Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127432
Reshmi Sarkar, Charles Long, Brian Northup
Conservation management in dryland agriculture preserves water, improves soil health and yields. To comprehend the complex interactions of conservation management and environmental factors in a rainfed forage system of the US Great Plains, distinguish the superior influence of conservation over conventional management, and have a different perspective from simulation modeling, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence models were adapted in 2022. The variables in this study included ten years of daily recorded weather data and yield values simulated by the DSSAT model suite, considering four years of actual data on aboveground and belowground biomass, depth-wise carbon, water content, various physicochemical soil parameters, and management practices (Sarkar and Northup 2023). Two optimized ML models, Random Forest and AdaBoost, were found to perform better, when the algorithms of six ML models- namely Decision Tree, Random Forest, Bagging, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost and XGBoost were tuned with different hyperparameters, validated and trained before predicting the biomass yields. Feature Importance plotting by these two models revealed the five most influencing similar variables, which were in different orders: average maximum temperature during daylight hours, total soil water, seasonal average minimum temperature, cumulative potential evapotranspiration and CO2. Hence, SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) algorithm was adopted to dive into the database and clarify the interaction effects of management practices especially tillage and soil cover with different environmental variables. Interestingly, the SHAP model indicated soil cover as the 5th most important variable, followed by maximum temperature during daylight hours, cumulative potential evapotranspiration, seasonal minimum temperature and CO2. The interaction plotting of SHAP analysis also manifested that intensity of tillage and use of no soil cover could be detrimental. Considering the rising atmospheric CO2 levels and temperatures, along with depleting soil water, no-till practices with a springtime cover of grass peas or field peas and the addition of 100 % residue can be acclaimed for high water-use efficiency and increased aboveground biomass of rainfed sorghum sudangrass in drylands. We recommend using impeccable dataset, particularly from diverse agro-environmental systems with various tillage practices and soil covers, before regional adoption. Additionally, exploring the impacts on diverse soil types is advisable before selecting a sustainable management strategy for precision agriculture.
{"title":"Ex-ante analyses using machine learning to understand the interactive influences of environmental and agro-management variables for target-oriented management practice selection","authors":"Reshmi Sarkar, Charles Long, Brian Northup","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127432","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation management in dryland agriculture preserves water, improves soil health and yields. To comprehend the complex interactions of conservation management and environmental factors in a rainfed forage system of the US Great Plains, distinguish the superior influence of conservation over conventional management, and have a different perspective from simulation modeling, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence models were adapted in 2022. The variables in this study included ten years of daily recorded weather data and yield values simulated by the DSSAT model suite, considering four years of actual data on aboveground and belowground biomass, depth-wise carbon, water content, various physicochemical soil parameters, and management practices (Sarkar and Northup 2023). Two optimized ML models, Random Forest and AdaBoost, were found to perform better, when the algorithms of six ML models- namely Decision Tree, Random Forest, Bagging, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost and XGBoost were tuned with different hyperparameters, validated and trained before predicting the biomass yields. Feature Importance plotting by these two models revealed the five most influencing similar variables, which were in different orders: average maximum temperature during daylight hours, total soil water, seasonal average minimum temperature, cumulative potential evapotranspiration and CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>. Hence, SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) algorithm was adopted to dive into the database and clarify the interaction effects of management practices especially tillage and soil cover with different environmental variables. Interestingly, the SHAP model indicated soil cover as the 5th most important variable, followed by maximum temperature during daylight hours, cumulative potential evapotranspiration, seasonal minimum temperature and CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>. The interaction plotting of SHAP analysis also manifested that intensity of tillage and use of no soil cover could be detrimental. Considering the rising atmospheric CO2 levels and temperatures, along with depleting soil water, no-till practices with a springtime cover of grass peas or field peas and the addition of 100 % residue can be acclaimed for high water-use efficiency and increased aboveground biomass of rainfed sorghum sudangrass in drylands. We recommend using impeccable dataset, particularly from diverse agro-environmental systems with various tillage practices and soil covers, before regional adoption. Additionally, exploring the impacts on diverse soil types is advisable before selecting a sustainable management strategy for precision agriculture.","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127433
Md. Kafil Uddin , Biplob K. Saha , Vanessa N.L. Wong , Antonio F. Patti
Intensive agricultural practices to meet the current world food demand are the main cause of degradation of soil health and environmental pollution. In traditional agriculture, synthetic fertilizers are used which can impact soil health and result in environmental pollution. So, agricultural production in a sustainable way becomes a current issue. Different agricultural inputs may improve soil health with the reduction of environmental pollution. A wide range of agricultural inputs are available, among these organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF) may be a suitable input for sustainable agriculture. Organo-mineral fertilizers make the nutrient released slowly and homogeneously throughout the growing season resulting in higher nutrient use efficiency and yield. Also, the organic portion is carbon sequester and thus improves soil health, enhances crop productivity, and mitigates environmental pollution. The primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive scientific analysis of what is now known about the impact of applying OMF on soil characteristics, emissions of greenhouse gases, and their effect on crops. This review seeks to provide a solid scientific foundation for policy decisions, highlight knowledge gaps, and suggest additional research on the application of OMFs to soils.
