Enhancing Mechanical Performance of Friction Stir Welded AZ31 Magnesium Alloy with Nano-TiC Reinforcements Using Grey Relational Analysis

Abstract

The solid-state joining method known as friction stir welding has recently gained popularity because of the many benefits it provides in terms of mechanical characteristics and weld quality. Using a Grey Rational Coefficient optimization strategy to examine the effect of Titanium Carbide nanoparticles (TiCnp) reinforcement on welds of Grade AZ31 magnesium alloy. The key parameters under investigation include TiCnp content (ranging around 1.5 wt%), tilt angle (0°, 1°, and 2°), tool rotation speed (1000, 1250, and 1500 rpm), tool profile shape (Square, Cylinder, and Triangle), traverse feed rate (25, 50, and 75 mm/min), and axial load (5, 10, and 15 kN). The mechanical parameters tested in this research comprise micro hardness, tensile strength, wear rate, and impact strength. The findings reveal that when the TiCnp concentration is tuned within the prescribed range, welds with a peak tensile strength of 242 MPa significantly improve mechanical characteristics. In this study the value of 1250-rpm rotational speed, 50 mm/min traverse speed, 1° tilt angle and tool profile shape square is significantly increases the mechanical properties. Adding of TiCnp with AZ31 Mg alloy is widely increase the tensile strength up to 230 MPa, micro hardness about 70 MPa, impact strength 89.34 MPa and wear rate of 0.0046 m³/m.