Pub Date : 2024-09-30eCollection Date: 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae524
Erik R Dubberke, Qinghua Li, Engels N Obi, Vladimir Turzhitsky, Fakhar Siddiqui, Brian H Nathanson
Background: The 2021 update to the Infectious Diseases Society of America Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) guidelines recommended fidaxomicin as the preferred treatment over vancomycin for patients with initial and recurrent CDI. Few studies have examined how treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of hospitalized CDI patients changed after the postguideline update or contemporary real-world outcomes of fidaxomicin vs vancomycin.
Methods: This retrospective, observational study used the PINC AI Healthcare Database on adult patients who received CDI treatment between 1/2020 and 6/2021 (pre period) and between 10/2021 and 9/2022 (post period). We examined treatment patterns of fidaxomicin, vancomycin, and metronidazole, as well as clinical and health care resource use outcomes of patients treated exclusively with fidaxomicin vs vancomycin, using nearest-neighbor propensity matching and hierarchical regression methods. As a sensitivity analysis, we repeated the fidaxomicin vs vancomycin comparisons among patients with recurrent and nonrecurrent index infections.
Results: A total of 45 049 patients with CDI from 779 US hospitals met initial inclusion criteria. Comparing the pre vs post periods, the proportion of patients treated with fidaxomicin increased from 5.9% to 13.7% (P < .001), vancomycin use decreased from 87.9% to 82.9% (P < .001), and metronidazole use decreased from 21.6% to 17.2% (P < .001). When comparing fidaxomicin vs vancomycin in the post period, fidaxomicin was associated with lower CDI recurrence (6.1% vs 10.2%; P < .001) and higher sustained clinical response (91.7% vs 87.8%; P < .001). Ninety-day postdischarge costs were not significantly different between groups. A sensitivity analyses showed similar findings.
Conclusions: Since the 2021 guideline update, fidaxomicin use has increased significantly but could be further utilized given its association with better clinical outcomes and no increase in postdischarge costs.
{"title":"A Retrospective Assessment of Guideline Adherence and Treatment Outcomes From <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection Following the IDSA 2021 Clinical Guideline Update: <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection.","authors":"Erik R Dubberke, Qinghua Li, Engels N Obi, Vladimir Turzhitsky, Fakhar Siddiqui, Brian H Nathanson","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae524","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The 2021 update to the Infectious Diseases Society of America <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) guidelines recommended fidaxomicin as the preferred treatment over vancomycin for patients with initial and recurrent CDI. Few studies have examined how treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of hospitalized CDI patients changed after the postguideline update or contemporary real-world outcomes of fidaxomicin vs vancomycin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, observational study used the PINC AI Healthcare Database on adult patients who received CDI treatment between 1/2020 and 6/2021 (pre period) and between 10/2021 and 9/2022 (post period). We examined treatment patterns of fidaxomicin, vancomycin, and metronidazole, as well as clinical and health care resource use outcomes of patients treated exclusively with fidaxomicin vs vancomycin, using nearest-neighbor propensity matching and hierarchical regression methods. As a sensitivity analysis, we repeated the fidaxomicin vs vancomycin comparisons among patients with recurrent and nonrecurrent index infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 45 049 patients with CDI from 779 US hospitals met initial inclusion criteria. Comparing the pre vs post periods, the proportion of patients treated with fidaxomicin increased from 5.9% to 13.7% (<i>P</i> < .001), vancomycin use decreased from 87.9% to 82.9% (<i>P</i> < .001), and metronidazole use decreased from 21.6% to 17.2% (<i>P</i> < .001). When comparing fidaxomicin vs vancomycin in the post period, fidaxomicin was associated with lower CDI recurrence (6.1% vs 10.2%; <i>P</i> < .001) and higher sustained clinical response (91.7% vs 87.8%; <i>P</i> < .001). Ninety-day postdischarge costs were not significantly different between groups. A sensitivity analyses showed similar findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Since the 2021 guideline update, fidaxomicin use has increased significantly but could be further utilized given its association with better clinical outcomes and no increase in postdischarge costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30eCollection Date: 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae546
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae344.].
