy Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI:10.1016/j.eja.2024.127337
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Abstract

Climate change (CC), a long-term change in the average weather patterns that determine the Earth's climate, has a large and significant impact on agricultural systems, especially in Mediterranean climate regions (MCRs), which are characterized by mild and wet winters and warm and dry summers with increased drought and high temperature events, water deficits, and changes in precipitation patterns. Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from anthropogenic activities have increased by an average of almost 1.5 % per year since 1990 reaching a level of 53.8 Gt CO2-eq in 2022. CC can also significantly influence the timing and methods of pesticide application through changes in pest and disease occurrence and alterations in crop characteristics in these regions. Global pesticide consumption in agriculture worldwide in 2021 was 3.54 Mt of active ingredients, an increase of 11 % in a decade and a doubling since 1990. In this study, the main variables affecting agriculture and pesticide use under CC in MCRs were assessed. It is important to note that the challenges related to the impact of CC on agricultural practices and the necessary adaptation measures to be implemented are influenced not only by climatic factors but also by other variables, such as soil type and agroclimatic zone. The data used for this review were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database from the beginning of the century to the present (2001–2023). Our findings show that finance, technology and international cooperation are the key enablers of accelerated climate action. Achieving deep and lasting reductions in GHG emissions and securing a livable and sustainable future for all people will require rapid and deep transformations across all sectors and systems. CC has large negative impacts on the agricultural sector, such as reduced crop quantity and quality due to temperature increases, water scarcity and other negative environmental impacts. In addition, the use of pesticides and their environmental fate may be significantly affected by CC. Therefore, agricultural adaptation should be a priority in MCRs to improve crop performance and resilience to environmental pressures caused by CC. These changes may affect the behavior and fate of pesticides in soil and water, potentially leading to environmental pollution and negative impacts on human and ecosystem health. The local climate will clearly determine which areas are suitable for growing certain crops, potentially leading to changes in agricultural practices and pest management strategies. All these findings highlight the complex and multifaceted relationships among CC, agriculture and pesticide use and emphasize the need for comprehensive strategies to address the challenges posed by changing environmental conditions on agricultural practices and pest management in MCRs.

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在气候变化情景下调整地中海地区的农业和杀虫剂使用:全面回顾
气候变化(CC)是决定地球气候的平均天气模式的长期变化,它对农业系统有着巨大而深远的影响,尤其是在地中海气候区(MCRs),其特点是冬季温和湿润,夏季温暖干燥,干旱和高温事件增多,缺水,降水模式发生变化。自 1990 年以来,全球人为活动产生的温室气体(GHG)排放量平均每年增加近 1.5%,到 2022 年达到 53.8 Gt CO2-eq 的水平。气候变化也会通过这些地区病虫害发生率的变化和作物特性的改变,极大地影响农药施用的时间和方法。2021 年,全球农业的农药有效成分消耗量为 354 万吨,十年间增长了 11%,自 1990 年以来翻了一番。本研究评估了影响多边合作机制下农业和农药使用的主要变量。需要注意的是,与气候变化对农业生产方式的影响有关的挑战以及需要实施的必要适应措施不仅受到气候因素的影响,还受到土壤类型和农业气候区等其他变量的影响。本综述所使用的数据来自科学网(WoS)数据库,时间跨度为本世纪初至今(2001-2023 年)。我们的研究结果表明,资金、技术和国际合作是加快气候行动的关键因素。要实现温室气体排放的深度和持久减少,并为所有人确保一个宜居和可持续的未来,就需要所有部门和系统进行快速而深入的变革。气候变化对农业部门产生了巨大的负面影响,如气温升高导致作物数量和质量下降、水资源短缺以及其他负面环境影响。此外,杀虫剂的使用及其环境归宿也可能受到气候变化的严重影响。因此,农业适应应成为多边合作机制的优先事项,以提高作物性能和对气候变化造成的环境压力的适应能力。这些变化可能会影响农药在土壤和水中的行为和归宿,从而可能导致环境污染以及对人类和生态系统健康的负面影响。当地气候将明确决定哪些地区适合种植某些作物,从而可能导致农业生产方式和病虫害管理策略的改变。所有这些发现都突显了气候变化、农业和农药使用之间复杂和多方面的关系,并强调需要制定综合战略,以应对环境条件变化对山区农业生产方式和害虫管理带来的挑战。
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来源期刊
European Journal of Agronomy
European Journal of Agronomy 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
7.70%
发文量
187
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Agronomy, the official journal of the European Society for Agronomy, publishes original research papers reporting experimental and theoretical contributions to field-based agronomy and crop science. The journal will consider research at the field level for agricultural, horticultural and tree crops, that uses comprehensive and explanatory approaches. The EJA covers the following topics: crop physiology crop production and management including irrigation, fertilization and soil management agroclimatology and modelling plant-soil relationships crop quality and post-harvest physiology farming and cropping systems agroecosystems and the environment crop-weed interactions and management organic farming horticultural crops papers from the European Society for Agronomy bi-annual meetings In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny is placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in agronomy.
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