Profile Measurement and Distribution Statistics of Amplitude Scintillation Within the Lowest Tropospheric Layers Using Karasawa Model

IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q4 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION MAPAN Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI:10.1007/s12647-024-00767-w
Ayodeji G. Ashidi, Okikiade A. Layioye
{"title":"Profile Measurement and Distribution Statistics of Amplitude Scintillation Within the Lowest Tropospheric Layers Using Karasawa Model","authors":"Ayodeji G. Ashidi,&nbsp;Okikiade A. Layioye","doi":"10.1007/s12647-024-00767-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Characterizing the variation dynamics of amplitude scintillation within the lowest layers of the troposphere is important for many communication system applications. It provides fast fade statistics used to determine the non-rain-induced fade margin needed for implementing effective fade mitigation techniques on both terrestrial and satellite radio channels. This study employed three-year in-situ data of primary radio-climatic factors (temperature and relative humidity) and radio channel parameters (frequency, elevation angle, and antenna diameter) for estimating tropospheric amplitude scintillation and evaluating its vertical profile over Akure, Nigeria, using the Karasawa scintillation model. The radio-climatic parameters were measured at five altitudinal layers from the surface to a height of 200 m at 50 m interval on a 220 m-tall mast using a Davis Vantage Pro2 automatic weather station at 30 min interval. The extracted data spanned January 2008 to December 2010 (3 years). Radio link parameters frequency, elevation angle, and antenna diameter, with values of 12.5 GHz, 53°, and 0.9 m, respectively, were employed for the computation of scintillation amplitude (<i>χ</i>) and intensity (<i>σ</i>) along with the weather variables. From the results, the histogram of annual scintillation intensity at all levels was well approximated by the stable probability density function (pdf) distribution model. The magnitude of scintillation intensity was found to be much higher during the rainy season than during the dry season. Minimal differences, between 2 and 8% in magnitude, were observed in the annual averaged amplitude across the levels, but the rainy-dry season dichotomy was conspicuous following monthly analysis. An allowance of 0.5 dB and 0.38 dB is required to counteract the effects of scintillation amplitude fade and enhancement, respectively, at this location.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"39 4","pages":"863 - 872"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"MAPAN","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12647-024-00767-w","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Characterizing the variation dynamics of amplitude scintillation within the lowest layers of the troposphere is important for many communication system applications. It provides fast fade statistics used to determine the non-rain-induced fade margin needed for implementing effective fade mitigation techniques on both terrestrial and satellite radio channels. This study employed three-year in-situ data of primary radio-climatic factors (temperature and relative humidity) and radio channel parameters (frequency, elevation angle, and antenna diameter) for estimating tropospheric amplitude scintillation and evaluating its vertical profile over Akure, Nigeria, using the Karasawa scintillation model. The radio-climatic parameters were measured at five altitudinal layers from the surface to a height of 200 m at 50 m interval on a 220 m-tall mast using a Davis Vantage Pro2 automatic weather station at 30 min interval. The extracted data spanned January 2008 to December 2010 (3 years). Radio link parameters frequency, elevation angle, and antenna diameter, with values of 12.5 GHz, 53°, and 0.9 m, respectively, were employed for the computation of scintillation amplitude (χ) and intensity (σ) along with the weather variables. From the results, the histogram of annual scintillation intensity at all levels was well approximated by the stable probability density function (pdf) distribution model. The magnitude of scintillation intensity was found to be much higher during the rainy season than during the dry season. Minimal differences, between 2 and 8% in magnitude, were observed in the annual averaged amplitude across the levels, but the rainy-dry season dichotomy was conspicuous following monthly analysis. An allowance of 0.5 dB and 0.38 dB is required to counteract the effects of scintillation amplitude fade and enhancement, respectively, at this location.

Abstract Image

查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
利用 Karasawa 模型测量对流层最低层振幅闪烁的剖面和分布统计数据
描述对流层最低层振幅闪烁的变化动态对许多通信系统应用都很重要。它提供了快速衰减统计数据,用于确定在地面和卫星无线电信道上实施有效衰减缓解技术所需的非雨水引起的衰减余量。本研究利用主要无线电气候因子(温度和相对湿度)和无线电信道参数(频率、仰角和天线直径)的三年原位数据,估算对流层振幅闪烁,并使用 Karasawa 闪烁模型评估尼日利亚阿库雷上空的垂直剖面。无线电气候参数是在一根 220 米高的桅杆上,使用 Davis Vantage Pro2 自动气象站,以 50 米的间隔测量从地表到 200 米高度的五个高度层的无线电气候参数,间隔时间为 30 分钟。提取数据的时间跨度为 2008 年 1 月至 2010 年 12 月(3 年)。无线电链路参数频率、仰角和天线直径的值分别为 12.5 GHz、53° 和 0.9 m,用于计算闪烁幅度(χ)和强度(σ)以及天气变量。从结果来看,各等级的年闪烁强度直方图都能很好地用稳定的概率密度函数(pdf)分布模型进行近似。雨季的闪烁强度远高于旱季。各等级的年平均振幅差异很小,在 2% 到 8% 之间,但每月分析后,雨季和旱季的二分法非常明显。需要分别预留 0.5 分贝和 0.38 分贝来抵消该地点闪烁振幅衰减和增强的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
MAPAN
MAPAN 工程技术-物理:应用
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
20.00%
发文量
91
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: MAPAN-Journal Metrology Society of India is a quarterly publication. It is exclusively devoted to Metrology (Scientific, Industrial or Legal). It has been fulfilling an important need of Metrologists and particularly of quality practitioners by publishing exclusive articles on scientific, industrial and legal metrology. The journal publishes research communication or technical articles of current interest in measurement science; original work, tutorial or survey papers in any metrology related area; reviews and analytical studies in metrology; case studies on reliability, uncertainty in measurements; and reports and results of intercomparison and proficiency testing.
期刊最新文献
Techniques for High Accuracy User Position Estimation Using NavIC Constellation Modified Refractivity-Based Lifted Index Using Exact Formula for Lifted Condensation Level Design and Performance Analysis of Graphene Integrated CPW Fed Fractal Antennae for 5G mm-Wave and Ground Based Navigation Applications A Novel Stepped-Flower Shaped UWB Frequency Reconfigurable Printed Filtering Antenna Using PIN Diodes with Trackable Notch-Band for Mid-5G Band & X-Band Applications Summer-Time Monitoring And Source Apportionment Study Of Both Coarse, Fine, And Ultra-Fine Particulate Pollution In Eastern Himalayan Darjeeling: A Hint To Health Risk During Peak Tourist Season
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1