[此处更正了文章 DOI:10.1093/ofid/ofae344]。
{"title":"Correction to: Low Prevalence of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Resistance-Associated Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Lineages From Botswana.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae344.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27eCollection Date: 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae539
Michael Rockson Adjei, Justice Ofori Amoah, George Bonsu, Rafiq Okine, Naziru Tanko Mohammed, Kwame Amponsa-Achiano, Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe, Patrick Kuma-Aboagye, Jason Mathiu Mwenda, Martin Peter Grobusch, Sally-Ann Ohene
Background: Ghana introduced a 2-dose schedule rotavirus vaccine, Rotarix, into childhood immunization in 2012 but switched to a 3-dose schedule vaccine, Rotavac, in 2020 on account of programmatic advantages offered by the latter, including lower cost per fully immunized child and lower cold chain volume requirement. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of the vaccine switch on the trends of rotavirus vaccine uptake and health facility outpatient department (OPD) attendance due to diarrhea among children aged 1-11 months.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on childhood immunization and diarrhea surveillance data for 2018-2022. The uptake of the different rotavirus vaccine products and the proportion of health facility OPD attendance attributed to diarrhea, respectively, were compared between the pre- and postswitch study periods.
Results: The uptake of rotavirus vaccine was sustained following the switch. There were no significant differences in vaccination coverages (rota1, Rotarix coverage [94.3%], vs rota1, Rotavac coverage [95.3%]; P = .757; rota2, Rotarix coverage [91.3%], vs rota2, Rotavac coverage [92.7%]; P = .789). The proportions of health facility OPD attendance due to diarrhea were comparable (preswitch [12.4%] vs postswitch [12.1%]; P = .838).
Conclusions: Ghana's rotavirus vaccine switch yielded expected programmatic benefits without any untoward effects. The trends of vaccine uptake and reduction in diarrhea morbidity were sustained. These experiences and lessons from the rotavirus vaccine switch are vital for potential switches for other vaccines in the current immunization schedule to mitigate the annual vaccine expenditure.
{"title":"Has Ghana's Rotavirus Vaccine Switch Met Programmatic Expectations? An Analysis of National Surveillance Data; 2018-2022.","authors":"Michael Rockson Adjei, Justice Ofori Amoah, George Bonsu, Rafiq Okine, Naziru Tanko Mohammed, Kwame Amponsa-Achiano, Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe, Patrick Kuma-Aboagye, Jason Mathiu Mwenda, Martin Peter Grobusch, Sally-Ann Ohene","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae539","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ghana introduced a 2-dose schedule rotavirus vaccine, Rotarix, into childhood immunization in 2012 but switched to a 3-dose schedule vaccine, Rotavac, in 2020 on account of programmatic advantages offered by the latter, including lower cost per fully immunized child and lower cold chain volume requirement. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of the vaccine switch on the trends of rotavirus vaccine uptake and health facility outpatient department (OPD) attendance due to diarrhea among children aged 1-11 months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on childhood immunization and diarrhea surveillance data for 2018-2022. The uptake of the different rotavirus vaccine products and the proportion of health facility OPD attendance attributed to diarrhea, respectively, were compared between the pre- and postswitch study periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The uptake of rotavirus vaccine was sustained following the switch. There were no significant differences in vaccination coverages (rota1, Rotarix coverage [94.3%], vs rota1, Rotavac coverage [95.3%]; <i>P</i> = .757; rota2, Rotarix coverage [91.3%], vs rota2, Rotavac coverage [92.7%]; <i>P</i> = .789). The proportions of health facility OPD attendance due to diarrhea were comparable (preswitch [12.4%] vs postswitch [12.1%]; <i>P</i> = .838).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ghana's rotavirus vaccine switch yielded expected programmatic benefits without any untoward effects. The trends of vaccine uptake and reduction in diarrhea morbidity were sustained. These experiences and lessons from the rotavirus vaccine switch are vital for potential switches for other vaccines in the current immunization schedule to mitigate the annual vaccine expenditure.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11447473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25eCollection Date: 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae518
Channah M Gaasbeek, Maxime Visser, Rory D de Vries, Marion Koopmans, Rob van Binnendijk, Gerco den Hartog
