Variable seed quality hampers the use of Themeda triandra (Poaceae) for seed production, agriculture, research and restoration: a review

IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Australian Journal of Botany Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI:10.1071/bt24011
Marne Durnin, Emma Dalziell, Suzanne M. Prober, Petra Marschner
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Abstract

Themeda triandra (Forssk.) is a tussock grass of international importance for its keystone role in grassy ecosystems and, hence, is often a focus for seed production, research and ecological restoration. However, these applications can be challenged by its seed biology, including seed dormancy and the variability of seed traits among populations. The literature on these topics has not been well synthesised. To address this, we reviewed the relevant literature for Themeda triandra seed and found that seed quality is often poor but highly variable, and there are no current quality-assurance standards. Seed characteristics such as weight, awn length and desiccation tolerance can vary with seed ploidy (i.e. the number of chromosome sets). Germination rates of fresh Themeda triandra seed can be as low as 5%, which may be due to seed dormancy. Dormancy varies among populations and with seasonal conditions, and a period of dry storage at room temperature for 8–10 months may be needed before it will reach its full germination potential. No single treatment is effective in overcoming dormancy across all populations. The application of gibberellic acid can increase germination by ~30% in some populations. Although plant-derived smoke products can be effective, they also lack standardisation. Other treatments including the application of heat, or wet–dry cycling warrant further investigation. We recommend the standardisation of Themeda triandra seed testing and labelling, which would allow end users to assess value for money when purchasing seed commercially.

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种子质量参差不齐阻碍了三棱草(Poaceae)用于种子生产、农业、研究和恢复:综述
三棱草(Themeda triandra (Forssk.))是一种具有国际重要性的簇生草,在草地生态系统中发挥着关键作用,因此经常成为种子生产、研究和生态恢复的重点。然而,其种子生物学特性(包括种子休眠和种群间种子性状的变异性)可能会对这些应用提出挑战。有关这些主题的文献尚未得到很好的综合。为了解决这个问题,我们查阅了有关三棱草种子的相关文献,发现种子质量通常很差,但变异很大,而且目前还没有质量保证标准。种子的重量、芒长和耐干燥性等特性会随种子倍性(即染色体组数)的变化而变化。新鲜三棱草种子的发芽率可低至 5%,这可能是由于种子休眠造成的。休眠因种群和季节条件而异,可能需要在室温下干燥储藏 8-10 个月后才能充分发芽。没有一种处理方法能有效克服所有种群的休眠。施用赤霉素可使某些品种的发芽率提高约 30%。虽然植物提取的烟熏产品可能有效,但也缺乏标准化。包括加热或干湿循环在内的其他处理方法值得进一步研究。我们建议对三棱草种子的测试和标签进行标准化,这将使最终用户在通过商业途径购买种子时能够评估其性价比。
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来源期刊
Australian Journal of Botany
Australian Journal of Botany 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
18.20%
发文量
26
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Australian Journal of Botany is an international journal for publication of original research in plant science. We seek papers of broad interest with relevance to Southern Hemisphere ecosystems. Our scope encompasses all approaches to understanding plant biology. Australian Journal of Botany is published with the endorsement of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the Australian Academy of Science.
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