{"title":"MAIPbI2 perovskite solar cells fabricated based on the TiO2, RGO@TiO2, and SnO2:F electron transport layers","authors":"Saniye Tekerek","doi":"10.1007/s11051-024-06120-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles were obtained via a hydrothermal method, while graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were produced via Hummers’ method. Reduced graphene oxide/titanium dioxide (RGO@TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanocomposites were synthesized via a hydrothermal technique. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of TiO<sub>2</sub>, RGO@TiO<sub>2</sub>, and perovskite nanoparticles were characterized via powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the functional groups in the samples. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were also used to investigate how samples undergo structural and phase changes throughout a thermal process. This study investigated the enhancement of cell efficiency with lightening. In this work, FTO/Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub>/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag, FTO/Ag/RGO@TiO<sub>2</sub>/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag, and FTO/Ag/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag structured solar cell devices were fabricated and subjected to two different light treatments, ultraviolet (UV) and LED lamps, to determine how cell efficiency is affected by light. After lighting with a 7-W LED lamp, the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with the structure of FTO/Ag/RGO@TiO<sub>2</sub>/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag showed a higher efficiency of 17.01% compared with that of the other materials, FTO/Ag/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag 8.61%, and FTO/Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub>/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag 15.62%. It can be concluded that using the RGO@TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite material in the fabrication of PSCs enhanced the cell efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"26 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-024-06120-1","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were obtained via a hydrothermal method, while graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were produced via Hummers’ method. Reduced graphene oxide/titanium dioxide (RGO@TiO2) nanocomposites were synthesized via a hydrothermal technique. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of TiO2, RGO@TiO2, and perovskite nanoparticles were characterized via powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the functional groups in the samples. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were also used to investigate how samples undergo structural and phase changes throughout a thermal process. This study investigated the enhancement of cell efficiency with lightening. In this work, FTO/Ag/TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag, FTO/Ag/RGO@TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag, and FTO/Ag/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag structured solar cell devices were fabricated and subjected to two different light treatments, ultraviolet (UV) and LED lamps, to determine how cell efficiency is affected by light. After lighting with a 7-W LED lamp, the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with the structure of FTO/Ag/RGO@TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag showed a higher efficiency of 17.01% compared with that of the other materials, FTO/Ag/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag 8.61%, and FTO/Ag/TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag 15.62%. It can be concluded that using the RGO@TiO2 nanocomposite material in the fabrication of PSCs enhanced the cell efficiency.
期刊介绍：
The objective of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research is to disseminate knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological phenomena and processes in structures that have at least one lengthscale ranging from molecular to approximately 100 nm (or submicron in some situations), and exhibit improved and novel properties that are a direct result of their small size.
Nanoparticle research is a key component of nanoscience, nanoengineering and nanotechnology.
The focus of the Journal is on the specific concepts, properties, phenomena, and processes related to particles, tubes, layers, macromolecules, clusters and other finite structures of the nanoscale size range. Synthesis, assembly, transport, reactivity, and stability of such structures are considered. Development of in-situ and ex-situ instrumentation for characterization of nanoparticles and their interfaces should be based on new principles for probing properties and phenomena not well understood at the nanometer scale. Modeling and simulation may include atom-based quantum mechanics; molecular dynamics; single-particle, multi-body and continuum based models; fractals; other methods suitable for modeling particle synthesis, assembling and interaction processes. Realization and application of systems, structures and devices with novel functions obtained via precursor nanoparticles is emphasized. Approaches may include gas-, liquid-, solid-, and vacuum-based processes, size reduction, chemical- and bio-self assembly. Contributions include utilization of nanoparticle systems for enhancing a phenomenon or process and particle assembling into hierarchical structures, as well as formulation and the administration of drugs. Synergistic approaches originating from different disciplines and technologies, and interaction between the research providers and users in this field, are encouraged.
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