{"title":"Organo-mineral fertilizer to sustain soil health and crop yield for reducing environmental impact: A comprehensive review","authors":"Md. Kafil Uddin , Biplob K. Saha , Vanessa N.L. Wong , Antonio F. Patti","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intensive agricultural practices to meet the current world food demand are the main cause of degradation of soil health and environmental pollution. In traditional agriculture, synthetic fertilizers are used which can impact soil health and result in environmental pollution. So, agricultural production in a sustainable way becomes a current issue. Different agricultural inputs may improve soil health with the reduction of environmental pollution. A wide range of agricultural inputs are available, among these organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF) may be a suitable input for sustainable agriculture. Organo-mineral fertilizers make the nutrient released slowly and homogeneously throughout the growing season resulting in higher nutrient use efficiency and yield. Also, the organic portion is carbon sequester and thus improves soil health, enhances crop productivity, and mitigates environmental pollution. The primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive scientific analysis of what is now known about the impact of applying OMF on soil characteristics, emissions of greenhouse gases, and their effect on crops. This review seeks to provide a solid scientific foundation for policy decisions, highlight knowledge gaps, and suggest additional research on the application of OMFs to soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 127433"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127431
Amit Weinman , Raphael Linker , Offer Rozenstein
The increasing availability of remote sensing (RS) data and the advancement of computation abilities, combined with the demands for enhancing crop production, encourages the creation of a framework in which crop growth simulation can be updated sequentially to serve as a yield predictor and be part of a decision support system. However, crop model outputs and RS data must be linked via a radiative transfer model (RTM), which simulates the interaction between the crop and the intercepted radiation. In this study, a comprehensive coupling scheme between a crop model (DSSAT-CROPGRO-tomato) and an RTM (SCOPE-RTMo) was formulated and investigated through global sensitivity analysis (SA) and by testing the coupled model in a synthetic data assimilation (DA) experiment. The DA experiment utilized a sensitivity-based particle filter (PF) in which the SA results were used to enhance the PF convergence rate and accuracy. The SA results provide the sensitivity of simulated reflectance at different wavelengths to DSSAT-CROPGRO parameters throughout the season. This information can help guide future data assimilation experiments by choosing imaging instruments with appropriate spectral bands and timing the measurements to enhance model calibration. The results of the synthetic DA experiment showed a good convergence of the particle filter towards the ground truth. The results also demonstrated the strong relation between LAI and reflectance, as several model runs with different initial values of DSSAT-CROPGRO parameters all converged and predicted the synthetic LAI observations very well. The convergence of DSSAT-CROPGRO parameters to their ground truth values was only partial, and phenology-related parameters tended to converge better than growth-related parameters.
