Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Organs of the Immune System

Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI:10.1134/s0022093024040197

I. V. Maiborodin, I. O. Marinkin, N. V. Onoprienko, V. I. Maiborodina

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Abstract

In this review, we address the physiological aspects of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) effects on the immune organs, such as red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. The use of GnRH drugs leads to the replacement of red bone marrow with yellow one and an increase in the content of lymphoid and myeloid progenitor cells. These processes are paralleled by osteoporosis due to increased bone resorption with changes in calcium metabolism and a decrease in the density of various bone tissues, although there are opposing reports that GnRH has no effect on bone density and calcium metabolism. GnRH affects the thymus during both embryonic development and postnatal ontogenesis, in inflammation and age-related involution. Not only does GnRH cause changes in the thymus, but the thymus may in turn influence the GnRH system. Although a direct impact of GnRH on splenic cells has not been detected, splenic mass changed due to active immunization against GnRH in experiment. Unfortunately, very few articles demonstrate the physiological mechanisms of immunomodulation in such conditions. In any case, the obvious insufficiency and inconsistency of publications on each aspect of GnRH effects indicate that they are still poorly understood, and it is worth furthering not only applied but also fundamental studies in this direction, particularly in the context of developing effective systems for immune control.

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促性腺激素释放激素与免疫系统器官

摘要在这篇综述中，我们探讨了促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）对红骨髓、胸腺、脾脏和淋巴结等免疫器官的生理影响。使用 GnRH 药物会导致红骨髓被黄骨髓取代，淋巴细胞和骨髓祖细胞的含量增加。这些过程与骨质疏松症同时发生，骨吸收增加，钙代谢发生变化，各种骨组织的密度下降，但也有相反的报道称 GnRH 对骨密度和钙代谢没有影响。GnRH 不仅会导致胸腺发生变化，而且胸腺还可能反过来影响 GnRH 系统。虽然尚未发现 GnRH 对脾脏细胞有直接影响，但在实验中，脾脏质量因对 GnRH 的主动免疫而发生了变化。遗憾的是，很少有文章能证明在这种情况下免疫调节的生理机制。无论如何，有关 GnRH 各方面影响的文献明显不足且不一致，这表明人们对这些影响的了解还很不够，值得进一步开展这方面的应用研究和基础研究，特别是在开发有效的免疫控制系统方面。

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