Benefits of repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and virus-induced cross-neutralization potential in immunocompromised transplant patients and healthy individuals
David Hauser, Lorena Urda, Christopher Lang, Christian Mittelholzer, Fabian Otte, Enja Kipfer, Yuepeng Zhang, Martin Lett, Christiane Schebitz, Roman-Ulrich Müller, Wilfried Klimkait, Thomas Klimkait
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background Current COVID-19 vaccines primarily target the Spike protein of defined virus variants, offering limited protection against emerging variants in immunocompetent individuals. Similarly, protective immunity following natural SARS-CoV-2 infection is variable and of short duration, raising concerns about immunocompromised individuals’ vaccination strategies. Methods This prospective multi-center study examined 66 sera from 59 immunocompromised and 451 sera from 215 immunocompetent individuals from different pandemic periods. We establish and validate a live virus-based neutralization assay (VNA) to determine the virus-inactivating potential against ancestral and current SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Results Our VNA demonstrated superior performance over surrogate neutralization assays. We found strong but transient immunity after complete vaccination schemes, with single doses providing minimum neutralization, regardless of vaccine type. Combining vaccination-induced immunity with SARS-CoV-2 infection before or after vaccination yielded higher neutralizing titers than vaccination or infection alone, consistent across both study groups. Additional doses after a full vaccination course restore neutralization levels. Conclusions Potentially protective SARS-CoV-2 neutralization is reliably induced in immunocompromised individuals by prior attenuation of immunosuppression. First-generation vaccines protect against various SARS-CoV-2 variants in immunocompetent individuals, with effective cross-neutralization demonstrated up to the Delta variant but largely absent for later Omicron variants. Continuous vaccine updates are necessary to address emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
期刊介绍:
Open Forum Infectious Diseases provides a global forum for the publication of clinical, translational, and basic research findings in a fully open access, online journal environment. The journal reflects the broad diversity of the field of infectious diseases, and focuses on the intersection of biomedical science and clinical practice, with a particular emphasis on knowledge that holds the potential to improve patient care in populations around the world. Fully peer-reviewed, OFID supports the international community of infectious diseases experts by providing a venue for articles that further the understanding of all aspects of infectious diseases.