Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1134/s0022093024040161
S. Yu. Zhilyaev, I. N. Basova, T. F. Platonova, O. S. Alekseeva, N. A. Gavrisheva, I. T. Demchenko
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) breathing induces generalized tonic and clonic seizures through poorly understood mechanisms. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the mechanisms of involvement of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the development of hyperbaric oxygen seizures. In rats placed in a pressure chamber under an oxygen pressure of 5 ATA, convulsive reactions were analyzed after the administration of pyrazidol, an MAO-A inhibitor, and pargyline, an MAO-B inhibitor. Studies have shown a decrease in the activity of MAO isoforms in HBO2 as well as a delay in the development of seizures in animals with inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B. The level of GABA in the brain decreased with HBO2, and inhibition of MAO-B with pargyline prevented the decrease in the inhibitory transmitter. The results indicate that MAO isoforms play an important role in regulating epileptogenesis in extreme hyperoxia. Hyperbaric oxygen, inhibiting the catalytic activity of MAO by transforming its molecular structure, leads to disruption of the regulation of the exchange of monoamine neurotransmitters and a decrease in the level of GABA in the brain, which together leads to an imbalance of excitation/inhibition processes in the central nervous system, which is the basis for the development of oxygen epilepsy.
摘要高压氧（HBO2）呼吸通过不甚明了的机制诱发全身强直和阵挛性癫痫发作。研究的目的是评估单胺氧化酶（MAO）参与高压氧癫痫发作的机制。将大鼠置于氧压为 5 ATA 的压力舱中，分析其在服用 MAO-A 抑制剂吡唑烷醇和 MAO-B 抑制剂帕吉林后的抽搐反应。研究表明，在抑制 MAO-A 和 MAO-B 的情况下，HBO2 中 MAO 同工酶的活性会降低，动物癫痫发作的时间也会推迟。脑内 GABA 的水平随 HBO2 而下降，而用帕吉林抑制 MAO-B 可以防止抑制性递质的下降。这些结果表明，MAO 同工酶在极度缺氧时调节癫痫发生中发挥着重要作用。高压氧通过改变 MAO 的分子结构来抑制 MAO 的催化活性，从而导致单胺类神经递质交换的调节紊乱和脑内 GABA 水平的下降，这共同导致了中枢神经系统兴奋/抑制过程的失衡，而这正是氧性癫痫发生的基础。
{"title":"Mechanisms of Monoamine Oxidase Involvement in the Development of Hyperbaric Oxygen Seizures","authors":"S. Yu. Zhilyaev, I. N. Basova, T. F. Platonova, O. S. Alekseeva, N. A. Gavrisheva, I. T. Demchenko","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040161","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO<sub>2</sub>) breathing\u0000induces generalized tonic and clonic seizures through poorly understood\u0000mechanisms. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the mechanisms\u0000of involvement of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the development of\u0000hyperbaric oxygen seizures. In rats placed in a pressure chamber\u0000under an oxygen pressure of 5 ATA, convulsive reactions were analyzed\u0000after the administration of pyrazidol, an MAO-A inhibitor, and pargyline,\u0000an MAO-B inhibitor. Studies have shown a decrease in the activity\u0000of MAO isoforms in HBO<sub>2</sub> as well as a delay\u0000in the development of seizures in animals with inhibition of MAO-A\u0000and MAO-B. The level of GABA in the brain decreased with HBO<sub>2</sub>,\u0000and inhibition of MAO-B with pargyline prevented the decrease in\u0000the inhibitory transmitter. The results indicate that MAO isoforms\u0000play an important role in regulating epileptogenesis in extreme\u0000hyperoxia. Hyperbaric oxygen, inhibiting the catalytic activity\u0000of MAO by transforming its molecular structure, leads to disruption\u0000of the regulation of the exchange of monoamine neurotransmitters\u0000and a decrease in the level of GABA in the brain, which together\u0000leads to an imbalance of excitation/inhibition processes in the\u0000central nervous system, which is the basis for the development of oxygen\u0000epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1134/s0022093024040331
L. E. Katkova, G. S. Baturina, M. M. Teterin, A. I. Sakhanenko, I. G. Palchikova, I. A. Iskakov, E. I. Solenov
Abstract
The experimental study of preservation length on the effect of high potassium concentration in the medium on the volume of human corneal endothelial cells was done. The results of the study of individual samples of fragments of donor material and the values calculated using joined data after hypothermic preservation for 4 and 10 days are presented. The increase of the time when cornea samples are kept in preservation medium (Eusol-C) at 4°C led to a decrease in the average value (M ± SEM) of cell swelling indicator (Q) in a potassium medium from 1.055 ± 0.001; n = 982 to 1.014 ± 0.001; n = 338; after 4 and 10 days, respectively. Student’s t-test for independent samples showed a high degree of significance for the difference between these values (p = 2E-76). Identification of the proportion of cells capable to swell in a medium with a high content of potassium ions (Q ≥ 1), reflecting the electrogenic activity in these cells, showed a decrease of this indicator in the studied groups with increasing duration of preservation (94.3% and 56.8% after 4 and 10 days, respectively). Based on the results of the study, it is suggested that the values of endothelial cells swelling in a potassium environment can serve as indicators of the cells’ ability to restore electrogenic transport. It is concluded that the study of cell swelling in a medium with a high content of potassium ions can provide information for predicting the functionality of the graft.
