Analysis and Design of a 21.2-to-25.5-GHz Triple-Coil Transformer-Coupled QVCO

Abstract

This paper reports a triple-coil transformer-coupled quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (TC-QVCO), which inherently provides the quadrature signal without using the noisy active-coupling transistors. The determinate correlation of tank voltages is verified by utilizing the initial state to facilitate the oscillation state analysis. Thus, the TC-QVCO would operate without the oscillation mode ambiguity. Additionally, thanks to the triple-coil transformer coupling, a large source coil $L_{S}$ aids in achieving in-phase coupling for phase noise (PN) improvement, and the intensified coupling factor $k_{gd}$ benefits reducing the PN and the quadrature phase error simultaneously. Therefore, our TC-QVCO would alleviate the tradeoff between PN and quadrature phase accuracy via using a large $L_{S}$ and $k_{gd}$ . The proposed QVCO prototyped in 65-nm CMOS exhibits a superior FoM $_{\text {@10MHz}}$ (180.1 to 182.2 dBc/Hz) over a 18.2% frequency tuning range (21.2 to 25.5 GHz), and the estimated quadrature phase error <0.8°.