During the last two decades there has been growing recognition of the importance of Allee effects in population dynamics and applied ecology. The Allee effect, that is decreased fitness at lower population densities, has been recognized as potentially playing an important role in the conservation of endangered species, in the practice of biological control, and the eradication of invasive species. Although a number of theoretical studies have been devoted to the role of Allee effects in the population dynamics of insects and other terrestrial arthropods, experimental evidence documenting Allee effects is still scarce. Here, we reviewed the literature reporting on density-dependent relationships in low-density populations and conducted a meta-analysis of 191 case studies to identify the occurrence of Allee effects and associated species traits. Allee effects are not rare in terrestrial arthropods, as they were reported in 47% of the cases we reviewed, comprising 46 out of 68 species. Ample examples exist for both demographic Allee effects (28 out of 74 cases cases), and component Allee effects (61 out of 117 cases). Insufficient mating success, cooperative feeding, and enemy escape were the three main mechanisms associated with Allee effects in terrestrial arthropods. Insufficient reproductive success was the mechanism with the highest proportion of related Allee effects (71%). Voltinism and host specialization were common species traits behind demographic Allee effects. Host specialists with univoltine life cycles tended to have stronger Allee effects. The high frequency of Allee effects in terrestrial arthropods reported here and the identified mechanisms behind them have important implications for the selection of management strategies.
{"title":"Widespread experimental evidence of Allee effects in insects: a meta-analysis","authors":"Manuela Branco, Théo Dokhelar, Eckehar.G. Brockerhoff, Andre.M. Liebhold, Hervé Jactel","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2377","url":null,"abstract":"During the last two decades there has been growing recognition of the importance of Allee effects in population dynamics and applied ecology. The Allee effect, that is decreased fitness at lower population densities, has been recognized as potentially playing an important role in the conservation of endangered species, in the practice of biological control, and the eradication of invasive species. Although a number of theoretical studies have been devoted to the role of Allee effects in the population dynamics of insects and other terrestrial arthropods, experimental evidence documenting Allee effects is still scarce. Here, we reviewed the literature reporting on density-dependent relationships in low-density populations and conducted a meta-analysis of 191 case studies to identify the occurrence of Allee effects and associated species traits. Allee effects are not rare in terrestrial arthropods, as they were reported in 47% of the cases we reviewed, comprising 46 out of 68 species. Ample examples exist for both demographic Allee effects (28 out of 74 cases cases), and component Allee effects (61 out of 117 cases). Insufficient mating success, cooperative feeding, and enemy escape were the three main mechanisms associated with Allee effects in terrestrial arthropods. Insufficient reproductive success was the mechanism with the highest proportion of related Allee effects (71%). Voltinism and host specialization were common species traits behind demographic Allee effects. Host specialists with univoltine life cycles tended to have stronger Allee effects. The high frequency of Allee effects in terrestrial arthropods reported here and the identified mechanisms behind them have important implications for the selection of management strategies.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2528
Gengping Zhu, Javier Gutierrez Illan, Ann E. Hajek, Anne L. Nielsen, Tracy C. Leskey, James F. Walgenbach, Elizabeth H. Beers, David W. Crowder
Biological control is often a key component of management strategies for invasive species. Yet, the effectiveness of biological control can be limited by a poor understanding of natural enemy ecology. To overcome this, habitat suitability models can predict distributions of invasive species and identify areas of potential overlap between invaders and natural enemies to guide biological control. Here we used data from a coordinated national monitoring network and a novel modeling method that incorporates physiology into correlative niche models to predict potential distributions of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, and two natural enemies (a parasitoid, Trissolcus japonicus, and a microsporidian, Nosema maddoxi) in current and future climates (2070s). We show all three species have broad similarity in habitat suitability, with especially high overlap in the mid-Atlantic and southeastern US where H. halys populations were first established. Each species will likely expand their range across the northern US in the future, but the overlap between species may decrease. In much of the central and southeastern US, H. halys may decrease its range over time, although natural enemies may be less impacted, and overlap between species may increase. Our study shows that biological control provided by T. japonicus and N. maddoxi could be key for managing H. halys given their overlapping niches, and our models can aid in delineating areas where biocontrol may be most effective. Our method of linking field data with correlative niche models can also be used for other insects.
