Analysis of Cancer-Resisting Evolutionary Adaptations in Wild Animals and Applications for Human Oncology

IF 2.1 3区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Journal of Molecular Evolution Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI:10.1007/s00239-024-10204-w
Bokai K. Zhang, Leonard Gines
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Abstract

This literature review is to present a new direction in developing better treatment or preventive measures. The larger the body of an organism, the more numerous the cells, which theoretically lead to a higher risk of cancer. However, observational studies suggest the lack of correlation between body size and cancer risk, which is known as Peto’s paradox. The corollary of Peto’s paradox is that large organisms must be cancer-resistant. Further investigation of the anti-cancer mechanisms in each species could be potentially rewarding, and how the anti-cancer mechanisms found in wild animals can help influence and develop more effective cancer treatment in humans is the main focus of this literature review. Due to a lack of research and understanding of the exact molecular mechanisms of the researched species, only a few (Elephants and rodents) that have been extensively researched have made substantive contributions to human oncology. A new research direction is to investigate the positively selective genes that are related to cancer resistance and see if homologous genes are presented in humans. Despite the great obstacle of applying anti-cancer mechanisms to the human body from phylogenetically distant species, this research direction of gaining insights through investigating cancer-resisting evolutionary adaptations in wild animals has great potential in human oncology research.

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野生动物抗癌进化适应性分析及在人类肿瘤学中的应用
本文献综述旨在为制定更好的治疗或预防措施提供新的方向。生物体越大,细胞数量越多,理论上患癌症的风险就越高。然而,观察性研究表明,体型与癌症风险之间缺乏相关性,这就是所谓的佩托悖论(Peto's paradox)。佩托悖论的推论是,大型生物一定具有抗癌能力。进一步研究每个物种的抗癌机制可能会有所收获,而在野生动物中发现的抗癌机制如何有助于影响和开发更有效的人类癌症治疗方法,正是本文献综述的重点。由于缺乏对被研究物种确切分子机制的研究和了解,只有少数被广泛研究的物种(大象和啮齿类动物)对人类肿瘤学做出了实质性贡献。一个新的研究方向是调查与抗癌有关的正选择基因,看看人类是否存在同源基因。尽管将系统发育遥远的物种的抗癌机制应用于人体存在巨大障碍,但通过调查野生动物的抗癌进化适应性来获得启示的这一研究方向在人类肿瘤学研究中具有巨大潜力。
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来源期刊
Journal of Molecular Evolution
Journal of Molecular Evolution 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
2.60%
发文量
36
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Molecular Evolution covers experimental, computational, and theoretical work aimed at deciphering features of molecular evolution and the processes bearing on these features, from the initial formation of macromolecular systems through their evolution at the molecular level, the co-evolution of their functions in cellular and organismal systems, and their influence on organismal adaptation, speciation, and ecology. Topics addressed include the evolution of informational macromolecules and their relation to more complex levels of biological organization, including populations and taxa, as well as the molecular basis for the evolution of ecological interactions of species and the use of molecular data to infer fundamental processes in evolutionary ecology. This coverage accommodates such subfields as new genome sequences, comparative structural and functional genomics, population genetics, the molecular evolution of development, the evolution of gene regulation and gene interaction networks, and in vitro evolution of DNA and RNA, molecular evolutionary ecology, and the development of methods and theory that enable molecular evolutionary inference, including but not limited to, phylogenetic methods.
期刊最新文献
Stress-Induced Constraint on Expression Noise of Essential Genes in E. coli. Correction: Analysis of Cancer-Resisting Evolutionary Adaptations in Wild Animals and Applications for Human Oncology. Putative MutS2 Homologs in Algae: More Goods in Shopping Bag? Volatile Organic Compound Metabolism on Early Earth. Evolution of Cellular Organization Along the First Branches of the Tree of Life.
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