Composite melt-rock interactions in the lowermost continental crust: insights from a dunite-pyroxenite-gabbronorite association of the Mafic Complex from the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (Italian Alps)

IF 3.5 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Journal of Petrology Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI:10.1093/petrology/egae094
Davide Mariani, Riccardo Tribuzio, Maria Rosaria Renna, Alberto Zanetti
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Abstract

The processes leading to the building of the continental crust through magmatic underplating are fundamentally unknown, mainly because of the rare accessibility to deep level sections of the continental crust. The Italian Alps expose the Permian Mafic Complex, an 8 km-thick gabbronorite-diorite batholith that intruded the lower continental crust during the post-Variscan transtensional tectonics. We present here a petrological and geochemical study of a concentric dunite-pyroxenite-gabbronorite association, called Monte Mazzucco sequence, enclosed at deep levels of the Mafic Complex, thereby allowing us to provide new insights into the magmatic processes driven by emplacement of mantle melts in deep crustal continental areas. The studied sequence includes a ~60 m thick dunite lens, in which olivine (82 mol% forsterite) is associated with accessory Cr-spinel including blebs and lamellae made up of magnetite. The dunite lens is permeated by mm- to cm-scale thick magmatic veins, which range in composition from hornblende lherzolite to olivine hornblendite and hornblende websterite. The lens is mantled by a m-scale ring consisting of amphibole-bearing (≤1 vol%) websterite, and the websterite ring is in turn enclosed by amphibole-free gabbronorites. Both magmatic veins within the dunites and mantling websterites typically include an oxide association of Al-spinel and magnetite. Remarkably, the hornblende websterite veins and the mantling websterites are typically plagioclase-free and include clinopyroxene and amphibole with chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns characterized by negative Eu anomaly. The mantling websterites display a subtle, gradual outward decrease of Mg# for orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and accessory olivine, coupled with an increase of the negative Eu anomaly in clinopyroxene and amphibole. The enclosing gabbronorites are amphibole-free and have a chemically evolved signature. We propose a petrogenetic scenario including two major events of melt-dunite interaction. The first resulted from focused reactive melt infiltration and formed the magmatic veins within dunites. The hornblende lherzolite and the olivine hornblendite veins were produced by focused reactive melt migration through dunite grain boundaries, involving dissolution of olivine and recrystallization of Cr-spinel into Al-spinel and magnetite, whereas the hornblende websterite veins crystallized from melts penetrating through narrow fractures and recording earlier plagioclase fractionation. Most likely, the infiltrating melts were overall derived from an evolving H2O-rich magma emplaced below the dunite body. The second event of melt-dunite reactive interaction developed the websterite ring around dunites. We envision that the outermost domain of the dunite body was replaced by websterites in response to reaction with an invading H2O-poor melt, which had previously undergone plagioclase fractionation. The dunite replacement occurred under dynamic conditions, which promoted the reaction progress, thereby leading to total or almost total dissolution of precursor olivine, and started to form the lens shape of the Monte Mazzucco ultramafic association. The gabbronorites closely adjacent to the websterite ring represent the crystallization products of the invading melt.
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最下部大陆地壳中的复合熔岩-岩石相互作用:从伊夫雷亚-维尔巴诺区(意大利阿尔卑斯山)岩浆岩复合体的白云石-辉绿岩-辉长岩关联中获得的启示
岩浆底侵导致大陆地壳形成的过程基本上是未知的,这主要是因为很少有机会接触到大陆地壳的深层剖面。意大利阿尔卑斯山揭露了二叠纪黑云母岩群,这是一块厚达 8 千米的榴辉闪长岩-闪长岩岩床,在后瓦利斯纪转张构造时期侵入了下部大陆地壳。我们在此介绍对封闭在黑云母岩群深部的同心白云母-辉长岩-辉绿岩组合(称为蒙特马祖科序列)进行的岩石学和地球化学研究,从而使我们能够对地幔熔体在地壳深部大陆地区的置换所驱动的岩浆过程提供新的见解。所研究的序列包括一个约 60 米厚的云英岩透镜体,其中橄榄石(82 摩尔%的方解石)与附属铬尖晶石(包括由磁铁矿组成的斑点和薄片)伴生。云英岩透镜体被毫米到厘米级厚的岩浆岩脉渗透,岩浆岩脉的成分从角闪石蛭石到橄榄石角闪石和角闪石菱锰矿不等。透镜体被一个由含闪石(≤1 vol%)的霞石组成的米级环所覆盖,霞石环又被不含闪石的榴辉岩所包围。云英岩内的岩浆矿脉和幔状菱锰矿通常都包含铝闪锌矿和磁铁矿的氧化物团。值得注意的是,角闪石网状岩脉和幔状网状岩通常不含斜长石,并包含挛辉石和闪石,其稀土元素形态以负Eu异常为特征。幔状网纹石显示正辉石、霞石和附属橄榄石的 Mg# 有细微的、逐渐向外的减少,同时霞石和闪石的负 Eu 异常增加。封闭的榴辉岩不含闪石,具有化学演化特征。我们提出了一种岩石成因设想,其中包括两个主要的熔体-云母相互作用事件。第一次是集中反应熔体渗入,形成了云英岩中的岩浆脉。角闪石蛭石和橄榄石角闪石岩脉是由穿过云英岩晶界的集中反应性熔体迁移产生的,其中涉及橄榄石的溶解和铬尖晶石向铝尖晶石和磁铁矿的重结晶,而角闪石websterite岩脉则是由穿过狭窄裂缝的熔体结晶而成,并记录了较早的斜长石分馏过程。最有可能的情况是,渗透的熔体总体上来自于在云英岩体下方赋存的富含 H2O 的演化岩浆。熔体-云英岩反应性相互作用的第二个事件是在云英岩周围形成网状岩圈。我们设想,在与入侵的贫H2O熔体发生反应的过程中,云英岩体的最外层被菱镁矿取代,而在此之前,云英岩体已经经历了斜长石分馏。白云母置换发生在动态条件下,这促进了反应的进展,从而导致前驱橄榄石完全或几乎完全溶解,并开始形成马祖科山超基性岩群的透镜状。紧邻网纹石环的榴辉岩是入侵熔体的结晶产物。
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来源期刊
Journal of Petrology
Journal of Petrology 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
12.80%
发文量
117
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Petrology provides an international forum for the publication of high quality research in the broad field of igneous and metamorphic petrology and petrogenesis. Papers published cover a vast range of topics in areas such as major element, trace element and isotope geochemistry and geochronology applied to petrogenesis; experimental petrology; processes of magma generation, differentiation and emplacement; quantitative studies of rock-forming minerals and their paragenesis; regional studies of igneous and meta morphic rocks which contribute to the solution of fundamental petrological problems; theoretical modelling of petrogenetic processes.
期刊最新文献
Unraveling the Magmatic-to-Carbothermal Processes in the Ba-Sr-REE Mineralization of the Sevattur Carbonatites, India Geodynamic Evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean in the West Kunlun Orogenic Belt, NW Tibet: Implications from the Sub-Arc Crust and Lithospheric Mantle Modification Crystals and melt inclusions record deep storage of superhydrous magma prior to the largest known eruption of Cerro Machín volcano, Colombia Composite melt-rock interactions in the lowermost continental crust: insights from a dunite-pyroxenite-gabbronorite association of the Mafic Complex from the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (Italian Alps) Reexamining the Honolulu Volcanics: Hawai‘i's classic case of rejuvenation volcanism
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