{"title":"Assessing geographic dimensions of biological control for Halyomorpha halys in United States","authors":"Gengping Zhu, Javier Gutierrez Illan, Ann E. Hajek, Anne L. Nielsen, Tracy C. Leskey, James F. Walgenbach, Elizabeth H. Beers, David W. Crowder","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2528","url":null,"abstract":"Biological control is often a key component of management strategies for invasive species. Yet, the effectiveness of biological control can be limited by a poor understanding of natural enemy ecology. To overcome this, habitat suitability models can predict distributions of invasive species and identify areas of potential overlap between invaders and natural enemies to guide biological control. Here we used data from a coordinated national monitoring network and a novel modeling method that incorporates physiology into correlative niche models to predict potential distributions of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, and two natural enemies (a parasitoid, Trissolcus japonicus, and a microsporidian, Nosema maddoxi) in current and future climates (2070s). We show all three species have broad similarity in habitat suitability, with especially high overlap in the mid-Atlantic and southeastern US where H. halys populations were first established. Each species will likely expand their range across the northern US in the future, but the overlap between species may decrease. In much of the central and southeastern US, H. halys may decrease its range over time, although natural enemies may be less impacted, and overlap between species may increase. Our study shows that biological control provided by T. japonicus and N. maddoxi could be key for managing H. halys given their overlapping niches, and our models can aid in delineating areas where biocontrol may be most effective. Our method of linking field data with correlative niche models can also be used for other insects.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2731
Denis Thiery, Karine Monceau
This paper is an editorial to Entomologia Generalis 44/3.
本文是《昆虫学总论》44/3 的社论。
{"title":"Twenty years of attempting to control the Vespa velutina invasion: will we win the battle?","authors":"Denis Thiery, Karine Monceau","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2731","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an editorial to Entomologia Generalis 44/3.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2464
Xingkai Guo, Lisheng Zhang, Mengqing Wang, Yuyan Li, Zhongjian Shen, Tony Nolan, Jianjun Mao
Chemical insecticides and natural enemies are important components of integrated pest management (IPM) and are usually incompatible in the field environment. The ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata is a generalist predator of aphids worldwide. However, its field application is seriously restricted because it is highly susceptible to insecticides. Here, we constructed CRISPR/Cas9-edited C. septempunctata harboring mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α subunit (nAChRα). The C. septempunctata nAChRα (Csnα) knockout strain (Csnα-D7) showed moderate resistance to spinosad (28.56-fold) and imidacloprid (17.28-fold), but no resistance to abamectin. The survival rates of the caged Csnα-D7 C. septempunctata treated with spinosad and imidacloprid at field concentrations were significantly higher than the survival rates of the caged wild-type ladybird beetles treated with field label doses of the same insecticides. The Csnα-D7 strain exhibited normal growth, development, reproduction, and predation performance compared to wild-type ladybird beetles, suggesting a low fitness cost caused by the Csnα mutation. Heritance analysis demonstrated that the resistance to spinosyns in Csnα-D7 was autosomal, incompletely recessive, and closely related to the Csnα mutation. This study significantly enhanced the compatibility of insecticides with natural enemies using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, contributing to the reduction in insecticide usage and improvement of the ecological environment.
