The potential and limitations of entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents for insect pest management

Abstract

Agricultural productivity is frequently threatened by a range of insect pests and pathogens that cause damage to crops. The use of chemical insecticides for control has raised concerns due to negative environmental effects, potential risks to animal and human health, and the emergence of insecticide resistance. Such issues pose threats to the future crop generations. To address these challenges, the application of biological control agents, particularly fungal insect pathogens, has shown promise in effectively managing crop pests and disease vectors. In recent years, significant progress has been made in harnessing the potential of entomopathogenic fungi (EF) for insect pest management. These advancements encompass the discovery and characterization of new fungal isolates, a better understanding their ecological effects in plants, integration of fungal agents within Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, and improvements in their efficacy, formulation, and range of applications. Efforts to overcome limitations in the use of EF under natural conditions and for large-scale applications have also yielded substantial advancements. Here, we provide an overview of recent successes achieved using EF as biocontrol agents, while also addressing their continued limitations, identifying promising areas for further research and challenges associated with utilizing EF. Progress in enhancing the safety and effectiveness of biocontrol methods using EF has led to important breakthroughs. These advancements have the potential to improve food security and safety while reducing adverse environmental impacts associated with pests.