A real-time calibration method based on time-to-digital converter for accelerator timing system

IF 3.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Nuclear Science and Techniques Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI:10.1007/s41365-024-01510-5
Qi-Hao Duan, Liang Ge, Yan-Hao Jia, Jie-Yu Zhu, Wei Zhang
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Abstract

The high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility (HIAF) is a scientific research facility complex composed of multiple cascade accelerators of different types, which pose a scheduling problem for devices distributed over a certain range of 2 km, involving over a hundred devices. The white rabbit, a technology-enhancing Gigabit Ethernet, has shown the capability of scheduling distributed timing devices but still faces the challenge of obtaining real-time synchronization calibration parameters with high precision. This study presents a calibration system based on a time-to-digital converter implemented on an ARM-based System-on-Chip (SoC). The system consists of four multi-sample delay lines, a bubble-proof encoder, an edge controller for managing data from different channels, and a highly effective calibration module that benefits from the SoC architecture. The performance was evaluated with an average RMS precision of 5.51 ps by measuring the time intervals from 0 to 24,000 ps with 120,000 data for every test. The design presented in this study refines the calibration precision of the HIAF timing system. This eliminates the errors caused by manual calibration without efficiency loss and provides data support for fault diagnosis. It can also be easily tailored or ported to other devices for specific applications and provides more space for developing timing systems for particle accelerators, such as white rabbits on HIAF.

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基于时数转换器的加速器计时系统实时校准方法
高强度重离子加速器设施(HIAF)是由多台不同类型的级联加速器组成的科研设施群,其设备分布在一定范围内(2 千米),涉及百余台设备,这给设备调度带来了难题。技术增强型千兆以太网 "白兔 "已显示出调度分布式授时设备的能力,但仍面临如何高精度获取实时同步校准参数的挑战。本研究提出了一种校准系统,它基于在基于 ARM 的片上系统(SoC)上实现的时间数字转换器。该系统包括四条多采样延迟线、一个防气泡编码器、一个用于管理不同通道数据的边缘控制器,以及一个受益于 SoC 架构的高效校准模块。通过测量从 0 到 24,000 ps 的时间间隔,每次测试 120,000 个数据,评估了平均有效值精度为 5.51 ps 的性能。本研究提出的设计改进了 HIAF 定时系统的校准精度。这不仅消除了手动校准造成的误差,而且不会降低效率,并为故障诊断提供了数据支持。它还可以很容易地定制或移植到其他设备上用于特定应用,并为开发粒子加速器(如 HIAF 上的白兔)计时系统提供了更大的空间。
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来源期刊
Nuclear Science and Techniques
Nuclear Science and Techniques 物理-核科学技术
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
39.30%
发文量
141
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: Nuclear Science and Techniques (NST) reports scientific findings, technical advances and important results in the fields of nuclear science and techniques. The aim of this periodical is to stimulate cross-fertilization of knowledge among scientists and engineers working in the fields of nuclear research. Scope covers the following subjects: • Synchrotron radiation applications, beamline technology; • Accelerator, ray technology and applications; • Nuclear chemistry, radiochemistry, radiopharmaceuticals, nuclear medicine; • Nuclear electronics and instrumentation; • Nuclear physics and interdisciplinary research; • Nuclear energy science and engineering.
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