化学杀虫剂和天敌是害虫综合防治（IPM）的重要组成部分，但在田间环境中通常互不相容。瓢虫 Coccinella septempunctata 是全世界蚜虫的天敌。然而，由于它极易受杀虫剂影响，其田间应用受到严重限制。在这里，我们构建了携带烟碱乙酰胆碱受体α亚基（nAChRα）突变的CRISPR/Cas9编辑的七星瓢虫。七鳃鳗nAChRα（Csnα）基因敲除菌株（Csnα-D7）对旋覆花（28.56倍）和吡虫啉（17.28倍）表现出中等抗性，但对阿维菌素没有抗性。用田间浓度的 spinosad 和吡虫啉处理笼养的 Csnα-D7 C. septempunctata 的存活率明显高于用田间标签剂量的相同杀虫剂处理笼养的野生型瓢虫的存活率。与野生型瓢虫相比，Csnα-D7品系的生长、发育、繁殖和捕食表现正常，表明Csnα突变造成的适应性成本较低。遗传分析表明，Csnα-D7对棘刺的抗性是常染色体不完全隐性遗传，与Csnα突变密切相关。该研究利用CRISPR/Cas9技术大大提高了杀虫剂与天敌的兼容性，为减少杀虫剂用量和改善生态环境做出了贡献。
{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α subunit confers moderate levels of resistance to spinosad and imidacloprid in the natural predator Coccinella septempunctata without fitness cost","authors":"Xingkai Guo, Lisheng Zhang, Mengqing Wang, Yuyan Li, Zhongjian Shen, Tony Nolan, Jianjun Mao","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2464","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical insecticides and natural enemies are important components of integrated pest management (IPM) and are usually incompatible in the field environment. The ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata is a generalist predator of aphids worldwide. However, its field application is seriously restricted because it is highly susceptible to insecticides. Here, we constructed CRISPR/Cas9-edited C. septempunctata harboring mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α subunit (nAChRα). The C. septempunctata nAChRα (Csnα) knockout strain (Csnα-D7) showed moderate resistance to spinosad (28.56-fold) and imidacloprid (17.28-fold), but no resistance to abamectin. The survival rates of the caged Csnα-D7 C. septempunctata treated with spinosad and imidacloprid at field concentrations were significantly higher than the survival rates of the caged wild-type ladybird beetles treated with field label doses of the same insecticides. The Csnα-D7 strain exhibited normal growth, development, reproduction, and predation performance compared to wild-type ladybird beetles, suggesting a low fitness cost caused by the Csnα mutation. Heritance analysis demonstrated that the resistance to spinosyns in Csnα-D7 was autosomal, incompletely recessive, and closely related to the Csnα mutation. This study significantly enhanced the compatibility of insecticides with natural enemies using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, contributing to the reduction in insecticide usage and improvement of the ecological environment.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In nature, certain hosts are attacked by multiple species of parasitoid wasps. Despite sharing a common host, parasitoid wasps adopt different parasitic strategies and regulatory systems to manage the host. With the invasion of the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda in China, many native parasitoid wasps have been investigated. Two larval endoparasitoid wasps, Microplitis manilae and Meteorus pulchricornis, are important natural enemies of the invasive pest FAW. However, the interactions of these two parasitoid wasps with FAWs are still largely unknown. In this study, we analysed the transcriptome data of FAW after parasitization by Mi. manilae or Me. pulchricornis. Our analyses showed that the critical regulatory periods for the two parasitoid wasps were at 1, 3 and 7 days post parasitization (dpp) for Mi. manilae and 5 and 7 dpp for Me. pulchricornis. Besides the suppression of the host’s innate immune system, the two parasitic wasps have different effects on host metabolism and development. Mi. manilae influences the host’s growth and physiological conditions by inhibiting cuticle development and lipid metabolism, and facilitating carbohydrate metabolism. Alternatively, Me. pulchricornis has minimal impact on the host until the final stage. In conclusion, Mi. manilae has a sophisticated ‘regulatory’ strategy with considerable alterations in the host at each time point, while Me. pulchricornis likely adopts a ‘conformer’ approach, especially at the early parasitism stage. Our study lays a groundwork for future research and applications of these parasitoids in the biological control of FAW.