遥感（RS）数据的日益普及和计算能力的不断提高，再加上对提高作物产量的需求，促使人们创建了一个框架，在这个框架中，作物生长模拟可以按顺序更新，作为产量预测器和决策支持系统的一部分。然而，作物模型输出和 RS 数据必须通过辐射传递模型（RTM）连接起来，该模型模拟作物和截获辐射之间的相互作用。本研究制定了作物模型（DSSAT-CROPGRO-tomato）和辐射传递模型（SCOPE-RTMo）之间的综合耦合方案，并通过全球灵敏度分析（SA）和在合成数据同化（DA）试验中测试耦合模型进行了研究。DA 试验采用了基于灵敏度的粒子滤波器 (PF)，其中 SA 结果用于提高粒子滤波器的收敛速度和精度。SA 结果提供了整个季节不同波长的模拟反射率对 DSSAT-CROPGRO 参数的敏感性。这些信息有助于指导未来的数据同化实验，选择具有适当光谱波段的成像仪器，并确定测量时间，以加强模式校准。合成 DA 实验的结果表明，粒子滤波器与地面实况的收敛性很好。结果还证明了 LAI 与反射率之间的密切关系，因为使用不同初始值的 DSSAT-CROPGRO 参数运行的几个模型都能很好地收敛和预测合成 LAI 观测结果。DSSAT-CROPGRO 参数向其地面真值的收敛只是部分的，与物候相关的参数往往比与生长相关的参数收敛得更好。
{"title":"Investigation of coupling DSSAT with SCOPE-RTMo via sensitivity analysis and use of this coupled crop-radiative transfer model for sensitivity-based data assimilation","authors":"Amit Weinman , Raphael Linker , Offer Rozenstein","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing availability of remote sensing (RS) data and the advancement of computation abilities, combined with the demands for enhancing crop production, encourages the creation of a framework in which crop growth simulation can be updated sequentially to serve as a yield predictor and be part of a decision support system. However, crop model outputs and RS data must be linked via a radiative transfer model (RTM), which simulates the interaction between the crop and the intercepted radiation. In this study, a comprehensive coupling scheme between a crop model (DSSAT-CROPGRO-tomato) and an RTM (SCOPE-RTMo) was formulated and investigated through global sensitivity analysis (SA) and by testing the coupled model in a synthetic data assimilation (DA) experiment. The DA experiment utilized a sensitivity-based particle filter (PF) in which the SA results were used to enhance the PF convergence rate and accuracy. The SA results provide the sensitivity of simulated reflectance at different wavelengths to DSSAT-CROPGRO parameters throughout the season. This information can help guide future data assimilation experiments by choosing imaging instruments with appropriate spectral bands and timing the measurements to enhance model calibration. The results of the synthetic DA experiment showed a good convergence of the particle filter towards the ground truth. The results also demonstrated the strong relation between LAI and reflectance, as several model runs with different initial values of DSSAT-CROPGRO parameters all converged and predicted the synthetic LAI observations very well. The convergence of DSSAT-CROPGRO parameters to their ground truth values was only partial, and phenology-related parameters tended to converge better than growth-related parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 127431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127435
Marco Fornaciari , Fabio Orlandi , Emma Tedeschini
The study aim was to analyze and interpret long-term trends in temperature and olive reproductive features, including full flowering dates and daily pollen concentrations, in central Italy. A 40-year database (1982–2022) of pollen and temperature records was utilized. Temperature changes significantly affect spring phenology and olive trees, sensitive to climate change, exhibit earlier flowering in response to higher spring temperatures. Although this adaptation may lower pollen levels, benefiting public health, it could negatively impact agricultural yields. Olive trees in the study area demonstrated phenological plasticity, transitioning from rigid to flexible flowering behaviors. They adjusted the Growing Degree Days (GDDs) required for flowering once they reached a threshold of maximum advancement. Until 2004, the trees accumulated similar GDD values. With rising temperatures, earlier flowering occurred at fixed GDD values of 650 and 750. Subsequently, the trees began accumulating higher GDD values, stabilizing the flowering date and preventing further advances. This phenological plasticity allows olive trees to adapt their life cycle and developmental stages to environmental changes such as temperature, light, and water availability. This flexibility helps them survive in changing conditions and prevents excessively early flowering. By avoiding flower opening and pollen release during periods of unstable weather (such as late spring rainfall and strong winds), the trees enhance pollen transport and successful pollination.