{"title":"Effect of Preservation on Changes in the Volume of Corneal Endothelial Cells in an Environment with a High Concentration of Potassium","authors":"L. E. Katkova, G. S. Baturina, M. M. Teterin, A. I. Sakhanenko, I. G. Palchikova, I. A. Iskakov, E. I. Solenov","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040331","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The experimental study of preservation length on the effect\u0000of high potassium concentration in the medium on the volume of human\u0000corneal endothelial cells was done. The results of the study of individual\u0000samples of fragments of donor material and the values calculated\u0000using joined data after hypothermic preservation for 4 and 10 days\u0000are presented. The increase of the time when cornea samples are\u0000kept in preservation medium (Eusol-C) at 4°C led to a decrease in\u0000the average value (<i>M</i> ± <i>SEM</i>) of cell swelling indicator (<i>Q</i>) in a potassium medium from 1.055\u0000± 0.001; <i>n</i> = 982 to 1.014 ±\u00000.001; <i>n</i> = 338; after 4 and\u000010 days, respectively. Student’s <i>t-</i>test\u0000for independent samples showed a high degree of significance for\u0000the difference between these values (<i>p</i> =\u00002E-76). Identification of the proportion of cells capable to swell\u0000in a medium with a high content of potassium ions (<i>Q</i> ≥ 1), reflecting the electrogenic activity\u0000in these cells, showed a decrease of this indicator in the studied\u0000groups with increasing duration of preservation (94.3% and 56.8%\u0000after 4 and 10 days, respectively). Based on the results of the\u0000study, it is suggested that the values of endothelial cells swelling\u0000in a potassium environment can serve as indicators of the cells’\u0000ability to restore electrogenic transport. It is concluded that\u0000the study of cell swelling in a medium with a high content of potassium\u0000ions can provide information for predicting the functionality of\u0000the graft.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1134/s0022093024040276
A. Yu. Arkhipov, G. I. Rodionov, V. B. Strelets
Abstract
In this work the response of cortical structures to auditory stimuli of different emotional significance (verbal stimuli associated with delusions and hallucinations and neutral ones) was investigated in healthy controls (n = 15; 7 males, 8 females) and in patients with paranoid schizophrenia (n = 24; 11 males, 13 females) in N170 component of the auditory evoked potential (AEP), participants of both groups had higher or specialized secondary education and nearly equal level of social well-being. In norm, an amplitude increase and latency shortening of N170 wave in the right central-parietal region for emotionally significant stimuli was found, which means the greater level of cortical activation for this type of stimuli. Along with the general decrease in cortical activation peculiar to paranoid schizophrenia patients, which is well known in scientific literature in this ERP component, our study revealed a simultaneous increase in both ERP parameters- amplitude and latency in frontal areas and their decrease in central and temporal areas- a phenomenon that we called the paradox effect (PE). PE in patients develops in response to emotionally significant verbal stimuli, which in norm cause increased activation. Thus, the study confirms our hypothesis that PEs are found on auditory ERPs as well as on visual ERPs, which we found earlier in previous studies. The fact that PE is observed at the N170 wave of the auditory evoked potential (AEP), i.e., at the same second perceptual stage as in the visual (VEP), may indicate that this response appears to be general principle for all modalities. However, because the auditory stimulus is shorter and more compact than the image, the response is earlier. In this regard, the PE to the auditory stimulus develops on N170 wave, whereas in visual modality it develops on later P200 component. Thus, in schizophrenia, a “conflict” between excitation and inhibition is detected already by 170 ms after stimulus presentation in response to significant stimuli, resulting in the PEs development. The identity of PEs detected in schizophrenia on VEP and AEP is also evidenced by the data on the similar character of cortical excitation with simultaneous increase or decrease of both N170 parameters. It is supposed that the revealed violation reflects the pathological process of synapse elimination peculiar to schizophrenia, which results in an excess of synapses in frontal areas combined with their deficit in central cortical areas.