{"title":"Transcriptome analysis reveals divergent parasitic strategies between two larval endoparasitoids of Spodoptera frugiperda","authors":"Peng-Zhan Wang, Xiao-Han Shu, Yu-Si Chen, Li-Cheng Gu, Zhi-Wei Wu, Ruo-Fei Ma, Pu Tang, Zhi-Zhi Wang, Xue-Xin Chen","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2241","url":null,"abstract":"In nature, certain hosts are attacked by multiple species of parasitoid wasps. Despite sharing a common host, parasitoid wasps adopt different parasitic strategies and regulatory systems to manage the host. With the invasion of the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda in China, many native parasitoid wasps have been investigated. Two larval endoparasitoid wasps, Microplitis manilae and Meteorus pulchricornis, are important natural enemies of the invasive pest FAW. However, the interactions of these two parasitoid wasps with FAWs are still largely unknown. In this study, we analysed the transcriptome data of FAW after parasitization by Mi. manilae or Me. pulchricornis. Our analyses showed that the critical regulatory periods for the two parasitoid wasps were at 1, 3 and 7 days post parasitization (dpp) for Mi. manilae and 5 and 7 dpp for Me. pulchricornis. Besides the suppression of the host’s innate immune system, the two parasitic wasps have different effects on host metabolism and development. Mi. manilae influences the host’s growth and physiological conditions by inhibiting cuticle development and lipid metabolism, and facilitating carbohydrate metabolism. Alternatively, Me. pulchricornis has minimal impact on the host until the final stage. In conclusion, Mi. manilae has a sophisticated ‘regulatory’ strategy with considerable alterations in the host at each time point, while Me. pulchricornis likely adopts a ‘conformer’ approach, especially at the early parasitism stage. Our study lays a groundwork for future research and applications of these parasitoids in the biological control of FAW.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2597
Elena Gonella, Giovanni Benelli, Nathalie Arricau-Bouvery, Domenico Bosco, Carlo Duso, Christopher H. Dietrich, Luciana Galetto, Attilio Rizzoli, Jelena Jović, Valerio Mazzoni, Nicola Mori, Rachele Nieri, Pio F. Roversi, Gudrun Strauss, Denis Thiéry, Valeria Trivellone, Meta Virant-Doberlet, Andrea Lucchi, Alberto Alma
Native to the Nearctic region, Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) has become a major threat for grapevine production after being unintentionally introduced into Europe, where it became the main vector of flavescence dorée phytoplasma, being mainly associated with the genus Vitis. Scaphoideus titanus is a highly efficient vector of the most important phytoplasma affecting grapevine. For this reason, compulsory insecticide treatments have been introduced against this pest in many European countries. Moreover, the continuous expansion of its geographical distribution makes this leafhopper a serious threat for several non-European Countries. In this article, we review the current knowledge about its taxonomy, morphology, biology, ecology, and its role as a vector. Finally, we point out the main challenges for research aimed at reducing S. titanus and flavescence dorée expansion across Europe and avoiding spread of the disease outside the Old World.
{"title":"Scaphoideus titanus up-to-the-minute: biology, ecology, and role as a vector","authors":"Elena Gonella, Giovanni Benelli, Nathalie Arricau-Bouvery, Domenico Bosco, Carlo Duso, Christopher H. Dietrich, Luciana Galetto, Attilio Rizzoli, Jelena Jović, Valerio Mazzoni, Nicola Mori, Rachele Nieri, Pio F. Roversi, Gudrun Strauss, Denis Thiéry, Valeria Trivellone, Meta Virant-Doberlet, Andrea Lucchi, Alberto Alma","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2597","url":null,"abstract":"Native to the Nearctic region, Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) has become a major threat for grapevine production after being unintentionally introduced into Europe, where it became the main vector of flavescence dorée phytoplasma, being mainly associated with the genus Vitis. Scaphoideus titanus is a highly efficient vector of the most important phytoplasma affecting grapevine. For this reason, compulsory insecticide treatments have been introduced against this pest in many European countries. Moreover, the continuous expansion of its geographical distribution makes this leafhopper a serious threat for several non-European Countries. In this article, we review the current knowledge about its taxonomy, morphology, biology, ecology, and its role as a vector. Finally, we point out the main challenges for research aimed at reducing S. titanus and flavescence dorée expansion across Europe and avoiding spread of the disease outside the Old World.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2598
Elena Gonella, Giovanni Benelli, Nathalie Arricau-Bouvery, Domenico Bosco, Carlo Duso, Christopher H. Dietrich, Luciana Galetto, Attilio Rizzoli, Jelena Jović, Valerio Mazzoni, Nicola Mori, Rachele Nieri, Pio F. Roversi, Gudrun Strauss, Denis Thiéry, Valeria Trivellone, Meta Virant-Doberlet, Andrea Lucchi, Alberto Alma
Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a major pest for European viticulture due to its high efficiency in the transmission of one of the most destructive pathogens for grapevine, namely flavescence dorée phytoplasmas. Although it plays a major role in spreading this disease, S. titanus is part of a complex epidemiological cycle involving several alternative vectors with variable relevance for phytoplasma spread. Here we provide an updated review on S. titanus monitoring and modelling, as well as the available tools for management of this pest and for limiting phytoplasma transmission and, thus, also spread. Insecticide-based control is examined; additional emphasis is placed on innovative and low-impact control approaches, such as vibrational mating disruption, biocontrol, and methods to reduce vector competence. We also discuss the main emerging challenges to the implementation of effective and sustainable control programs against S. titanus.