{"title":"Long term analysis on Olive flowering and climatic relationships in central Italy","authors":"Marco Fornaciari , Fabio Orlandi , Emma Tedeschini","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aim was to analyze and interpret long-term trends in temperature and olive reproductive features, including full flowering dates and daily pollen concentrations, in central Italy. A 40-year database (1982–2022) of pollen and temperature records was utilized. Temperature changes significantly affect spring phenology and olive trees, sensitive to climate change, exhibit earlier flowering in response to higher spring temperatures. Although this adaptation may lower pollen levels, benefiting public health, it could negatively impact agricultural yields. Olive trees in the study area demonstrated phenological plasticity, transitioning from rigid to flexible flowering behaviors. They adjusted the Growing Degree Days (GDDs) required for flowering once they reached a threshold of maximum advancement. Until 2004, the trees accumulated similar GDD values. With rising temperatures, earlier flowering occurred at fixed GDD values of 650 and 750. Subsequently, the trees began accumulating higher GDD values, stabilizing the flowering date and preventing further advances. This phenological plasticity allows olive trees to adapt their life cycle and developmental stages to environmental changes such as temperature, light, and water availability. This flexibility helps them survive in changing conditions and prevents excessively early flowering. By avoiding flower opening and pollen release during periods of unstable weather (such as late spring rainfall and strong winds), the trees enhance pollen transport and successful pollination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 127435"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127429
Qian Zhang , Wenquan Niu , Yadan Du , Guochun Li , Li Ma , Bingjing Cui , Jun Sun , Xiaoyan Niu , Kadambot H.M. Siddique
Long-term chemical fertilizer use poses sustainability challenges for achieving optimal crop yields and may even diminish yields and fertilizer use efficiency. Sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices must address these challenges by reducing fertilizer application. Biochar emerges as a promising solution, with significant potential for enhancing soil fertility and crop yields. However, its efficacy in sustaining or increasing crop yields under reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer application remains unclear. This three-year summer maize field study (2019–2021) aimed to elucidate the impact of biochar application on crop productivity, soil characteristics, and economic benefits under varying N fertilizer regimes. Four biochar application rates (0, 8, 16, and 24 t ha−1) were evaluated alongside three N fertilizer rates: conventional N application (200 kg N ha−1), 20 % reduction in N application (160 kg N ha−1), and 40 % reduction in N application (120 kg N ha−1). Biochar was incorporated once at the start of the experiment, while N fertilizer was applied annually. The comprehensive analysis of the three-year data revealed consistent improvements in maize growth, N uptake, grain yield, and economic returns with biochar, even amidst N fertilizer reductions. While the initial year displayed indistinct biochar effects on maize productivity, its impact was more pronounced in the second year than third year. Path analysis underscored the pivotal role of increased soil organic carbon (SOC), total N content, and cation exchange capacity in enhancing maize yield and its components. Moreover, combinations of 40 % N fertilizer reduction with 16 t ha–1 biochar maintained higher maize yields in 2020 and 2021, suggesting the suitability of biochar rates for sustained efficacy over 2–3 years. On average, maize grain yields increased by 8.5–18.4 % with biochar addition from 2019 to 2021, while economic benefits increased by 15.1–18.4 % in 2020 and 2021. These findings highlight the enduring effects of biochar on crop productivity over at least three years, indicating its potential to consistently enhance maize yield and net income while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
{"title":"Sustainable effects of nitrogen reduction combined with biochar on enhancing maize productivity and nitrogen utilization","authors":"Qian Zhang , Wenquan Niu , Yadan Du , Guochun Li , Li Ma , Bingjing Cui , Jun Sun , Xiaoyan Niu , Kadambot H.M. Siddique","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term chemical fertilizer use poses sustainability challenges for achieving optimal crop yields and may even diminish yields and fertilizer use efficiency. Sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices must address these challenges by reducing fertilizer application. Biochar emerges as a promising solution, with significant potential for enhancing soil fertility and crop yields. However, its efficacy in sustaining or increasing crop yields under reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer application remains unclear. This three-year summer maize field study (2019–2021) aimed to elucidate the impact of biochar application on crop productivity, soil characteristics, and economic benefits under varying N fertilizer regimes. Four biochar application rates (0, 8, 16, and 24 t ha<sup>−1</sup>) were evaluated alongside three N fertilizer rates: conventional N application (200 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>), 20 % reduction in N application (160 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>), and 40 % reduction in N application (120 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>). Biochar was incorporated once at the start of the experiment, while N fertilizer was applied annually. The comprehensive analysis of the three-year data revealed consistent improvements in maize growth, N uptake, grain yield, and economic returns with biochar, even amidst N fertilizer reductions. While the initial year displayed indistinct biochar effects on maize productivity, its impact was more pronounced in the second year than third year. Path analysis underscored the pivotal role of increased soil organic carbon (SOC), total N content, and cation exchange capacity in enhancing maize yield and its components. Moreover, combinations of 40 % N fertilizer reduction with 16 t ha<sup>–1</sup> biochar maintained higher maize yields in 2020 and 2021, suggesting the suitability of biochar rates for sustained efficacy over 2–3 years. On average, maize grain yields increased by 8.5–18.4 % with biochar addition from 2019 to 2021, while economic benefits increased by 15.1–18.4 % in 2020 and 2021. These findings highlight the enduring effects of biochar on crop productivity over at least three years, indicating its potential to consistently enhance maize yield and net income while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 127429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127428
Luiz Felipe Almeida , Adrian A. Correndo , Trevor Hefley , Gabriel Hintz , P.V. Vara Prasad , Mark Licht , Shaun Casteel , Maninder Singh , Seth Naeve , José Bais , Laura Lindsay , Shawn Conley , Jonathan Kleinjan , Péter Kovács , Ignacio A. Ciampitti
Context
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of the major crops worldwide. Identification of environmental factors that improve both yield and N2-fixation remain of high importance.
