Bauxite mine and alumina refinery workers: mortality and cancer risk

Abstract

Background Aluminium industry workers are at risk of long-term health consequences. Aims To investigate mortality and cancer incidence in bauxite mine and alumina refinery workers. Methods A pre-existing cohort of workers was re-linked with the Australian National Death Index, and the Australian Cancer Database to provide additional death (7 years) and cancer (9 years) data. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and standardized incidence rates (SIRs) were estimated by job category, duration of employment and time since first employment. Results Linkage was performed for 6935 (6207 male) workers. Compared with the general population, there was a reduced or similar risk of death for mine/refinery workers for all causes except mesothelioma which was increased amongst male production workers [SMR 2.42, 95% CI 1.11–4.60]. Mesothelioma incidence was also increased amongst males [SIR 2.50, 95% CI 1.60–3.71]. Male office workers had a greater incidence of prostate cancer [SIR 1.30, 95% CI 1.06–1.57] and thyroid cancer [SIR 3.47, 95% CI 1.66–6.38]. Melanoma incidence was increased in female office workers [SIR 2.27, 95% CI 1.36–3.54]. Lip cancer incidence was increased in male maintenance/production workers [SIR 2.04, 95% CI 1.02–3.65]. Overall cancer incidence was otherwise similar to the general Australian population. Conclusions Overall risk of death and incidence of cancer for bauxite mine and alumina refinery workers was similar to the general population. Incidence and risk of death from mesothelioma were higher, likely due to historic asbestos exposure in this and other industries. The increased risk of melanoma, lip, prostate and thyroid cancers requires further investigation.