During the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were introduced to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. This also resulted in a reduction of notifications of other acute respiratory infections and an altered seasonality when NPIs were lifted. Without circulation of pathogens, waning of antibodies is expected, which is a first indicator of decreased immunity. Here, by performing a systematic literature review, we investigated whether reduced antibody levels due to waning immunity contributed to the altered seasonality after NPIs were lifted. Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria and reported antibody levels or seroprevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus, seasonal human coronavirus, Bordetella pertussis, and influenza virus. We show that the COVID-19 pandemic most likely led to waning of pathogen-specific antibodies, with the strongest evidence for human respiratory syncytial virus and seasonal human coronavirus and with a larger decrease in children vs adults. Waning antibodies might have resulted in out-of-season activity for these pathogens.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>, Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Influenza Virus, and Seasonal Coronavirus Antibody Levels: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Channah M Gaasbeek, Maxime Visser, Rory D de Vries, Marion Koopmans, Rob van Binnendijk, Gerco den Hartog","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were introduced to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. This also resulted in a reduction of notifications of other acute respiratory infections and an altered seasonality when NPIs were lifted. Without circulation of pathogens, waning of antibodies is expected, which is a first indicator of decreased immunity. Here, by performing a systematic literature review, we investigated whether reduced antibody levels due to waning immunity contributed to the altered seasonality after NPIs were lifted. Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria and reported antibody levels or seroprevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus, seasonal human coronavirus, <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>, and influenza virus. We show that the COVID-19 pandemic most likely led to waning of pathogen-specific antibodies, with the strongest evidence for human respiratory syncytial virus and seasonal human coronavirus and with a larger decrease in children vs adults. Waning antibodies might have resulted in out-of-season activity for these pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11430909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae517
F Coustilleres, E M Thillard, R K Khanna, S Olivereau, M Ouaissi, N Pansu, M L Le Lez
The long-term tolerability of linezolid is low because of mitochondrial toxicity, whereas tedizolid may represent a better option for suppressive therapy. We report a first presumed case of tedizolid-associated optic neuropathy after a very prolonged (18-month) intake and believe that screening for optic neuropathy should be considered for patients undergoing tedizolid suppression.
{"title":"Severe Optic Neuropathy Induced by Very Prolonged Tedizolid as Suppressive Therapy: Description of a Case Report and Implication for Better Assessment.","authors":"F Coustilleres, E M Thillard, R K Khanna, S Olivereau, M Ouaissi, N Pansu, M L Le Lez","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The long-term tolerability of linezolid is low because of mitochondrial toxicity, whereas tedizolid may represent a better option for suppressive therapy. We report a first presumed case of tedizolid-associated optic neuropathy after a very prolonged (18-month) intake and believe that screening for optic neuropathy should be considered for patients undergoing tedizolid suppression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24eCollection Date: 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae523
Leonardo Palumbo, Camila A Picchio, Franck Barbier, Amanita Calderon-Cifuentes, Jules James, Nikolay Lunchenkov, Will Nutland, Greg Owen, Chloe Orkin, Miguel Rocha, Adam Shanley, Luca Stevenson, Pietro Vinti, Cristiana Salvi
Between May 2022 and September 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe engaged in a collaborative effort with affected communities to address the outbreak of mpox in the region. This concerted endeavor led to the development of a risk communication campaign specifically tailored to address the perceptions and needs of the target audience, thereby contributing to the control and the long-term goal of mpox elimination. Various community engagement interventions were implemented, including the establishment of an informal civil society organizations' working group to provide feedback on the WHO mpox campaign, webinars targeting event organizers, and roundtable discussions with country-level responders. The invaluable feedback garnered from the community was utilized to customize materials and extend outreach to groups that may have been overlooked in the initial response. This successful initiative underscored the immense potential of placing communities at the forefront of emergency response efforts, equipping them with the necessary resources, engagement, and empowerment. This offers 1 model of co-creation that can be applied to health emergencies. It is asserted that the pivotal role played by communities in this response should be recognized as a valuable lesson and incorporated into all emergency responses, ensuring sustained community involvement and empowerment throughout the entire emergency cycle.
