Metal–Organic Frameworks as a Catalyst and Catalyst Support in Fuel Cells: From Challenges to Catalytic Application

Abstract

The innovation of high-performance, stable electrocatalysts for clean energy systems faces significant challenges. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with their porous nature, flexible structures, and homogeneous active site dispersion, have gained interest as unique precursors for carbon-based catalysts. MOFs' properties significantly enhance catalytic performance in fuel cells. This review highlights recent advancements in MOF design for oxygen electrocatalysis in fuel cells, while also discussing perspectives for future material innovations to improve catalytic activity in this emerging field.