Objective
The study aimed to i) assess the effect (estimate and uncertainty) of sulfur (S) fertilization on seed yield and N2-fixation (as N derived from the atmosphere, Ndfa), and (ii) evaluate the influence of soil and weather variables on these estimates and uncertainties.
Methods
Thirty-five studies from nine US states were analyzed, comparing no fertilization (Check) with S fertilization at planting (S), using a regression tree approach to assess environmental effects on yield and Ndfa.
Results
For both treatments, precipitation from full-pod to full-seed explained 40 % of the yield variation. For the Check, [soil organic matter, SOM/(clay+silt)] was a secondary factor. For the S, seasonal precipitation above 73 mm resulted in the highest yield (4.9 Mg ha−1), with 51 % Ndfa and 135 kg ha−1 of fixed-N. Yield uncertainty, averaging 1.2 Mg ha−1, was associated with soil clay content below 11 %. Vapor-pressure-deficit from full-bloom to full-pod influenced Ndfa, accounting for 40 % of its variation between treatments. For both treatments, the highest Ndfa (∼65 %) required vapor-pressure-deficit below 0.92 kPa. Soil clay was pivotal to the uncertainty in Ndfa, explaining 34 % and 40 % of the variation for Check and S, but with a reduction in uncertainty when soil clay was above 26 %.
Conclusion
The main regulators of yield and Ndfa were precipitation, temperature, SOM, and soil texture. Sulfur fertilization moderately increased yield and Ndfa, especially in environments with high plant N-demand. Ndfa uncertainty was more related to crop growth factors, with high seed yield correlating with high Ndfa.
Implications
Future research should focus on controlled studies to improve the knowledge of the identified soil and weather factors and their interplay with seed yield and Ndfa.
{"title":"Assessing the influence of environmental drivers on soybean seed yield and nitrogen fixation estimates and uncertainties in the United States","authors":"Luiz Felipe Almeida , Adrian A. Correndo , Trevor Hefley , Gabriel Hintz , P.V. Vara Prasad , Mark Licht , Shaun Casteel , Maninder Singh , Seth Naeve , José Bais , Laura Lindsay , Shawn Conley , Jonathan Kleinjan , Péter Kovács , Ignacio A. Ciampitti","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Soybean [<em>Glycine max</em> (L.) Merr.] is one of the major crops worldwide. Identification of environmental factors that improve both yield and N<sub>2</sub>-fixation remain of high importance.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study aimed to i) assess the effect (estimate and uncertainty) of sulfur (S) fertilization on seed yield and N<sub>2</sub>-fixation (as N derived from the atmosphere, Ndfa), and (ii) evaluate the influence of soil and weather variables on these estimates and uncertainties.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-five studies from nine US states were analyzed, comparing no fertilization (Check) with S fertilization at planting (S), using a regression tree approach to assess environmental effects on yield and Ndfa.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For both treatments, precipitation from full-pod to full-seed explained 40 % of the yield variation. For the Check, [soil organic matter, SOM/(clay+silt)] was a secondary factor. For the S, seasonal precipitation above 73 mm resulted in the highest yield (4.9 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>), with 51 % Ndfa and 135 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> of fixed-N. Yield uncertainty, averaging 1.2 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>, was associated with soil clay content below 11 %. Vapor-pressure-deficit from full-bloom to full-pod influenced Ndfa, accounting for 40 % of its variation between treatments. For both treatments, the highest Ndfa (∼65 %) required vapor-pressure-deficit below 0.92 kPa. Soil clay was pivotal to the uncertainty in Ndfa, explaining 34 % and 40 % of the variation for Check and S, but with a reduction in uncertainty when soil clay was above 26 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The main regulators of yield and Ndfa were precipitation, temperature, SOM, and soil texture. Sulfur fertilization moderately increased yield and Ndfa, especially in environments with high plant N-demand. Ndfa uncertainty was more related to crop growth factors, with high seed yield correlating with high Ndfa.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>Future research should focus on controlled studies to improve the knowledge of the identified soil and weather factors and their interplay with seed yield and Ndfa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 127428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127427
Li Song , Jiaxiang Cai , Ke Wu , Yahui Li , Gege Hou , Shaolong Du , Jianzhao Duan , Li He , Tiancai Guo , Wei Feng
Powdery mildew disease threatens wheat production worldwide, and early detection is of great significance for disease control and maximizing yield and quality. To improve early remote sensing detection of wheat powdery mildew, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) parameters were extracted using three-band Fraunhofer line discrimination (3FLD) and reflectance index approaches, and vegetation index (VI) was calculated by hyperspectral reflectance. All features and feature subsets of different data sources were used as inputs to multiple linear regression (MLR), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms to construct a wheat powdery mildew monitoring model. SVM includes linear kernel function (LK), polynomial kernel function (PK), and Gaussian radial basis function (RBF). Under wheat powdery mildew stress, wheat canopy reflectance showed a blue shift, and fluorescence weakened. The correlation between SIF−A intensity and disease index (DI) in the O2−A band extracted using the 3FLD method was the highest at −0.781, showing that the SIF parameter was useful for monitoring powdery mildew. Whether based on all features or feature subsets, the RBF model achieved the highest model accuracy, followed by the RF and the MLR. In the feature subset, the accuracy ranges of RBF, LK, and PK models are 0.740−0.871, 0.724−0.850, and 0.716−0.841 respectively. The SIF+VI in the RBF model is more useful for early and stable disease monitoring of wheat powdery mildew. This innovative technical solution is expected to support the early diagnosis of wheat powdery mildew, significantly improving disease prevention and control efficiency and effectiveness.