{"title":"Disturbances of the Process of Synaptic Elimination and Its Reflection in the Wave N170 of Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP) in First Psychotic Episode of Paranoid Schizophrenia","authors":"A. Yu. Arkhipov, G. I. Rodionov, V. B. Strelets","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040276","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this work the response of cortical structures to auditory\u0000stimuli of different emotional significance (verbal stimuli associated\u0000with delusions and hallucinations and neutral ones) was investigated\u0000in healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 15;\u00007 males, 8 females) and in patients with paranoid schizophrenia\u0000(<i>n</i> = 24; 11 males, 13 females)\u0000in N170 component of the auditory evoked potential (AEP), participants\u0000of both groups had higher or specialized secondary education and\u0000nearly equal level of social well-being. In norm, an amplitude increase\u0000and latency shortening of N170 wave in the right central-parietal\u0000region for emotionally significant stimuli was found, which means\u0000the greater level of cortical activation for this type of stimuli.\u0000Along with the general decrease in cortical activation peculiar\u0000to paranoid schizophrenia patients, which is well known in scientific\u0000literature in this ERP component, our study revealed a simultaneous\u0000increase in both ERP parameters- amplitude and latency in frontal\u0000areas and their decrease in central and temporal areas- a phenomenon\u0000that we called the paradox effect (PE). PE in patients develops\u0000in response to emotionally significant verbal stimuli, which in\u0000norm cause increased activation. Thus, the study confirms our hypothesis\u0000that PEs are found on auditory ERPs as well as on visual ERPs, which\u0000we found earlier in previous studies. The fact that PE is observed\u0000at the N170 wave of the auditory evoked potential (AEP), i.e., at\u0000the same second perceptual stage as in the visual (VEP), may indicate that\u0000this response appears to be general principle for all modalities.\u0000However, because the auditory stimulus is shorter and more compact\u0000than the image, the response is earlier. In this regard, the PE\u0000to the auditory stimulus develops on N170 wave, whereas in visual\u0000modality it develops on later P200 component. Thus, in schizophrenia,\u0000a “conflict” between excitation and inhibition is detected already\u0000by 170 ms after stimulus presentation in response to significant\u0000stimuli, resulting in the PEs development. The identity of PEs detected\u0000in schizophrenia on VEP and AEP is also evidenced by the data on\u0000the similar character of cortical excitation with simultaneous increase\u0000or decrease of both N170 parameters. It is supposed that the revealed\u0000violation reflects the pathological process of synapse elimination\u0000peculiar to schizophrenia, which results in an excess of synapses\u0000in frontal areas combined with their deficit in central cortical\u0000areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1134/s002209302404032x
V. E. Kalashnikov, K. V. Sergeeva, O. V. Turtikova, S. A. Tyganov, T. M. Mirzoev, B. S. Shenkman
Abstract
The electromyographic activity of the soleus muscle is a reliable indicator of its functional status. Support unloading causes an immediate cessation of electrical activity of the soleus muscle, which resumes upon restoration of the support load. Prolonged support unloading, however, results in the emergence of spontaneous electrical activity of the soleus muscle. Previous research has established a correlation between this activity and the presence of the potassium-chloride cotransporter (KCC2) on the membranes of spinal cord motor neurons. It has also been demonstrated that the administration of the KCC2 activator prochlorperazine can eliminate spontaneous soleus muscle activity. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of CLP290, an alternative KCC2 activator, on the spontaneous tonic activity of the rat soleus muscle. The results indicated that daily administration of CLP290 to rats during a 14-day period of hindlimb suspension prevented the reduction in KCC2 levels in lumbar spinal cord motor neurons and the increase in soleus muscle spontaneous tonic activity. Notably, there were no significant differences in the cross-sectional area of slow-type fibers between the antiorthostatic suspension groups with and without CLP290 administration.