{"title":"Co-creating a Mpox Elimination Campaign in the WHO European Region: The Central Role of Affected Communities.","authors":"Leonardo Palumbo, Camila A Picchio, Franck Barbier, Amanita Calderon-Cifuentes, Jules James, Nikolay Lunchenkov, Will Nutland, Greg Owen, Chloe Orkin, Miguel Rocha, Adam Shanley, Luca Stevenson, Pietro Vinti, Cristiana Salvi","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae523","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between May 2022 and September 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe engaged in a collaborative effort with affected communities to address the outbreak of mpox in the region. This concerted endeavor led to the development of a risk communication campaign specifically tailored to address the perceptions and needs of the target audience, thereby contributing to the control and the long-term goal of mpox elimination. Various community engagement interventions were implemented, including the establishment of an informal civil society organizations' working group to provide feedback on the WHO mpox campaign, webinars targeting event organizers, and roundtable discussions with country-level responders. The invaluable feedback garnered from the community was utilized to customize materials and extend outreach to groups that may have been overlooked in the initial response. This successful initiative underscored the immense potential of placing communities at the forefront of emergency response efforts, equipping them with the necessary resources, engagement, and empowerment. This offers 1 model of co-creation that can be applied to health emergencies. It is asserted that the pivotal role played by communities in this response should be recognized as a valuable lesson and incorporated into all emergency responses, ensuring sustained community involvement and empowerment throughout the entire emergency cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae541
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae060.].
[此处更正了文章 DOI:10.1093/ofid/ofae060]。
{"title":"Correction to: The Burden and Impact of Early Post-transplant Multidrug-Resistant Organism Detection Among Renal Transplant Recipients, 2005-2021.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae060.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae508
Ji-Soo Kwon, Ji Yeun Kim, Choi Young Jang, Ju Yeon Son, Woori Kim, Taeeun Kim, Se Yoon Park, Min-Chul Kim, Seong Yeon Park, Hye Hee Cha, Hyeon Mu Jang, Min-Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Sung-Han Kim
Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by Bandavirus dabieense (SFTS virus [SFTSV]). Recently, at least 6 different genotypes of SFTSV have been identified, with genotypes A, D, and F dominant in China and B dominant in Japan and Korea. This study investigated the effect of SFTSV genotypes circulating in South Korea on disease severity, viral load, and cytokine profile.
Methods: We prospectively enrolled 70 patients with SFTS from July 2015 to June 2022. Serial plasma samples were obtained during hospitalization and analyzed. Viral load was measured by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Partial sequences of the viral genome were analyzed for genotyping. Plasma concentrations of 17 cytokines were measured by multiplex-bead immunoassay.
Results: Of 70 samples, 51 could be genotyped. Genotype B was predominant (80.4%) and other genotypes were uncommon. Intensive care unit admission rates (51.2% vs 50.0%) and mortality rates (26.8% vs 40.0%) did not show any significant differences between genotype B and non-B genotypes. The initial viral load did not show any significant differences (3.59 vs 3.64 log copies/μL), whereas viral load measured at hospital day 3-4 tended to be higher in genotype B than non-B genotypes (3.83 vs 1.83 log copies/μL, P = .07). Additionally, the plasma concentrations of interferon-α, interleukin 10, and interferon-γ-induced protein 10, which are closely related to mortality in cases of SFTS, did not show any significant differences.
Conclusions: SFTSV genotype B was the prevalent genotype in South Korea, with no genotype-specific difference in clinical outcomes, initial viral load, or cytokine profiles.