{"title":"Early diagnosis of wheat powdery mildew using solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectral reflectance","authors":"Li Song , Jiaxiang Cai , Ke Wu , Yahui Li , Gege Hou , Shaolong Du , Jianzhao Duan , Li He , Tiancai Guo , Wei Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Powdery mildew disease threatens wheat production worldwide, and early detection is of great significance for disease control and maximizing yield and quality. To improve early remote sensing detection of wheat powdery mildew, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) parameters were extracted using three-band Fraunhofer line discrimination (3FLD) and reflectance index approaches, and vegetation index (VI) was calculated by hyperspectral reflectance. All features and feature subsets of different data sources were used as inputs to multiple linear regression (MLR), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms to construct a wheat powdery mildew monitoring model. SVM includes linear kernel function (LK), polynomial kernel function (PK), and Gaussian radial basis function (RBF). Under wheat powdery mildew stress, wheat canopy reflectance showed a blue shift, and fluorescence weakened. The correlation between SIF−A intensity and disease index (DI) in the O<sup>2</sup>−A band extracted using the 3FLD method was the highest at −0.781, showing that the SIF parameter was useful for monitoring powdery mildew. Whether based on all features or feature subsets, the RBF model achieved the highest model accuracy, followed by the RF and the MLR. In the feature subset, the accuracy ranges of RBF, LK, and PK models are 0.740−0.871, 0.724−0.850, and 0.716−0.841 respectively. The SIF+VI in the RBF model is more useful for early and stable disease monitoring of wheat powdery mildew. This innovative technical solution is expected to support the early diagnosis of wheat powdery mildew, significantly improving disease prevention and control efficiency and effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 127427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127430
Zhangchen Zhao , Qiumei Lu , Zhipeng Gao , Xianglan Kong , Xubin Zhang , Liang Chen , Yin-Gang Hu
The dwarfing gene Rht15 can significantly reduce plant height and improve lodging resistance, but has some negative effects on yield traits. Rht15 is a gibberellin-responsive (GAR) dwarfing gene that causes dwarfism by blocking the Gibberellin (GA) synthesis pathway in plants, and application of exogenous GA3 can increase the plant height phenotype. The aim of this study was to investigate whether exogenous GA3 could compensate for the negative effect of Rht15 on yield while maintaining good lodging resistance. The F5, F6 and F7 lines derived from reciprocal crosses between Durox (Rht15 donor) and Langdon were used to explore the response of Rht15 to exogenous GA by comparing the effects of Rht15 dwarf lines, Rht15 dwarf lines-GA3 and tall lines on grain filling related traits, yield traits, plant height and lodging resistance traits in durum wheat. The results showed that exogenous GA3 could significantly improve the grain filling dynamics, significantly increase the maximum grain filling rate (Gmax) and the average grain filling rate (Gave), and advance the occurrence time of maximal grain-filling rate (Tmax) earlier. The 1000-kernel weight and grain yield of the Rht15 dwarf lines with-GA3 were significantly increased and were not significantly different from the tall line. Plant height and internode length of the Rht15 dwarf lines increased significantly after exogenous GA3 treatment, but were still slightly shorter than those of the tall lines. The lodging resistance of the Rht15 dwarf lines-GA3 was reduced, but still had significant advantages over the tall lines. This study provided a new idea for dwarf breeding: using plant hormones to improve the negative effects of dwarfing genes on wheat.