{"title":"Spontaneous Tonic Activity Revealed in Rat Soleus Muscle by CLP290, a Novel Spinal Cord Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter Activator, during Hindlimb Suspension","authors":"V. E. Kalashnikov, K. V. Sergeeva, O. V. Turtikova, S. A. Tyganov, T. M. Mirzoev, B. S. Shenkman","doi":"10.1134/s002209302404032x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s002209302404032x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The electromyographic activity of the soleus muscle is a reliable\u0000indicator of its functional status. Support unloading causes an\u0000immediate cessation of electrical activity of the soleus muscle,\u0000which resumes upon restoration of the support load. Prolonged support\u0000unloading, however, results in the emergence of spontaneous electrical\u0000activity of the soleus muscle. Previous research has established\u0000a correlation between this activity and the presence of the potassium-chloride\u0000cotransporter (KCC2) on the membranes of spinal cord motor neurons.\u0000It has also been demonstrated that the administration of the KCC2\u0000activator prochlorperazine can eliminate spontaneous soleus muscle\u0000activity. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of CLP290, an\u0000alternative KCC2 activator, on the spontaneous tonic activity of the\u0000rat soleus muscle. The results indicated that daily administration\u0000of CLP290 to rats during a 14-day period of hindlimb suspension\u0000prevented the reduction in KCC2 levels in lumbar spinal cord motor neurons\u0000and the increase in soleus muscle spontaneous tonic activity. Notably,\u0000there were no significant differences in the cross-sectional area\u0000of slow-type fibers between the antiorthostatic suspension groups with\u0000and without CLP290 administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1134/s0022093024040100
A. V. Korenevsky, Yu. P. Milyutina, S. K. Bochkovsky, A. A. Oshkolova, O. N. Bespalova, S. A. Selkov, D. I. Sokolov
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a population of innate immune cells that have cytotoxic functions and are involved in protecting the body from viruses and transformed cells. Placental development is largely determined by the interaction of decidual NK cells and trophoblast cells. During pregnancy, NK cells accumulate around trophoblast cells, while regulating trophoblast proliferation, migration and invasion through the secretion of cytokines and growth factors. The trophoblast, in turn, secretes chemokines and expresses ligands for NK cell adhesion receptors. Thus, functional regulation of trophoblast and NK cells is reciprocal. Despite intensive research, the role of NK cells and methods for correcting their functional activity in reproduction remain controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of NK cell lysate protein fractions on the phenotype, migration and apoptosis of trophoblast cells in an in vitro model experiment, using a new methodological approach. Chromatographic separation yielded six fractions with different protein cargoes. It was found that CD105 (endoglin) expression on the surface of JEG-3 trophoblast cells after their cultivation in the presence of high- (< 250 kDa) or low-molecular-weight (< 45 kDa) fractions of NK-92 whole-cell lysate was reduced compared to spontaneous expression, with the relative count of trophoblast cells with a CD105+ phenotype being also lowered. In addition, one of the low-molecular-weight fractions decreased TRAIL-R2 receptor expression by trophoblast cells. The high-molecular-weight fractions did not enable trophoblast cells to migrate completely through a semi-permeable membrane, with the area occupied by the migrated cells not exceeding the baseline control area. Moreover, the high-molecular-weight fraction containing the TGFβ dimer increased p-SMAD2/3 level in trophoblast cells 1 h after co-culture, followed by a decrease in the level of this phosphorylated form after 2 or more hours, and also elevated procaspase-3 level one day after co-culture. The data obtained hypothetically reflect the possible behavior of chorion cells under the influence of collapsing NK cells in the event of their death under both normal and pathological conditions caused by viral and bacterial infections, as well as other stress factors leading to reproductive pathology.
摘要 自然杀伤细胞（NK）是一种先天性免疫细胞，具有细胞毒性功能，参与保护机体免受病毒和转化细胞的侵害。胎盘的发育在很大程度上取决于蜕膜NK细胞和滋养层细胞的相互作用。妊娠期间，NK 细胞聚集在滋养层细胞周围，同时通过分泌细胞因子和生长因子调节滋养层细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。因此，滋养层细胞和 NK 细胞的功能调节是相互影响的。尽管进行了深入研究，但 NK 细胞在生殖中的作用以及纠正其功能活性的方法仍存在争议。本研究的目的是采用一种新的方法，在无菌模型实验中评估 NK 细胞裂解物蛋白组分对滋养层细胞表型、迁移和凋亡的影响。实验发现，在高分子量（250 kDa）或低分子量（45 kDa）的 NK-92 全细胞裂解物馏分存在下培养的 JEG-3 滋养层细胞表面的 CD105（内凝集素）表达与自发表达相比有所降低，CD105+表型的滋养层细胞的相对数量也有所减少。此外，其中一种低分子量馏分降低了滋养层细胞的 TRAIL-R2 受体表达。高分子量馏分不能使滋养层细胞完全迁移通过半透膜，迁移细胞所占面积不超过基线对照面积。此外，含有 TGFβ 二聚体的高分子量组分在共培养 1 小时后会增加滋养层细胞中 p-SMAD2/3 的水平，2 小时或更长时间后这种磷酸化形式的水平会下降，共培养一天后 procaspase-3 的水平也会升高。所获得的数据假设性地反映了绒毛膜细胞在正常和病理条件下，由于病毒和细菌感染以及其他导致生殖病理的应激因素而死亡时，在NK细胞崩溃影响下的可能行为。
