Synthesis of Green Nanoparticles and Its Application to the Quantitative Determination of Tioguanine

Abstract

Green silver nanoparticle-based spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric measurements for tioguanine (TG) determination are reported in this study as a reliable, non-toxic approach with a sensitive and effective green assembly. TG is an anti-cancer medication used to treat leukemia. Chemical-based method development for its analysis purpose may have a dangerous effect on the environment. Cleaner, more affordable methods have received a lot of attention lately. By using Box–Behnken design under a response surface approach, the factors essential for the synthesis of green silver nanoparticles were optimized. For the two approaches, experimental optimization resulted in linear dynamic ranges of 55–220 and 65–200 nM, respectively. The technique was sensitive enough to detect and quantify TG at concentrations of 6.6 and 12.4 nM, respectively. The devised method is validated by satisfactory findings for the statistical treatment of the analytical data in accordance with the ICH requirements. Green nanoparticle formation was supported by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy analysis. When the developed nanosensors were used with the formulations, the relative standard deviation achieved was less than 2%. The photocatalytic degradation of acid fuchsin dye produced results that demonstrated the possible application of the developed nanosensors.