{"title":"Exogenous GA3 significantly improved the grain filling process and yield traits of Rht15 dwarf lines in durum wheat","authors":"Zhangchen Zhao , Qiumei Lu , Zhipeng Gao , Xianglan Kong , Xubin Zhang , Liang Chen , Yin-Gang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dwarfing gene <em>Rht15</em> can significantly reduce plant height and improve lodging resistance, but has some negative effects on yield traits. <em>Rht15</em> is a gibberellin-responsive (GAR) dwarfing gene that causes dwarfism by blocking the Gibberellin (GA) synthesis pathway in plants, and application of exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> can increase the plant height phenotype. The aim of this study was to investigate whether exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> could compensate for the negative effect of <em>Rht15</em> on yield while maintaining good lodging resistance. The F<sub>5</sub>, F<sub>6</sub> and F<sub>7</sub> lines derived from reciprocal crosses between Durox (<em>Rht15</em> donor) and Langdon were used to explore the response of <em>Rht15</em> to exogenous GA by comparing the effects of <em>Rht15</em> dwarf lines, <em>Rht15</em> dwarf lines-GA<sub>3</sub> and tall lines on grain filling related traits, yield traits, plant height and lodging resistance traits in durum wheat. The results showed that exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> could significantly improve the grain filling dynamics, significantly increase the maximum grain filling rate (<em>G</em><sub><em>max</em></sub>) and the average grain filling rate (<em>G</em><sub><em>ave</em></sub>), and advance the occurrence time of maximal grain-filling rate (<em>T</em><sub><em>max</em></sub>) earlier. The 1000-kernel weight and grain yield of the <em>Rht15</em> dwarf lines with-GA<sub>3</sub> were significantly increased and were not significantly different from the tall line. Plant height and internode length of the <em>Rht15</em> dwarf lines increased significantly after exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> treatment, but were still slightly shorter than those of the tall lines. The lodging resistance of the <em>Rht15</em> dwarf lines-GA<sub>3</sub> was reduced, but still had significant advantages over the tall lines. This study provided a new idea for dwarf breeding: using plant hormones to improve the negative effects of dwarfing genes on wheat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 127430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127368
Rongfa Li , Guoqiang Zhang , Ruizhi Xie , Peng Hou , Bo Ming , Jun Xue , Keru Wang , Shaokun Li
The growing demand for food, fuel, and other agricultural products is reached to be met by increasing production on the land currently under cultivation. To tackle this challenge, we conducted 468 plots containing 263 maize hybrids during 2010–2021. Plots were divided into three yield bands: < 17.7, 17.7–21.0, and > 21.0 Mg/ha. The average yield was 19.2 Mg/ha, with a range of 9.8–24.9 Mg/ha. Dry matter (DM) accumulation and harvest index (HI) are key factors that determine the final grain yield. From < 17.7 Mg/ha to > 21.0 Mg/ha, mean yield increased by 40.8 %, dry matter (DM) accumulation, post-silking DM and HI increased by 13.2 %, 14.7 % and 10.4 %, respectively. Yield increased from the lowest to the highest yield band, the proportion of dry grains weight to post-silking DM and grain leaf ratio increased, while the remobilization efficiency of pre-silking DM decreased. The contribution of pre-silking DM to yield decreased as yield increased, whereas the contributions of post-silking DM to yield increased. When the yield was > 21.0 Mg/ha, the proportion of pre- and post-silking DM was about 4:6. HI increased with the increase of yield. When the yield was ≥18.08 Mg/ha, the HI was stable at 0.53. In conclusion, under high plant density conditions, increased yield requires higher post-silking DM and HI. Our results are crucial to identify methods of enhancing yield at the population level and meet the food demands of the growing human population.