{"title":"Micropreparative Cell Lysate Fractionation in Studying the Effect of Natural Killer Cells on Phenotype, Migration and Apoptosis of Trophoblast Cells in vitro","authors":"A. V. Korenevsky, Yu. P. Milyutina, S. K. Bochkovsky, A. A. Oshkolova, O. N. Bespalova, S. A. Selkov, D. I. Sokolov","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040100","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Natural killer (NK) cells are a population of innate immune\u0000cells that have cytotoxic functions and are involved in protecting\u0000the body from viruses and transformed cells. Placental development\u0000is largely determined by the interaction of decidual NK cells and\u0000trophoblast cells. During pregnancy, NK cells accumulate around\u0000trophoblast cells, while regulating trophoblast proliferation, migration\u0000and invasion through the secretion of cytokines and growth factors.\u0000The trophoblast, in turn, secretes chemokines and expresses ligands\u0000for NK cell adhesion receptors. Thus, functional regulation of trophoblast\u0000and NK cells is reciprocal. Despite intensive research, the role\u0000of NK cells and methods for correcting their functional activity\u0000in reproduction remain controversial. The aim of this study was\u0000to assess the effect of NK cell lysate protein fractions on the\u0000phenotype, migration and apoptosis of trophoblast cells in an in\u0000vitro model experiment, using a new methodological approach. Chromatographic\u0000separation yielded six fractions with different protein cargoes.\u0000It was found that CD105 (endoglin) expression on the surface of JEG-3\u0000trophoblast cells after their cultivation in the presence of high-\u0000(< 250 kDa) or low-molecular-weight (< 45 kDa) fractions of\u0000NK-92 whole-cell lysate was reduced compared to spontaneous expression,\u0000with the relative count of trophoblast cells with a CD105+ phenotype\u0000being also lowered. In addition, one of the low-molecular-weight\u0000fractions decreased TRAIL-R2 receptor expression by trophoblast\u0000cells. The high-molecular-weight fractions did not enable trophoblast\u0000cells to migrate completely through a semi-permeable membrane, with\u0000the area occupied by the migrated cells not exceeding the baseline\u0000control area. Moreover, the high-molecular-weight fraction containing\u0000the TGFβ dimer increased p-SMAD2/3 level in trophoblast cells 1\u0000h after co-culture, followed by a decrease in the level of this\u0000phosphorylated form after 2 or more hours, and also elevated procaspase-3\u0000level one day after co-culture. The data obtained hypothetically\u0000reflect the possible behavior of chorion cells under the influence\u0000of collapsing NK cells in the event of their death under both normal\u0000and pathological conditions caused by viral and bacterial infections,\u0000as well as other stress factors leading to reproductive pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1134/s0022093024040227
N. P. Komysheva, G. T. Shishkina, A. I. Mukhamadeeva, N. N. Dygalo
Abstract
Peripheral cytokines may influence psychoemotional behavior, but the role of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in altering anxiety and motor activity in response to inflammatory activation remains unclear. To clarify this issue, correlations between behavioral parameters in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test and plasma levels of IL-1beta after administration of the proinflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in different modes were analyzed in adult male rats. LPS in doses of 0.5 or 5 mg/kg, as well as physiological solution (control), were administered to rats intraperitoneally. The most pronounced behavioral effect 24 hours after a single injection was an endotoxin dose-dependent inhibition of the animals’ motor activity. Twenty four hours after the 5 mg/kg, an increased anxiety behavior was also observed. The behavioral changes caused by the high dose of endotoxin were completely normalized after a week. The behavior of the animals one day after the end of repeated injections of LPS at a lower dose for a week (0.5 mg/kg; once every two days) also did not differ from the control. The inhibition of motor activity after LPS could be due to an increase in the level of IL-1beta in the blood plasma, as indicated by the identified significant negative correlations between IL-1beta and the corresponding behavioral parameters. No significant correlation was found between the peripheral level of IL-1beta and such a classic indicator of anxiety as the percentage of entries into the open arms of the maze. In general, the obtained results allow us to conclude that IL-1beta is an undoubted participant in the mechanism of the transient inhibitory effect of LPS on motor activity.