背景:严重发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)是由达比埃带状疱疹病毒(SFTSV)引起的一种新出现的蜱媒疾病。最近,至少发现了 6 种不同的 SFTSV 基因型,其中基因型 A、D 和 F 在中国占主导地位,基因型 B 在日本和韩国占主导地位。本研究调查了在韩国流行的 SFTSV 基因型对疾病严重程度、病毒载量和细胞因子谱的影响:我们在 2015 年 7 月至 2022 年 6 月期间前瞻性地招募了 70 名 SFTS 患者。我们在住院期间连续采集血浆样本并进行分析。病毒载量通过实时反转录聚合酶链反应进行测定。对病毒基因组的部分序列进行了基因分型分析。血浆中 17 种细胞因子的浓度是通过多重微珠免疫测定法测定的:结果:在 70 份样本中,51 份可以进行基因分型。基因型 B 占主导地位(80.4%),其他基因型并不常见。重症监护室入院率(51.2% 对 50.0%)和死亡率(26.8% 对 40.0%)在基因 B 型和非 B 型之间没有明显差异。初始病毒载量无明显差异(3.59 vs 3.64 log copies/μL),而在住院第 3-4 天测量的病毒载量,基因型 B 往往高于非基因型 B(3.83 vs 1.83 log copies/μL,P = .07)。此外,与SFTS病例死亡率密切相关的干扰素α、白细胞介素10和干扰素γ诱导蛋白10的血浆浓度也未出现显著差异:结论:SFTSV 基因型 B 是韩国的流行基因型,在临床结果、初始病毒载量或细胞因子谱方面没有基因型特异性差异。
{"title":"Effect of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Genotype on Disease Severity, Viral Load, and Cytokines in South Korea.","authors":"Ji-Soo Kwon, Ji Yeun Kim, Choi Young Jang, Ju Yeon Son, Woori Kim, Taeeun Kim, Se Yoon Park, Min-Chul Kim, Seong Yeon Park, Hye Hee Cha, Hyeon Mu Jang, Min-Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Sung-Han Kim","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae508","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by <i>Bandavirus dabieense</i> (SFTS virus [SFTSV]). Recently, at least 6 different genotypes of SFTSV have been identified, with genotypes A, D, and F dominant in China and B dominant in Japan and Korea. This study investigated the effect of SFTSV genotypes circulating in South Korea on disease severity, viral load, and cytokine profile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We prospectively enrolled 70 patients with SFTS from July 2015 to June 2022. Serial plasma samples were obtained during hospitalization and analyzed. Viral load was measured by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Partial sequences of the viral genome were analyzed for genotyping. Plasma concentrations of 17 cytokines were measured by multiplex-bead immunoassay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 70 samples, 51 could be genotyped. Genotype B was predominant (80.4%) and other genotypes were uncommon. Intensive care unit admission rates (51.2% vs 50.0%) and mortality rates (26.8% vs 40.0%) did not show any significant differences between genotype B and non-B genotypes. The initial viral load did not show any significant differences (3.59 vs 3.64 log copies/μL), whereas viral load measured at hospital day 3-4 tended to be higher in genotype B than non-B genotypes (3.83 vs 1.83 log copies/μL, <i>P</i> = .07). Additionally, the plasma concentrations of interferon-α, interleukin 10, and interferon-γ-induced protein 10, which are closely related to mortality in cases of SFTS, did not show any significant differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SFTSV genotype B was the prevalent genotype in South Korea, with no genotype-specific difference in clinical outcomes, initial viral load, or cytokine profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae514
Daniel Aguilar-Zapata
In 2012, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a fungal meningitis outbreak due to Exserohilum rostratum, caused by methylprednisolone administration. Twelve years later, an iatrogenic outbreak of Fusarium meningitis was documented in Mexico after epidural anesthesia.