{"title":"Dynamics of high-yielding maize genotypes under intensive management across multiple environments","authors":"Rongfa Li , Guoqiang Zhang , Ruizhi Xie , Peng Hou , Bo Ming , Jun Xue , Keru Wang , Shaokun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for food, fuel, and other agricultural products is reached to be met by increasing production on the land currently under cultivation. To tackle this challenge, we conducted 468 plots containing 263 maize hybrids during 2010–2021. Plots were divided into three yield bands: < 17.7, 17.7–21.0, and > 21.0 Mg/ha. The average yield was 19.2 Mg/ha, with a range of 9.8–24.9 Mg/ha. Dry matter (DM) accumulation and harvest index (HI) are key factors that determine the final grain yield. From < 17.7 Mg/ha to > 21.0 Mg/ha, mean yield increased by 40.8 %, dry matter (DM) accumulation, post-silking DM and HI increased by 13.2 %, 14.7 % and 10.4 %, respectively. Yield increased from the lowest to the highest yield band, the proportion of dry grains weight to post-silking DM and grain leaf ratio increased, while the remobilization efficiency of pre-silking DM decreased. The contribution of pre-silking DM to yield decreased as yield increased, whereas the contributions of post-silking DM to yield increased. When the yield was > 21.0 Mg/ha, the proportion of pre- and post-silking DM was about 4:6. HI increased with the increase of yield. When the yield was ≥18.08 Mg/ha, the HI was stable at 0.53. In conclusion, under high plant density conditions, increased yield requires higher post-silking DM and HI. Our results are crucial to identify methods of enhancing yield at the population level and meet the food demands of the growing human population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 127368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127425
M. Wojtacki , K. Żuk-Gołaszewska , J. Gołaszewski
Oat is a functional resource in food processing, medical, and cosmetic industries. The aim of this study was to compare the influence of agronomic factors and physiological and climatic parameters on the grain yield of hulled and hulless oat. The following variables were evaluated in a three-year experiment: (i) agronomic factors – nitrogen fertilization, plant protection, and oat morphotypes, (ii) environmental conditions – days after sowing, growing degree days, and accumulated precipitation until the achievement of vegetative, transition, and reproductive phases of plant growth and development, and (iii) physiological indicators of plant growth and development – net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, plant nitrogen status, leaf area index, and plant water potential. The physiological indicators of plant growth and development were similar in both oat morphotypes. Variability in morphological traits, yield components, and grain yield was affected mainly by the net photosynthetic rate in hulless oat and by the leaf area index in hulled oat. In both oat morphotypes, nitrogen fertilization was an agronomic factor that induced significant differences in yield, whereas the effects of plant protection were similar. A significant increase in yield was observed in response to the N rate of 60 kg ha−1, by 41 % in hulless oat and by 35 % in hulled oat. A further increase in the nitrogen rate to 120 kg ha−1 increased the grain yield by 11 % in hulless oat and by 13 % in hulled oat. In hulled and hulless oat, nitrogen use efficiency was determined at 20 and 15 kg of grain per 1 kg of N, respectively, and it contributed to a considerable difference in grain yield, which reached 5.8 Mg ha−1 in hulled oat and 4.2 Mg ha−1 in hulless oat. The modeled results indicate that plant height and yield components are the most important yield-related traits in oat cultivation, with significant potential for further improvement in performance.
{"title":"Modeling the effects of agronomic factors and physiological and climatic parameters on the grain yield of hulled and hulless oat","authors":"M. Wojtacki , K. Żuk-Gołaszewska , J. Gołaszewski","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oat is a functional resource in food processing, medical, and cosmetic industries. The aim of this study was to compare the influence of agronomic factors and physiological and climatic parameters on the grain yield of hulled and hulless oat. The following variables were evaluated in a three-year experiment: (i) agronomic factors – nitrogen fertilization, plant protection, and oat morphotypes, (ii) environmental conditions – days after sowing, growing degree days, and accumulated precipitation until the achievement of vegetative, transition, and reproductive phases of plant growth and development, and (iii) physiological indicators of plant growth and development – net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, plant nitrogen status, leaf area index, and plant water potential. The physiological indicators of plant growth and development were similar in both oat morphotypes. Variability in morphological traits, yield components, and grain yield was affected mainly by the net photosynthetic rate in hulless oat and by the leaf area index in hulled oat. In both oat morphotypes, nitrogen fertilization was an agronomic factor that induced significant differences in yield, whereas the effects of plant protection were similar. A significant increase in yield was observed in response to the N rate of 60 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, by 41 % in hulless oat and by 35 % in hulled oat. A further increase in the nitrogen rate to 120 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> increased the grain yield by 11 % in hulless oat and by 13 % in hulled oat. In hulled and hulless oat, nitrogen use efficiency was determined at 20 and 15 kg of grain per 1 kg of N, respectively, and it contributed to a considerable difference in grain yield, which reached 5.8 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in hulled oat and 4.2 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in hulless oat. The modeled results indicate that plant height and yield components are the most important yield-related traits in oat cultivation, with significant potential for further improvement in performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 127425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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