{"title":"Analysis of Correlations between Behavioral Parameters in the Elevated Plus Maze and the Levels of Interleukin-1beta in Blood Plasma in Rats","authors":"N. P. Komysheva, G. T. Shishkina, A. I. Mukhamadeeva, N. N. Dygalo","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040227","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Peripheral cytokines may influence psychoemotional behavior,\u0000but the role of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in altering anxiety\u0000and motor activity in response to inflammatory activation remains\u0000unclear. To clarify this issue, correlations between behavioral\u0000parameters in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test and plasma levels\u0000of IL-1beta after administration of the proinflammatory stimulus\u0000lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in different modes were analyzed in adult\u0000male rats. LPS in doses of 0.5 or 5 mg/kg, as well as physiological\u0000solution (control), were administered to rats intraperitoneally.\u0000The most pronounced behavioral effect 24 hours after a single injection\u0000was an endotoxin dose-dependent inhibition of the animals’ motor\u0000activity. Twenty four hours after the 5 mg/kg, an increased anxiety\u0000behavior was also observed. The behavioral changes caused by the\u0000high dose of endotoxin were completely normalized after a week.\u0000The behavior of the animals one day after the end of repeated injections\u0000of LPS at a lower dose for a week (0.5 mg/kg; once every two days)\u0000also did not differ from the control. The inhibition of motor activity\u0000after LPS could be due to an increase in the level of IL-1beta in\u0000the blood plasma, as indicated by the identified significant negative\u0000correlations between IL-1beta and the corresponding behavioral parameters.\u0000No significant correlation was found between the peripheral level\u0000of IL-1beta and such a classic indicator of anxiety as the percentage\u0000of entries into the open arms of the maze. In general, the obtained\u0000results allow us to conclude that IL-1beta is an undoubted participant\u0000in the mechanism of the transient inhibitory effect of LPS on motor\u0000activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1134/s0022093024040124
G. M. Hamed, D. A. Abou-Bakr, N. K. M. Saleh, M. I. M. Elshishiny, W. E. Morsy
<h3 data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Abstract</h3><p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with a heightened risk for various metabolic comorbidities, including glucose intolerance, type II diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Objectives: the current study aims to elucidate the metabolic consequences of PCOS, with a particular focus on insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, and their impact on hepatic function, with or without high fat diet feeding, and to investigate the potential therapeutic role of moderate-intensity exercise in mitigating these PCOS-associated metabolic and hepatic complications. For this, 55 adult female Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 equal groups: Control group, polycystic ovary syndrome group (PCO), high fat diet fed polycystic ovary syndrome group (HF-PCO), exercise-treated polycystic ovary syndrome group (PCO-EX), and high fat diet fed exercise-treated polycystic ovary syndrome group (HF-PCO-EX). At the end of the study period (8 weeks), anthropometric measures were taken. Insulin resistance, lipid profile and liver enzymes activity were also assessed and serum estradiol, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), resistin and adiponectin levels were measured. Histopathological examination of ovarian and hepatic tissues was also performed. The results obtained demonstrated that glycaemic parameters significantly implied insulin resistance which was associated with a significant increase in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherogenic index (AI). On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the PCO and HF-PCO compared to the control group. Also, the activity levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) as well as serum concentration of testosterone, LH and resistin were all significantly increased while serum concentration of estradiol, adiponectin and adiponectin/resistin ratio (A/R) were significantly decreased. Swimming exercise was able to reduce serum testosterone and LH concentration levels and to elevate serum estradiol concentration and to improve all the metabolic parameters compared to their corresponding non-exercised groups through reduction of the proinflammatory cytokine resistin and elevation of adiponectin and A/R ratio. Histopathological analysis corroborated these findings revealing minimal inflammatory infiltration, apoptosis, and steatosis in the livers of exercised animals. These data allowed us to conclude that moderate intensity exercise notably improved insulin resistance and lipid metabolism, and mitigated hepatic effects through reducing the activity of liver enzymes and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, potentially preventing the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in PCOS rats, reg
{"title":"Metabolic Consequences of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Their Impact on Hepatic Function in High Fat Diet-Fed Rats: Potential Role of Moderate Intensity Exercise","authors":"G. M. Hamed, D. A. Abou-Bakr, N. K. M. Saleh, M. I. M. Elshishiny, W. E. Morsy","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040124","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with a heightened\u0000risk for various metabolic comorbidities, including glucose intolerance,\u0000type II diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, hepatic\u0000steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Objectives:\u0000the current study aims to elucidate the metabolic consequences of\u0000PCOS, with a particular focus on insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia,\u0000and their impact on hepatic function, with or without high fat diet\u0000feeding, and to investigate the potential therapeutic role of moderate-intensity\u0000exercise in mitigating these PCOS-associated metabolic and hepatic\u0000complications. For this, 55 adult female Wistar albino rats were\u0000divided into 5 equal groups: Control group, polycystic ovary syndrome\u0000group (PCO), high fat diet fed polycystic ovary syndrome group (HF-PCO),\u0000exercise-treated polycystic ovary syndrome group (PCO-EX), and high\u0000fat diet fed exercise-treated polycystic ovary syndrome group (HF-PCO-EX).