{"title":"Scaphoideus titanus forecasting and management: quo vadis?","authors":"Elena Gonella, Giovanni Benelli, Nathalie Arricau-Bouvery, Domenico Bosco, Carlo Duso, Christopher H. Dietrich, Luciana Galetto, Attilio Rizzoli, Jelena Jović, Valerio Mazzoni, Nicola Mori, Rachele Nieri, Pio F. Roversi, Gudrun Strauss, Denis Thiéry, Valeria Trivellone, Meta Virant-Doberlet, Andrea Lucchi, Alberto Alma","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2598","url":null,"abstract":"Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a major pest for European viticulture due to its high efficiency in the transmission of one of the most destructive pathogens for grapevine, namely flavescence dorée phytoplasmas. Although it plays a major role in spreading this disease, S. titanus is part of a complex epidemiological cycle involving several alternative vectors with variable relevance for phytoplasma spread. Here we provide an updated review on S. titanus monitoring and modelling, as well as the available tools for management of this pest and for limiting phytoplasma transmission and, thus, also spread. Insecticide-based control is examined; additional emphasis is placed on innovative and low-impact control approaches, such as vibrational mating disruption, biocontrol, and methods to reduce vector competence. We also discuss the main emerging challenges to the implementation of effective and sustainable control programs against S. titanus.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2488
Yue Zhang, Jia-Peng Yang, Guy Smagghe, Dong-Dong Liu, Ren-Huai Dai, Hong Yang
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in insects are short peptides that play an important role in their innate defense system. The production of AMPs is typically induced by an infection of pathogenic microorganisms, but cold stress may also cause upregulation of insect AMP genes. However, little is known about the functions of AMPs in cold stress situations and the recovery afterwards. As most important results, in this project with Lasioderma serricorne that can tolerate long storage under cold conditions, we identified and investigated four AMP genes (LsAtt1, LsAtt3, LsCec and LsDef-like). We confirmed their anti-bactericide activity in in vitro assays and in RNAi assays. The cross treatments with cold stress showed that LsDef-like was upregulated under cold stress and its silencing caused a loss of survival. In contrast, the expression of the other three AMPs did not change, and their silencing prolonged the recovery time. We believe that our cross treatments, revealing an association between immune activation and cold stress with AMPs, will increase our basic understanding of the immune system and the “cross-talk” with cold resistance.