{"title":"Fusariosis in the Sphere.","authors":"Daniel Aguilar-Zapata","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2012, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a fungal meningitis outbreak due to <i>Exserohilum rostratum</i>, caused by methylprednisolone administration. Twelve years later, an iatrogenic outbreak of <i>Fusarium</i> meningitis was documented in Mexico after epidural anesthesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae442
Nyasha V Dzavakwa, Victoria Simms, Celia L Gregson, Molly Chisenga, Suzanne Filteau, Lackson Kasonka, Katharina Kranzer, Hildah Banda-Mabuda, Hilda Mujuru, Nicol Redzo, Cynthia Mukwasi-Kahari, Sarah L Rowland-Jones, Ulrich E Schaible, Rashida A Ferrand
Background: Stunting and pubertal delay are common among children growing up with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and are associated with bone and muscle impairments. We investigated factors associated with bone density and muscle function in adolescents living with HIV (ALWH).
Methods: The VITALITY trial (PACTR202009897660297) investigated whether vitamin D and calcium supplementation improves musculoskeletal health among ALWH. A total of 842 ALWH aged 11-19 years, established on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for ≥6 months, were enrolled from HIV clinics in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Clinical history and examination were undertaken, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) was measured. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured total-body-less-head bone mineral density adjusted for height (TBLH-BMDHT), and lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density (LS-BMAD) z scores. The association between a priori-defined covariates and musculoskeletal outcomes were investigated using baseline enrollment data and multivariable logistic regression.
Results: TBLH-BMDHTz scores were impaired (mean, -1.42 for male and -0.63 female participants), as were LS-BMAD z scores (mean -1.15 for male and -0.47 for female participants). In bivariate analysis, early pubertal stage, less physical activity, and older age at ART initiation were associated with lower TBLH-BMDHTz scores. Younger age, early pubertal stage, and low socioeconomic status were associated with lower LS-BMAD z scores. Grip-strength-for-height and jump-power-for-height z scores were associated with lower TBLH-BMDHT and LS-BMAD z scores. Low dietary vitamin D and calcium were associated with lower adjusted TBLH-BMDHTz scores. Lower 25(OH)D3 was associated with lower adjusted TBLH-BMDHT and LS-BMAD z scores.
Conclusions: Deficits in bone density are common in ALWH. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation and promotion of exercise may improve musculoskeletal health among perinatally infected ALWH.
背景:发育迟缓和青春期延迟是人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染儿童成长过程中的常见现象,并与骨骼和肌肉损伤有关。我们调查了与 HIV 感染青少年(ALWH)骨密度和肌肉功能相关的因素:VITALITY 试验(PACTR202009897660297)调查了维生素 D 和钙补充剂是否能改善 ALWH 的肌肉骨骼健康。赞比亚和津巴布韦的艾滋病诊所共招募了 842 名年龄在 11-19 岁、接受抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)≥6 个月的 ALWH。他们接受了临床病史和检查,并测量了血清 25- 羟维生素 D3 (25[OH]D3)。双能 X 射线吸收测量法测量了根据身高调整后的全身-头顶骨矿物质密度(TBLH-BMDHT)和腰椎骨矿物质表观密度(LS-BMAD)的 Z 值。利用基线注册数据和多变量逻辑回归研究了先验定义的协变量与肌肉骨骼结果之间的关联:结果:TBLH-BMDHT z 评分受损(男性参与者的平均值为-1.42,女性参与者的平均值为-0.63),LS-BMAD z 评分也受损(男性参与者的平均值为-1.15,女性参与者的平均值为-0.47)。在双变量分析中,青春期过早、体力活动较少以及开始接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的年龄较大与 TBLH-BMDHT z 评分较低有关。年龄较小、青春期较早和社会经济地位较低与 LS-BMAD z 分数较低有关。握力换身高和跳跃力换身高 z 分数与较低的 TBLH-BMDHT 和 LS-BMAD z 分数有关。低膳食维生素 D 和钙与调整后的 TBLH-BMDHT z 分数较低有关。25(OH)D3较低与调整后的TBLH-BMDHT和LS-BMAD z得分较低有关:结论:骨密度不足在 ALWH 中很常见。维生素 D 和钙补充剂以及促进运动可改善围产期感染的 ALWH 的肌肉骨骼健康。
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