\u0000At the end of the study period (8 weeks), anthropometric measures\u0000were taken. Insulin resistance, lipid profile and liver enzymes\u0000activity were also assessed and serum estradiol, testosterone, luteinizing\u0000hormone (LH), resistin and adiponectin levels were measured. Histopathological\u0000examination of ovarian and hepatic tissues was also performed. The\u0000results obtained demonstrated that glycaemic parameters significantly\u0000implied insulin resistance which was associated with a significant\u0000increase in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low\u0000density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherogenic index (AI).\u0000On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in high density\u0000lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the PCO and HF-PCO compared\u0000to the control group. Also, the activity levels of serum alanine\u0000aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma\u0000glutamyl transferase (GGT) as well as serum concentration of testosterone,\u0000LH and resistin were all significantly increased while serum concentration of\u0000estradiol, adiponectin and adiponectin/resistin ratio (A/R) were\u0000significantly decreased. Swimming exercise was able to reduce serum\u0000testosterone and LH concentration levels and to elevate serum estradiol\u0000concentration and to improve all the metabolic parameters compared\u0000to their corresponding non-exercised groups through reduction of\u0000the proinflammatory cytokine resistin and elevation of adiponectin\u0000and A/R ratio. Histopathological analysis corroborated these findings\u0000revealing minimal inflammatory infiltration, apoptosis, and steatosis\u0000in the livers of exercised animals. These data allowed us to conclude\u0000that moderate intensity exercise notably improved insulin resistance\u0000and lipid metabolism, and mitigated hepatic effects through reducing\u0000the activity of liver enzymes and the levels of inflammatory cytokines,\u0000potentially preventing the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver\u0000disease (NAFLD) in PCOS rats, reg","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1134/s0022093024040318
M. A. Tur, I. V. Belozertseva
Abstract
Housing conditions and prior life experiences are known to affect animal behavior and brain regions that regulate important neural and physiological functions, such as memory and stress responses. Stressors of low to moderate intensity can provide an enriched environment and promote cognitive functions. In contrast, exposures of excessive severity and/or duration can lead to maladaptation and distress, altering cognitive functions. Such excessive stressors can thus be used to model pathological conditions and test diverse therapeutic approaches. In this study, we addressed whether inescapable exposure of rats to aversive water environment of the “forced swim test” would interfere with their cognitive performance on the subsequent “water escape” test. The data show that a single exposure to a 15-min forced swim session interferes significantly with the ability to escape the water environment. This is manifested by a significant increase in the latency of diving under the cylinder and a reduction in the proportion of rats capable of completing the test task during the initial session. Additionally, there is a lack of development in diving skills during repeated sessions at 15-minute intervals. These negative effects can persist for at least 2 weeks. The use of the “forced swim” procedure prior to the “water escape” test may, therefore, provide a novel experimental approach to modeling stress-induced cognitive dysfunctions and evaluating the effects of pharmacological agents with potential antidepressant and procognitive properties.
{"title":"Effect of Forced Swimming on the Performance of the “Water Escape Test”","authors":"M. A. Tur, I. V. Belozertseva","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040318","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Housing conditions and prior life experiences are known to\u0000affect animal behavior and brain regions that regulate important\u0000neural and physiological functions, such as memory and stress responses. Stressors\u0000of low to moderate intensity can provide an enriched environment\u0000and promote cognitive functions. In contrast, exposures of excessive\u0000severity and/or duration can lead to maladaptation and distress,\u0000altering cognitive functions. Such excessive stressors can thus\u0000be used to model pathological conditions and test diverse therapeutic\u0000approaches. In this study, we addressed whether inescapable exposure\u0000of rats to aversive water environment of the “forced swim test”\u0000would interfere with their cognitive performance on the subsequent\u0000“water escape” test. The data show that a single exposure to a 15-min\u0000forced swim session interferes significantly with the ability to\u0000escape the water environment. This is manifested by a significant\u0000increase in the latency of diving under the cylinder and a reduction\u0000in the proportion of rats capable of completing the test task during\u0000the initial session. Additionally, there is a lack of development\u0000in diving skills during repeated sessions at 15-minute intervals.\u0000These negative effects can persist for at least 2 weeks. The use\u0000of the “forced swim” procedure prior to the “water escape” test\u0000may, therefore, provide a novel experimental approach to modeling\u0000stress-induced cognitive dysfunctions and evaluating the effects\u0000of pharmacological agents with potential antidepressant and procognitive\u0000properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1134/s0022093024040185
A. V. Cherepanova, Yu. R. Bravy, A. V. Karabelsky, M. M. Kotova, A. S. Shcherbakova, K. V. Apukhtin, V. S. Nikitin, M. Yu. Bobrov, A. V. Kalueff
Abstract
Neuroglia performs multiple important physiological functions, including maintenance of brain homeostasis and metabolism, neuroprotection and modulation of neurotransmission. Studying the role of neuroglia is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as nervous tissue repair in inflammation or traumatic brain injuries, not infrequent in sports. However, it is difficult to analyze the processes occurring in neuroglial cells because of their high heterogeneity and no system of biomarkers allowing unambiguous assessment of the nervous system’s functional state as a whole. Here we analyze the data on clinically and biologically significant molecular genetic markers of different types of neuroglia and discuss the prospects for their use in sports physiology, including the functional assessment of athletes with TBI of varying severity and other types of sports-related traumas.