{"title":"Antimicrobial peptides play important roles in innate immunity and recovery from chill coma in Lasioderma serricorne","authors":"Yue Zhang, Jia-Peng Yang, Guy Smagghe, Dong-Dong Liu, Ren-Huai Dai, Hong Yang","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2488","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in insects are short peptides that play an important role in their innate defense system. The production of AMPs is typically induced by an infection of pathogenic microorganisms, but cold stress may also cause upregulation of insect AMP genes. However, little is known about the functions of AMPs in cold stress situations and the recovery afterwards. As most important results, in this project with Lasioderma serricorne that can tolerate long storage under cold conditions, we identified and investigated four AMP genes (LsAtt1, LsAtt3, LsCec and LsDef-like). We confirmed their anti-bactericide activity in in vitro assays and in RNAi assays. The cross treatments with cold stress showed that LsDef-like was upregulated under cold stress and its silencing caused a loss of survival. In contrast, the expression of the other three AMPs did not change, and their silencing prolonged the recovery time. We believe that our cross treatments, revealing an association between immune activation and cold stress with AMPs, will increase our basic understanding of the immune system and the “cross-talk” with cold resistance.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141577420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2315
Ke-Xin Zhang, Chun-Yan Lin, Hui-Ping Liu, Inzamam UI Haq, Peter Quandahor, Yu-Ping Gou, Chun-Chun Li, Ze-Yuan Yang, Chang-Zhong Liu
Abstract: Drought and aphids are the key abiotic and biotic stresses on potato, respectively. Understanding the adaptability of aphid populations on potato cultivars that exhibit contrasting drought-tolerance (hereafter as different potato cultivars) under drought conditions is key for developing effective aphid management strategies in the context of climate change. We assessed the adaptability of the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae, on various potato cultivars under drought conditions using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. We found that drought reduced M. persicae adaptability in the three cultivars: Qingshu 9 (drought-tolerant), Longshu 3 (moderately drought-tolerant), and Atlantic (drought-susceptible). This was demonstrated by the longer developmental duration and total pre-reproductive period, lower adult longevity, survival rate, and fecundity, shorter reproduction days, as well as the lower net reproductive rate (R 0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and population size under drought conditions. Under drought conditions, M. persicae pre-adult survival rate, proportion of female adults (Nf /N), and R 0 suffered a greater reduction on Qingshu 9. Population projection showed a 100-fold reduction of aphid population size on Qingshu 9 after 90 days. The findings suggest that drought increased the resistance of the drought-tolerant cultivar to the aphid. Based on the present findings, drought-tolerant cultivars are encouraged to plant in arid lands under drought conditions to increase potato resistance to aphids while maintaining their growth under drought conditions.
{"title":"Drought reduced the adaptability of Myzus persicae on drought-tolerant potato cultivars","authors":"Ke-Xin Zhang, Chun-Yan Lin, Hui-Ping Liu, Inzamam UI Haq, Peter Quandahor, Yu-Ping Gou, Chun-Chun Li, Ze-Yuan Yang, Chang-Zhong Liu","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2315","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Drought and aphids are the key abiotic and biotic stresses on potato, respectively. Understanding the adaptability of aphid populations on potato cultivars that exhibit contrasting drought-tolerance (hereafter as different potato cultivars) under drought conditions is key for developing effective aphid management strategies in the context of climate change. We assessed the adaptability of the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae, on various potato cultivars under drought conditions using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. We found that drought reduced M. persicae adaptability in the three cultivars: Qingshu 9 (drought-tolerant), Longshu 3 (moderately drought-tolerant), and Atlantic (drought-susceptible). This was demonstrated by the longer developmental duration and total pre-reproductive period, lower adult longevity, survival rate, and fecundity, shorter reproduction days, as well as the lower net reproductive rate (R 0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and population size under drought conditions. Under drought conditions, M. persicae pre-adult survival rate, proportion of female adults (Nf /N), and R 0 suffered a greater reduction on Qingshu 9. Population projection showed a 100-fold reduction of aphid population size on Qingshu 9 after 90 days. The findings suggest that drought increased the resistance of the drought-tolerant cultivar to the aphid. Based on the present findings, drought-tolerant cultivars are encouraged to plant in arid lands under drought conditions to increase potato resistance to aphids while maintaining their growth under drought conditions.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2729
François Verheggen, Silke Allmann, Pavel Stopka, Maria Pappas, Conxita Avila, Soizic Prado, Giovanna Romano, Thomas Blankers, Maryse Vanderplanck, Stefano Colazza, A. Bagnères
{"title":"European chemical ecologists translate the language of life into sustainability","authors":"François Verheggen, Silke Allmann, Pavel Stopka, Maria Pappas, Conxita Avila, Soizic Prado, Giovanna Romano, Thomas Blankers, Maryse Vanderplanck, Stefano Colazza, A. Bagnères","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2729","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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