Multi-scale Study of the Formation and Evolution of M6C Carbides in High-Tungsten Superalloys

IF 2.9 2区 材料科学 Q2 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Acta Metallurgica Sinica-English Letters Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI:10.1007/s40195-024-01754-5
Xiang Fei, Naicheng Sheng, Shijie Sun, Shigang Fan, Jinjiang Yu, Guichen Hou, Jinguo Li, Yizhou Zhou, Xiaofeng Sun
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Abstract

The formation and evolution of M6C carbides in high-W superalloy following solution treatment was investigated at different temperatures. Initially, during solid solution treatment, MC and M6C carbides was precipitated in the alloy. As the temperature increased, the morphology of M6C carbides transitioned from granular to needle-like. During the solution treatment at 1255 °C, the MC carbides degraded and transformed into M6C carbides, forming a symbiotic relationship between them. Nonetheless, no clear orientation relationship was observed between the two types of carbides. After further increasing the temperature to 1270 °C, the precipitation of needle-like M6C carbides in the dendrite arm was confirmed. This was supported by electron probe X-ray micro-analyzer and selected area electron diffraction patterns. Subsequently, a detailed examination of the three-dimensional morphology and orientation relationship of the needle-like phase with the matrix was carried out using focused-ion-beam and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The results indicated that the flat interface of the needle phase exhibited a specific orientation relationship with the matrix. However, in the three-dimensional plane, the interfaces between the needle-like phase and the matrix were not straight. Furthermore, no clear orientation relationship between the non-straight interfaces and the matrix was observed. As the solution temperature increased, the tensile properties at room temperature progressively decreased, while the stress rupture properties peaked at 1260 °C, suggesting that the alloy demonstrated its optimal comprehensive performance at this temperature. A subsequent analysis was conducted on the longitudinal section of the fracture using electron backscattered diffraction. The results showed a noticeable concentration of stress at the interface between MC and M6C carbides, which ultimately led to crack initiation at this interface. In addition, as the solid solution temperature increased, the quantity of symbiotic phases also increased. This phenomenon led to the initiation of cracks at multiple locations, which then propagated and interconnected. As a consequence, the tensile properties and stress rupture life of the alloy progressively deteriorated.

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高钨超合金中 M6C 碳化物形成和演变的多尺度研究
研究了在不同温度下进行固溶处理后,高 W 超合金中 M6C 碳化物的形成和演变过程。固溶处理初期,合金中析出 MC 和 M6C 碳化物。随着温度的升高,M6C 碳化物的形态从颗粒状转变为针状。在 1255 °C 固溶处理过程中,MC 碳化物降解并转化为 M6C 碳化物,两者之间形成共生关系。不过,这两种碳化物之间并没有明显的取向关系。温度进一步升高到 1270 °C后,枝晶臂中针状 M6C 碳化物的析出得到证实。电子探针 X 射线显微分析仪和选定区域电子衍射图也证实了这一点。随后,利用聚焦离子束和透射电子显微镜技术对针状相与基体的三维形貌和取向关系进行了详细研究。结果表明,针状相的平面界面与基体呈现出特定的取向关系。然而,在三维平面上,针状相与基体之间的界面并不平直。此外,在非直界面与基体之间也没有观察到明确的取向关系。随着溶液温度的升高,室温下的拉伸性能逐渐下降,而应力断裂性能在 1260 °C 时达到峰值,这表明合金在此温度下表现出最佳综合性能。随后,利用电子反向散射衍射对断口的纵向截面进行了分析。结果表明,MC 和 M6C 碳化物界面处的应力明显集中,最终导致在该界面处出现裂纹。此外,随着固溶体温度的升高,共生相的数量也在增加。这一现象导致在多个位置出现裂纹,然后裂纹扩展并相互连接。因此,合金的拉伸性能和应力断裂寿命逐渐恶化。
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来源期刊
Acta Metallurgica Sinica-English Letters
Acta Metallurgica Sinica-English Letters METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING-
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
14.30%
发文量
122
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: This international journal presents compact reports of significant, original and timely research reflecting progress in metallurgy, materials science and engineering, including materials physics, physical metallurgy, and process metallurgy.
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