{"title":"Molecular Genetic Markers of Neuroglia in Traumatic Brain Injury and Their Use for the Functional Assessment of Sportsmen","authors":"A. V. Cherepanova, Yu. R. Bravy, A. V. Karabelsky, M. M. Kotova, A. S. Shcherbakova, K. V. Apukhtin, V. S. Nikitin, M. Yu. Bobrov, A. V. Kalueff","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040185","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Neuroglia performs multiple important physiological functions,\u0000including maintenance of brain homeostasis and metabolism, neuroprotection\u0000and modulation of neurotransmission. Studying the role of neuroglia\u0000is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative\u0000diseases, as well as nervous tissue repair in inflammation or traumatic\u0000brain injuries, not infrequent in sports. However, it is difficult\u0000to analyze the processes occurring in neuroglial cells because of\u0000their high heterogeneity and no system of biomarkers allowing unambiguous\u0000assessment of the nervous system’s functional state as a whole.\u0000Here we analyze the data on clinically and biologically significant\u0000molecular genetic markers of different types of neuroglia and discuss\u0000the prospects for their use in sports physiology, including the functional\u0000assessment of athletes with TBI of varying severity and other types\u0000of sports-related traumas.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1134/s002209302404001x
O. P. Shatova, I. M. Kolesnikova, E. M. Yagodkina, S. S. Kaydoshko, A. M. Gaponov, S. A. Roumiantsev, A. V. Shestopalov
Abstract
The high incidence of childhood obesity is a big healthcare challenge worldwide, which is fraught with the development of not only numerous somatic comorbidities but also children’s social maladaptation. Searching for early biochemical markers of obesity stabilization and its progression at an older age is very important for identifying risk groups and preventing the development of obesity and its complications. Our study showed that the child’ sex, which is often disregarded in these situations, should necessarily be considered when assessing the developmental dynamics of obesity. Whereas in girls, a decrease in serum serotonin concentrations may serve as a marker of obesity stabilization/progression, in boys, this tendency can be predicted by reduced serum indole-3-acrylate levels. In both sexes, elevated fecal indole-3-carboxaldehyde levels can be indicative of obesity stabilization/progression.
{"title":"Tryptophan Signaling Molecules in Children with Different Developmental Dynamics of Obesity","authors":"O. P. Shatova, I. M. Kolesnikova, E. M. Yagodkina, S. S. Kaydoshko, A. M. Gaponov, S. A. Roumiantsev, A. V. Shestopalov","doi":"10.1134/s002209302404001x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s002209302404001x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The high incidence of childhood obesity is a big healthcare\u0000challenge worldwide, which is fraught with the development of not\u0000only numerous somatic comorbidities but also children’s social maladaptation. Searching\u0000for early biochemical markers of obesity stabilization and its progression\u0000at an older age is very important for identifying risk groups and\u0000preventing the development of obesity and its complications. Our\u0000study showed that the child’ sex, which is often disregarded in\u0000these situations, should necessarily be considered when assessing\u0000the developmental dynamics of obesity. Whereas in girls, a decrease\u0000in serum serotonin concentrations may serve as a marker of obesity\u0000stabilization/progression, in boys, this tendency can be predicted\u0000by reduced serum indole-3-acrylate levels. In both sexes, elevated\u0000fecal indole-3-carboxaldehyde levels can be indicative of obesity\u0000stabilization/progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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